温室黄瓜叶面积计算及其与株高的相关性研究

利用5个黄瓜品种进行不同季节日光温室和现代温室的栽培实验,提出了一个简易的温室黄瓜叶面积计算经验公式,用长宽法计算温室黄瓜叶面积的矫正系数K=0.743。研究了温室黄瓜叶面积与株高的变化规律,二者间呈极显著线性相关,相关系数为0.991。提出了利用着叶株高替代叶面积,以实现温室黄瓜模式化研究的简化处理。     

模糊物元分析法在耕地地力评价中的应用

本文利用模糊物元分析方法,以耕地的理化指标为评价依据,对黑龙江农垦总局某农场的耕地地力进行评价。实验结果表明：利用计算机技术可以完全依据耕地的地力要素对耕地进行评价,从而克服了凭经验确定地力的主观方法的弊端,能准确地反映耕地地力的差异。     

乌贡糙米粉的研制和利用

本文利用天然食品资源乌贡糙米为原料配合大豆、麦仁和蛋白糖生产乌贡糙米粉,通过乌贡糙米粉的生产工艺达到营养互补,方便食用,是老人、儿童、体弱病人的食疗、休闲食品。     

水稻穗上发芽的差异蛋白质分析

采用IEF-SDS-PAGE双向电泳技术,对穗上发芽的水稻胚芽进行蛋白质分离,获得清晰的电泳图谱。结果表明:同一品种未发芽和穗上发芽的水稻胚芽蛋白质电泳图谱基本一致,体现了其蛋白质组分的稳定性,同时未发芽和穗上发芽的水稻胚芽蛋白质也具有各自的特异性。从图谱中得到50个差异表达的蛋白质,其等电点多集中在pH5.0-6.5之间,分子量多集中在14.4-67.0ku之间。这些差异蛋白的分析结果为今后进一步研究水稻穗上发芽的分子机理奠定了试验基础。     

菜地重金属污染的标准值分析与治理对策

参照通用标准值,检测与评价福州市郊22个蔬菜地土样的镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)4种重金属,从污染范围和程度上阐明蔬菜基地污染现状。结果表明,Pb,As未超标,污染指数分别为0.01～0.64和0.02～0.11;Cd的污染指数为0.17～29.0,但大多在6～10之间,表现出污染面广、污染程度重;Hg的污染指数为0.47～9.0,但大多为1.5,虽表现出污染面广,但污染程度相对较轻。由于这4种重金属之间并无显著的相关性(r<0.4),说明菜地重金属污染源的复杂性。灰色关联分析结果表明,菜体Cd含量与土壤Cd总量关联度最大(0.75067),菜体Pb含量与土壤pH关联度最大(0.70949),而菜体Hg,As含量与土壤有机质关联度最大(0.67921,0.76537),表明菜体某种重金属污染与否,除与土壤重金属含量有关外,还与不同土壤类型及其相关的理化性状有关。菜地污染标准值应以是否造成菜体污染为依据,即要将土壤重金属污染标准值与菜体重金属污染指标有机结合起来,并以此来合理评价菜地污染状况,提出因地制宜的治理菜体重金属污染方法。     

优质晚籼稻产量因素分析及育种应用探讨

对62份优质晚籼稻新品系产量因素进行相关分析和通径分析．结果表明：各产量因素与产量均呈正相关,其中穴穗数、结实率和穗长与产量的相关达极显著或显著水平;对产量的净贡献率大小依次为穴穗数(39．2％)、结实率(24．58％)、每穗总粒数(17．8％)、千粒重(15．37％)。株高和穗长作用极微弱且为负值。各产量因素问相互制约,相互促进。根据研究结果和育种实践,认为优质晚籼稻高产育种的主攻方向是提高穴穗数、结实率和总粒数;高产(产量在550kg／667m^2以上)结构模式应该是有效穗21—23万穗／667m^2,每穗总粒数160—175粒,结实率85％-90％,千粒重25—28g.     

Effect of pH on Structural Changes in Perch Hemoglobin that Can Alter Redox Stability and Heme Affinity

pH can be manipulated to alter the oxidative stability of fish-based foods during storage. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the ability of reduced pH to cause structural changes in fish hemoglobins that lead to enhanced oxidative degradation. Decreasing pH from 8.0 to 6.3 and 5.7 created a large channel for solvent entry into the heme crevice of perch hemoglobin beta chains. The proton-induced opening of this channel occurred between site CD3 and the heme-6-propionate. Solvent entry into the heme crevice can enhance metHb formation and hemin loss, processes that accelerate lipid oxidation. Reduced pH also decreased the distance between Ile at E11 in one of the alpha chains and the ligand above the heme iron atom. This sterically displaces O₂ and protonated O₂ which increases metHb formation. These studies demonstrate that pH reduction causes structural changes in perch hemoglobin which increase oxidative degradation of the heme pigment.     

