非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪血液指标的影响

选用120头平均体重为(8.1±0.2)kg的PIC断奶仔猪,采用单因素完全随机化试验设计,研究在饲料中添加复合酶对断奶仔猪血液指标的影响。试验共设5个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验期为28 d,分为前期(1～14 d)和后期(15～28 d)两个阶段。结果表明:非淀粉多糖复合酶组能显著提高断奶仔猪前期血糖、总蛋白的含量(P<0.05);提高后期断奶仔猪血糖、总蛋白和免疫球蛋白A的含量(P<0.05),复合酶Ⅱ效果好于复合酶Ⅰ。     

同胚增殖鸡新城疫病毒和传染性支气管炎病毒的效果观察及免疫应答反应

鸡新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）和鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）混合在同一鸡胚中增殖,当ＮＤＶ和ＩＢＶ接种浓度控制在一定范围时,最佳收毒时间选择使ＮＤＶ有足够时间增殖到最佳滴度,且在这一时间内不至于因孵育时间过长而致ＩＢＶ毒力减弱。结果表明ＮＤＶＬａｓｏｔａ株经１０倍稀释分别与４株ＩＢＶ１０００倍稀释液等体积混合后接种,能在同一鸡胚中正常增殖,即９６ｈ收毒,血凝（ＨＡ）方法测定两种病毒的血凝价均能达到最佳滴度,其血凝价不低于各自单独增殖的滴度。４种ＩＢＶ株与ＮＤＶ同胚增殖的ＨＡ滴度进一步证实,在合适的条件下,ＩＢＶ均不对ＮＤＶ的复制产生干扰作用,４种ＩＢＶ的血凝价无明显差异。免疫试验中用同胚增殖两种病毒二联苗接种,鸡体血清中可产生抗两种病毒的ＨＩ抗体,与各自单独接种时的ＨＩ抗体水平几乎一致。本试验中制备的ＩＢ血凝抗原在４℃保存一个月,其血凝活性保持不变。ＩＢＶ微量血凝抑制（ＨＩ）试验特异性测定结果证实,用自制ＩＢＶ血凝抗原进行ＨＩ试验检测鸡ＩＢ阳性血清均能产生稳定的特异性反应,并且无交叉反应。说明ＨＩ试验是检测ＩＢＶ抗体水平的有效可行的方法。     

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis detection in bovine feces is improved by coupling agar culture enrichment to an IS900-specific polymerase chain reaction assay.

The feasibility of coupling an agar culture enrichment step with gene amplification (ACE-PCR) as a means to improve turnaround time and detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Mpt) in the presence of contaminants was investigated. Fecal samples from 463 Pennsylvania dairy cows were cultured in duplicate sets. One replicate from each set was processed and interpreted according to standard culture (SC) protocol, whereas cultures from the second replicate were harvested at 6 weeks postinoculation; DNA extracts from the harvested material were evaluated by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for the Mpt-specific IS900 gene. One hundred seventy-six of 463 culture sets were positive by either method. One hundred sixty-five of these (94%) were ACE-PCR positive, and 151 (86%) were positive by SC. Eleven SC-positive samples were ACE-PCR negative, and 9 ACE-PCR-positive samples were negative by SC; these discrepancies could be a consequence of a low organism burden (< or = 5 organisms/g) or slow growth rate of Mpt in cultures of these samples. One hundred thirty-nine of 463 culture sets (30%) were reported as inconclusive because of culture contamination according to SC protocol; 16 of these (11.5%) were ACE-PCR positive. Seventy-four ACE-PCR-positive sets (42% of all positives) were negative or inconclusive by SC at 6 weeks postinoculation. Agar culture enrichment prior to IS900 PCR testing significantly improves Mpt culture turnaround time and sensitivity.     

