山东省沂南县动物强制免疫“先打后补”现状分析

2021年,沂南县推进动物疫病强制免疫“先打后补”工作,依托“鲁牧云”信息平台,通过强化组织领导,加强政策宣贯,强化人员培训,放开强免疫苗经营渠道,提供抗体检测无偿服务等措施,提升了养殖场户“先打后补”的积极性、自主性、灵活性,强化了养殖场户动物防疫主体责任,满足了养殖场户疫苗多样化需求。但由于 “先打后补”补助金额少、社会化服务不规范、基层动物防疫体系弱化、缺少配套工作经费等原因,部分养殖场户实施“先打后补”的积极性不高。建议通过规范社会化服务组织,强化培训水平,提高补助标准,强化三级（县乡村）基础设施建设,升级“鲁牧云”等措施,确保“先打后补”政策惠及更多养殖场户。     

Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration

The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome was studied in plasma after a single dose (10 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in freshwater at 30 °C. Ten fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. The data were fitted to two‐compartment open models following both routes of administration. The estimates of total body clearance (CL/F), volume of distribution (Vd/F), and absorption half‐life (T_1/2ka) were 0.049 and 0.037 L/h/kg, 0.41 and 0.33 L/kg, and 0.028 and 0.035 h following i.m. and i.p. administration, respectively. After i.m. injection, the elimination half‐life (T_1?2β) was calculated to be 5.81 h, the maximum plasma concentration (C_max) to be 49.40 μg/mL, the time to peak plasma cefquinome concentration (T_max) to be 0.14 h, and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) to be 204.6 μg h/mL. Following i.p. administration, the corresponding estimates were 6.05 h, 44.39 μg/mL, 0.17 h and 267.8 μg h/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefquinome, determined for 30 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from diseased tilapia, ranged from 0.015 to 0.12 μg/mL. Results from these studies support that 10 mg cefquinome/kg body weight daily could be expected to control tilapia bacterial pathogens inhibited in vitro by a minimal inhibitory concentration value of ≤2 μg/mL.     

天祝白牦牛产业可持续发展思考

天祝白牦牛是珍贵的地方牦牛品种。通过对天祝白牦牛产业资源优势分析提出了可持续发展的建议。以期天祝白牦牛产业在振牛产业在振兴当地经济保护青藏高原生物多样性方面起到重要作用。     

2012年莱西市奶牛布鲁氏菌病血清学调查和风险因素分析

[目的]估计莱西市奶牛布鲁氏菌病的流行率和地理分布,分析奶牛养殖场间布鲁氏菌病的传播风险因素。[方法]对莱西市1803个养殖户30119头应检奶牛,全部采样,采用虎红平板凝集和试管凝集垂直试验,同时开展奶牛布鲁氏菌病问卷调查。利用GIS、Epi Infor TM 7和SPASS软件,开展横断面研究和case-control研究,分析莱西市奶牛布鲁氏菌病阳性场户的空间分布、布鲁氏菌病流行率和养殖场间的风险因素分析。[结果]莱西市布鲁氏菌病的场户血清流行率是2.55%,个体血清流行率为0.38%;单因素分析发现存栏量、养殖模式、养殖环境、是否有专用产犊场地、挤奶方式、运奶方式、粪污是否分开处理、是否使用机械处理粪便等8个因素与奶牛布鲁氏菌病发生有一定关系（p<0.2）;多因素logistic回归分析表明,存栏量少（10只以下）（OR=4.58,95%CI：1.87-11.23,p=0.001）和散养户集中村饲养（OR=2.21,95%CI：1.05-4.63,p=0.036）与该病发生相关。     

发展畜牧产业 推进现代农业

现代农业的内涵相当丰富,包括农林牧副渔等诸方面。就畜牧业而言其位置和作用在现代农业中占有重要地位,畜牧业的持续健康发展是现代农业的重要内容,忽视或离开了畜牧业的发展,现代农业就无从谈起。所以建设现代农业,必须把发展畜牧业放在重要位置,作为重要内容去抓。     

Effects of Exogenous Glycine Betaine on the Physiological Characteristics in Medicago sativa Seedlings under Low-temperature Stress北大核心CSCD