玉米苗期磷效率相关根系分泌物的QTL定位

为了充分利用现有的遗传信息和基因资源,揭示玉米磷营养高效的分子机制,本研究以磷高效玉米自交系082和磷低效玉米自交系掖107为亲本组配的F2世代为作图群体,采用SSR和AFLP分子标记构建了遗传连锁图,以两个时期,两个磷水平和两个地点共4种环境下的241个F2∶3家系各性状的平均值作为表型值,采用复合区间作图法定位了磷效率相关的3种根系分泌物的QTL。四种环境下检测表明,(1)检测到4个影响酸性磷酸酶活性的QTL,其中有两个QTL AP1-KXNP和AP9-KXNP被重复检测到,分别分布在第1和9二条染色体上,所在标记区间分别为bnlg1268a-umc1290a和P1M3/d-P1M3/g,在染色体上的位点分别为bin1.09和bin9.04,单个QTL解释酸性磷酸酶变异的9%～16%,2个QTL共解释酸性磷酸酶变异的25%;(2)检测到5个影响有机酸含量的QTL,其中只有1个在两种环境下被重复检测到,位于第9染色体上,标记区间为P1M3/f-P1M7/g,在染色体上的位点为bin9.03;(3)检测到5个影响H+含量的QTL,但没有一个被重复检测到。结果表明,影响酸性磷酸酶活性的两个QTL AP1-KXN...     

Influence of in-house produced biochars on cracks and retained water during drying-wetting cycles: comparison between conventional plant,animal, and nano-biochars

Purpose

Biochars produced from different feedstocks (such as wood, pig manure) possess varying physical and chemical properties, which have influence on crack and evaporation rate of biochar-amended soil (BAS). Furthermore, influence of compaction state and drying-wetting cycles on evaporation rate and cracking of BAS has not been investigated comprehensively. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biochar types, compaction state of BAS, and drying-wetting cycles on crack propagation and retained water (or evaporation rate).

Material and methods

An animal and plant feedstock-based biochars were produced in-house from pig manure (PM) and wood (W), respectively. In addition, nano structured chalk and wheat biochar (CWB) were also produced. Soil amended with individual biochars was compacted in petri-glass discs at two densities. Disc specimens were subjected to multiple drying-wetting cycles, and evaporation rate of specimens and crack area were monitored throughout the experimental period (70 days). Images were captured after every 24 h and processed using image processing technique to obtain the crack intensity factor (CIF).

Results and discussion

The results show that plant-based W BAS showed the high water retention, i.e., low evaporation rate and low CIF. Furthermore, the crack potential of CW BAS was seen to be higher. In dense compacted soil, maximum CIF% can be reduced from 3.9 to 0.4% for W BAS, from 3.9 to 1.7% for PM BAS, and from 3.9 to 1.6% for CW BAS.

Conclusion

WB was able to resist cracking more efficiently than other types of biochar. Evaporation was found to be minimal for plant-based W BAS at 10% biochar percentage. Higher biochar content in soil was seen to increase the water retention of BAS significantly. Dense state of BAS at high biochar content (i.e., 10%) was effective in reducing evaporation rate and crack progression.

     

半干旱黄土丘陵区不同植被类型的土壤水分特征及其稳定性

[目的]研究5种不同植被类型土壤水分动态特征,为区域内优化配植模式提供理论依据。[方法]以甘肃省定西市半干旱黄土丘陵区5种典型的植被类型为研究对象,使用土壤水分速测仪对2017,2018年0—200 cm土层土壤含水量进行观测,并对不同植被类型土壤水分特征及其稳定性进行分析。[结果]①不同植被类型土壤水分呈现出:山杏×侧柏混交林地(11.24%)退耕苜蓿草地(10.97%)自然荒地(10.66%)退耕林地(9.99%)柠条林地(9.55%)。②5种植被类型在0—200 cm土层依据有序聚类法可分为动态变化层(0—40 cm),利用层(40—100 cm)和弱利用层(100—200 cm)3个层次。在动态变化层(0—40 cm),土壤水分呈现出:自然荒地(14.23%)最高,柠条林地(11.04%)最低;在利用层(40—100 cm):退耕苜蓿草地(12.16%)最高,柠条林地(9.15%)最低;在弱利用层(100—200 cm):自然荒地(10.81%)最高,退耕林地(8.61%)最低。③不同植被类型土壤水分土层稳定性(变异系数)呈现出:退耕林地(19.9%)山杏×侧柏混交林地(21.3%)自然荒地(21.9%)退耕苜蓿草地(22.6%)柠条林地(23.6%)。④不同植被类型土壤水分时间稳定性(变异系数)呈现出:自然荒地(25%)退耕林地(25.2%)山杏×侧柏混交林地(26.5%)柠条林地(27.1%)退耕苜蓿草地(31.9%)。[结论]柠条林地土壤水分含量最低,在土层和时间上不稳定,山杏×侧柏混交林地较其他植被类型土壤水分含量更高,更具有稳定性。