恢复承德玉米制种基地的可行性分析

承德具有自然隔离条件好、气候类型丰富等独特的自然条件,曾是我国高粱和玉米“两杂”作物种子的主要生产基地之一.但由于受多种因素的影响,到20世纪中后期,种子生产基地面积逐步减少.分析了承德作为玉米制种基地的有利条件以及制约制种基地建设的主要因素,提出了适宜的基地建设规模.认为恢复承德玉米制种基地对于推动种子生产基地建设和管理、确保农业生产用种安全和种子业持续健康发展是十分必要和可行的.     

地衣芽孢杆菌抗菌肽的纯化及抗菌特性分析

从地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）LY12发酵液中分离纯化抗菌肽,并得到抗菌肽抗菌特性。通过超滤、(DEAE-Sepharose FF离子交换层析、Sephadex G-15分子筛凝胶过滤层析、反向高效液相色谱（RT-HPLC）等方法纯化该抗菌肽。LC-ESI-MS质谱显示抗菌肽分子量为2750.785Da,同Tricine SDS-PAGE分析结果基本一致。体外抗菌试验结果显示,抗菌肽LYF12能够抑制丝状真菌、细菌的生长。对枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）、铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）、金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、藤黄微球菌（Micrococcus aureus）、蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）、副溶血性弧菌（Vibrio parachaemolyticus）的最低抑菌浓度分别为9.8、19.8、20.7、7.2、9.6、10.2 和15.7μg/ml。抗菌肽显示出对革兰氏阴性细菌、革兰氏阳性细菌及真菌具有较好的抗菌效果。从地衣芽孢杆菌LY12分离的抗菌肽在食品防腐中具有潜在的应用价值。     

Cotton Chemical Topping by Applying DPC in Different Cotton-Growing Regions

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm^－2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm^－2 or 270 g·hm^－2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm^－2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm^－2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm^－2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm^－2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm^－2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping.     

平房仓横向通风技术在玉米储藏上的应用研究

为了研究平房仓横向通风技术在玉米储藏上的应用效果,明确玉米储藏过程横向通风工艺及其参数,利用高大平房仓中设计安装的横向通风设施,以及在储藏玉米粮堆中预埋的插入式毕托管,对高大平房仓横向通风系统进行实仓测试。全面开展了玉米储藏过程中横向通风工艺应用研究,测试了在横向通风系统通风时,风速、风量、系统各部分阻力和粮堆压力分布。研究发现,在储藏玉米的高大平房仓中应用横向通风系统时,粮堆单位粮层阻力较小,在实用单位通风量时,横向通风系统总阻力不大于1200Pa;同时横向通风还具有风量分配均匀、粮堆通风均匀性良好的特点。该研究为玉米在配备横向通风系统的高大平房仓储藏提供了技术支持。     

春播谷子成熟期抗倒伏性研究

试验以长谷4号、长生13和晋谷21为材料,在成熟期（乳熟期、蜡熟期和完熟期）测定7个性状指标,分析其与倒伏性的关系。结果表明,3个品种的倒伏指数均以黄熟期最大,乳熟期最小;从基部第2节间~第6节间,倒伏指数依次增加,抗倒伏性依次降低。相关性分析表明,基部第2节间倒伏指数与重心高度和单株穗鲜重呈显著正相关,与株高、单株鲜重和基部第2节间长度呈正相关,与基部第2节间直径和基部第2节间机械强度呈负相关,但都未达到显著水平。通径分析结果表明,各性状对倒伏指数的直接影响从大到小排序为：基部第2节间机械强度、单株鲜重、重心高度、株高、基部第2节间直径、基部第2节间长度和单株穗鲜重。由研究结果可见,基部第2节间机械强度和重心高度可作为评价谷子成熟期抗倒伏性的通用指标,对选育抗倒伏谷子新品种具有重要指导意义。     

深澳湾表层底质沉积物中凯氏氮和总磷的时空分布及与周边地区的比较

氮和磷是近海网箱养殖系统重要的生源要素之一,为探究深澳湾表层底质沉积物中氮磷等元素的分布和变化规律,于2007年和2008年对粤东深澳湾表层底质沉积物中凯氏氮和总磷的含量进行每月一次的采样调查。结果显示,表层沉积物中凯氏氮的变化范围分别为0.533-2.038 mg/g,无显著性季节差异,但空间变化很明显;总磷的变化范围为0.042-2.085 mg/g,无显著性季节差异,但2007年底质中的含量明显高于2008年,且空间差异明显。在对深澳湾进行底质采样调查的同时也对达濠高位江蓠养殖区进行了调查,同时比对其他学者对柘林湾养殖区的研究数据,发现深澳湾养殖区氮磷含量要低于以上两处养殖区,且深澳湾底质中氮磷的含量主要与人类活动的密集程度有关。     

茶皂素的陶瓷膜纯化工艺优化及脱色研究

茶皂素是一种性能优良的天然非离子型表面活性剂,但目前使用的多为粗提物,纯度不高且含有大量色素,水溶液颜色较深,严重影响其应用范围。通过正交试验对茶皂素的纯化工艺进行了优化,结果表明,在0.05μm的膜孔径、0.1 MPa的操作压力和1%的料液质量分数下,样品纯度由原先的不到50%提高到83%,得率为69%。对油茶皂苷的脱色工艺进行了研究,确定了最佳工艺条件为:H2O2加入量9%,料液质量分数10%,pH值9,脱色温度70℃,脱色时间30 min,工艺简单易行,适宜工业化生产。     

苦荞麦脱壳工艺及主要参数的优化

为了提高苦荞产品脱壳的成品率,采用砂盘式、蒸汽润湿-砂盘式和蒸汽润湿-橡胶盘式脱壳方法,就影响脱壳的因素进行了试验对比。试验结果表明,在室温条件下,润湿时间为40s,磨盘间隙为2.4mm,转速为1311r/min,工作面宽度为5cm,对苦荞进行脱壳,整半仁率可达到37.6%。     

轴流泵内流场的数值模拟与实验

基于Navier-Stokes方程组和标准R-ε紊流模型,采用SIMPLEC算法在商用软件CFX平台上对轴流泵叶轮内流场进行数值模拟.计算得到泵的性能曲线与性能实验的结果比较吻合;并将90%叶高和出口叶轮根部位置得到的相对速度和流线的分布与PIV测量结果进行了比较,两者能较好地符合,从而证明了数值计算的有效性和准确性.分析了轴流泵在不同流量工况下的内流场的流动结构及造成效率降低的原因,其结果可以为轴流泵的内流分析和性能改善提供参考.     

双跨转子—轴承系统松动—碰摩耦合故障的非线性特性

建立了带有基础松动-碰摩耦合故障的具有三轴承支承的双跨弹性转子系统的动力学模型,并对系统非线性动力学特性进行了数值仿真研究.耦合故障转子系统周期运动失稳转速介于松动和碰摩单一故障之间;随着轴承松动支座质量的增加,当转子低频运转时,系统响应的混沌运动区间先增大,以后逐渐减小;在高转速区域(超临界转速区),拟周期运动消失,混沌运动区域逐渐减小,周期分频运动区域增加,且会出现明显的周期3运动区间.