In this study,the 'Ganong 5th' alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was used as experimental material,and two application methods (leaf application,root application) and six exogenous betaine concentrations (0,10,20,30,40 and 50 mmol·L-1) were used to treat the seedlings of alfalfa. Plant growth and related physiological indexes were measured after 7 days of low temperature (4?) stress,and the physiological mechanism of exogenous betaine to alleviate the low temperature stress of alfalfa was explored. The results showed that exogenous GB alleviated the loss of plant height,root length,leaf dry weight,root dry weight and chlorophyll content,and increase the content of soluble sugar (SS) and free proline (Pro),and reduced the increase in leaf relative membrane permeability and MDA content. Exogenous GB increased antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant content. And also,exogenous GB enhanced the osmotic adjustment capacity of the plant by increasing endogenous GB accumulation and BADH activity. These results indicated that exogenous GB enhanced the resistance of Medicago sativa to low-temperature stress under low temperature adjustment. The membership function analysis indicated that spraying 30 mmol·L-1 GB on the leaves and spraying 40 mmol·L-1 GB on the roots had the best effect on alleviating the low-temperature stress of alfalfa seedlings. © 2019 Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｒｅｆｒｉｇｅｒａｔｉｏｎ. All rights reserved.     

一例牙鲆淋巴囊肿病例的诊断及病毒MCP基因遗传进化分析

2019年1月,山东省某牙鲆鱼场出现疑似淋巴囊肿病例。患病鱼体表长有灰白色菜花样瘤状物,死亡率超过30%,给养殖场造成了较为严重的经济损失。为确定发病原因,对该鱼场病死鱼进行了病理组织学诊断和病毒检测,并对病毒MCP基因进行了序列测定及遗传变异分析。结果显示：眼观及组织学病变符合淋巴囊肿病的病变特征;所检测到的病毒与选定的参考毒株核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为78.7%~99.9%和86.8%~100%。MCP基因遗传进化分析显示,检测到的病毒与LCDV-C、JF00Kuma、JF03Yoshi、JF03GunNeA、JF、LCDV-K1等毒株同属于淋巴囊肿病毒基因II型,且与我国分离株LCDV-C有较高的同源性。经综合诊断,确定该流行病由淋巴囊肿病毒基因II型所致。该研究为该病的综合诊断及流行病学调查提供了新资料,为下一步进行该病毒相关分子生物学研究以及疫苗制备等提供了理论依据。     

非典型牛海绵状脑病研究进展

非典型牛海绵状脑病为新发现的一种朊病毒病,通常发生于老牛,与典型牛海绵状脑病在病理表型、分子表型和生物表型方面不同。本文结合已发表的文献,对非典型牛海绵状脑病的发现、病原特性、流行病学、检测、发病机理、动物模型研究和实验感染等方面的最新研究进展进行了概述,以期增强人们对该病的认识,并为我国防控该病提供借鉴。     

新疆乌鲁木齐市犬布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查

为了解新疆乌鲁木齐市犬布鲁氏菌病流行特征,分析犬感染风险因素,初步掌握养犬人员对布鲁氏菌病的认知程度和行为特点,从而提出合理的预防对策和控制措施,采用流行病学横断面研究方法,通过估计流行率计算抽样数量,然后随机抽样,采用IELISA方法检测光滑型和粗糙型犬布鲁氏菌,同时结合调查问卷,获得乌鲁木齐市犬布鲁氏菌病流行率、感染风险因素和养犬人员对布鲁氏菌病认知情况,并对调查结果采用SPSS和Excel软件进行数据统计分析。结果显示:乌鲁木齐市犬布鲁氏菌病总流行率为25.5%(95%CI:20.9%~30.1%),且犬种和牛羊种并存,公共卫生威胁严重;从不同群体看,牧区流行率最高,为41.5%(95%CI:31.0%~52.0%);外购、散养、常接触牛羊、喂生肉、不处理犬粪便等行为是乌鲁木齐市犬布鲁氏菌感染的潜在风险因素,其中"常接触牛羊"(OR=1.97,95%CI:1.47~15.35)、"喂生肉"(OR=5.06,95%CI:1.69~20.74)是主要风险因素;乌鲁木齐市养犬人员对布鲁氏菌病的认知程度低,个人防护意识差。因此,应加强对犬感染牛羊种布鲁氏菌的公共卫生防控,减少犬与牛羊的直接接触,不喂生肉,定期开展犬布鲁氏菌病专项检测,同时加强宣传,提高养犬人员的布鲁氏菌病认知度。