桑蚕卵电晕人工孵化技术研究：V.电晕处理蚕种的农村饲育

通过１９９４～１９９６年电晕处理蚕种的农村饲养，得到以下几点认识，在保证卵面消毒和排除孵化不齐因素情况下，电晕蚕种与浸酸蚕种的产量质量无显著差异，专供农用的大板电晕仪存在放电不匀，孵经不齐和孵化率欠高的问题，有待改进，电晕处理蚕种还须进行卵消毒。     

家蚕有滞育多化性品种滞育卵复式冷藏继代法的研究

利用上年中秋制种的滞育卵经复式冷藏处理,到当年夏蚕期饲养,夏制种再经中秋蚕期饲养,进行了有滞育多化性品种的省力保种试验.夏蚕期其生命力较对照组低1.2%~1.9%,生种率上升16.0%,差异达显著程度.中秋蚕期生命力高1.0%,生种率低0.9%,完全恢复正常.重复试验,结果一致.有滞育多化性品种用滞育卵复式冷藏处理一年二次省力保种是可行的.     

Multiple amino acid substitutions are involved in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza virus to mice

To explore adaptation of avian influenza virus to mice we previously performed serial lung-to-lung passages of the influenza A/Chicken/Jiangsu/7/2002 (H9N2) strain, resulting in the isolation of a variant influenza strain lethal for mice. We now report that virulence correlates with improved growth characteristics on mammalian cells and extended tissue tropism in vivo. Sequencing of the complete genomes of the wild-type and mouse-adapted viruses revealed 25 amino acid substitutions. Some were found to reiterate known substitutions in human and swine H9N2 influenza isolates. Functions affected include nuclear localization signals and sites of protein and RNA interaction, while others are known determinants of pathogenicity and host specificity such as the viral polymerase PB2 E627K substitution. These observations suggest that enhanced growth characteristics and modified cell tropism may contribute to increased virulence in mice. We conclude that multiple amino acid substitutions are likely to be involved in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza virus to mice.     

鸡的钙磷营养与科学利用

在现代养鸡生产中,钙磷饲料的科学利用是保证养鸡生产成功的关键问题之一,也是饲料生产企业非常关注的问题。如何根据鸡对钙磷营养需要的原理：在生产中科学地使用钙磷饲料应该引起重视。     

2009年11月中国水产品市场分析与预测——中国市场水产品价格将在2010年进入长时期负增长或低增长阶段

国家统计局近期公布的数据显示．前3季度我国GDP同比增长7．7％。一季度6．1％,二季度7．9％．三季度8．9％。经济界人士评论．全年保8无悬念。2009年9月．中国出口总额1159．4亿美元,同比下降15．1％,环比增长11．79％。种种数据表明．中国经济已进入企稳向好的恢复期,     

鼻炎症状兔的细菌感染情况调查与分析

文章对山东省某兔场的25只临床鼻炎症状家兔进行了细菌带菌情况调查,并对分离出的细菌进行了16S rRNA基因测序和耐药情况检测。结果表明:从临床病例中分离出151株细菌,经过16S rRNA测序鉴定,分别为大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、奇异变形杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、波氏杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌以及绿脓杆菌等;药敏试验结果显示,所有检出菌对红霉素、磺胺异噁唑的耐药率最高,其次为阿奇霉素和庆大霉素,阿米卡星的耐药率最低。     

Replacing fish oil and astaxanthin by microalgal sources produced different metabolic responses in juvenile rainbow trout fed 2 types of practical diets

Dietary fish oil supplementation provides n-3 long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids for supporting fish growth and metabolism and enriching fillet with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; c22:6n-3). Two experiments were performed as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments for 16 wk to determine effects and mechanisms of replacing 0%, 50%, and 100% fish oil with DHA-rich microalgae in combination with synthetic vs. microalgal source of astaxanthin in plant protein meal (PM)- or fishmeal (FM)- based diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish (22 ± 0.26 g) were stocked at 17/tank and 3 tanks/diet. The 100% fish oil replacement impaired (P < 0.0001) growth performance, dietary protein and energy utilization, body indices, and tissue accumulation of DHA and EPA in both diet series. The impairments were associated (P < 0.05) with upregulation of hepatic gene expression related to growth (ghr1and igf1) and biosynthesis of DHA and EPA (fads6 and evol5) that was more dramatic in the FM than PM diet-fed fish, and more pronounced on tissue EPA than DHA concentrations. The source of astaxanthin exerted interaction effects with the fish oil replacement on several measures including muscle total cholesterol concentrations. In conclusion, replacing fish oil by the DHA-rich microalgae produced more negative metabolic responses than the substitution of synthetic astaxanthin by the microalgal source in juvenile rainbow trout fed 2 types of practical diets.