高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪肝中苯并咪唑类药物及其代谢物的残留量

建立了猪肝中阿苯哒唑及其代谢物阿苯哒唑砜、阿苯哒唑亚砜、2-氨基阿苯哒唑砜,噻苯哒唑及其代谢物5-羟基噻苯哒唑,甲苯哒唑及其代谢物氨基甲苯哒唑、5-羟基甲苯哒唑,芬苯哒唑及其代谢物芬苯哒唑砜、等效物奥芬哒唑,氟苯哒唑及其代谢物2-氨基-氟苯哒唑共14种苯并咪唑类药物及其代谢物残留检测的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品用乙酸乙酯提取,MCX固相萃取柱净化。Waters Xterra C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,5μm)分离,流动相A相为0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液;B相为0.1%甲酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,外标法定量。结果表明,14种苯并咪唑类药物及其代谢物标准溶液在10~1 000 ng/mL的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,R2均大于0.99,方法检测限为5μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg,14种苯并咪唑类药物及其代谢物在10~200μg/kg添加浓度范围内回收率均70%~120%之间。批内、批间相对标准偏差均小于20%。本方法灵敏、准确,满足食品安全检测法规的要求。     

微量元素铜在现代乳业生产中的应用

自1928年人们发现铜是日粮组成所必需的成分以后,直到1950年关于铜在动物营养中的重要作用才逐渐被查明,因此,微量元素铜营养的研究也逐渐被重视.反刍动物铜营养的研究主要以牛羊为主,近年来随着奶牛业的飞速发展,奶牛微量元素铜的研究进入了一个新时期.目前,在我国畜牧业内部战略性结构调整中,奶牛被突出列为加快发展的重大项目[1].这意味着今后我国食品市场对牛奶的需求量将与日俱增,有着广阔的发展前景.     

荒漠草原不同利用条件下短花针茅贮藏性碳水化合物的对比

在不同利用条件下(休牧40d、休牧50d、休牧60d、自由放牧、禁牧)对荒漠草原短花针茅贮藏性碳水化合物进行了动态监测,并采用最优母序列关联分析探讨了荒漠草原不同利用条件下短花针茅贮藏性碳水化合物的年度内及年际间的差异,结果表明:试验期年度内和年际间不同利用条件下短花针茅还原糖含量波动均较大;休牧40d短花针茅总糖含量较高,休牧60d次之,休牧50d短花针茅总糖含量较低,但还原糖含量较高;还原糖与总糖比值的变化较还原糖含量、总糖含量稳定;休牧50d有利于短花针茅植物种群生长发育和种群繁衍.     

呼伦贝尔草甸草原群落特征对不同放牧制度的响应

对呼伦贝尔草甸草原划区轮牧和自由放牧两种放牧制度植物群落特征进行了比较研究.结果表明:羊草的密度在自由放牧区显著高于划区轮牧区,高度、盖度不同放牧处理之间差异不明显;贝加尔针茅高度和盖度轮牧区显著高于自由放牧区,密度对照区显著高于两放牧处理区;苔草高度、盖度和密度自由放牧区高于划区轮牧区.Margalef丰富度指数、S...     

Evaluation of in vitro chemosensitivity of vaccine-associated feline sarcoma cell lines to vincristine and paclitaxel

OBJECTIVE: To determine the in vitro sensitivity of 4 vaccine-associated feline sarcoma (VAFS) cell lines to the chemotherapeutic agents vincristine and paclitaxel. SAMPLE POPULATION: Cell lines derived from 4 VAFS specimens. PROCEDURES: Cell lines were cultured in vitro and individually exposed to various concentrations of vincristine and paclitaxel. Survival was estimated after 24 and 72 hours of exposure to each drug, and the drug concentrations that resulted in 50 and 90% reduction in number of viable cells (IC50 and IC90, respectively) were calculated. RESULTS: Both vincristine and paclitaxel had significant dose-dependent effects on the viability of the VAFS cell lines. After 72 hours of drug exposure, the IC50 and IC90 of vincristine for the 4 cell lines were between 0.005 to 0.039 microg/ml and 0.045 to 1.027 microg/ml, respectively. The IC50 and IC90 values for paclitaxel were between 0.037 to 0.092 microg/ml and 2.450 to 15.413 microg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Results of pharmacokinetic studies on vincristine and paclitaxel in other species suggest that concentrations greater than the IC50 values may be possible for both drugs in feline patients as well. The drug concentrations at which viable cell numbers were reduced by 90% may also be attained in vivo for some cases, but detailed information is needed regarding the distribution, concentration, duration of availability, and toxicity of various drugs in cats. Carefully chosen combinations of antineoplastic agents need to be screened to identify treatment protocols that may be further evaluated clinically for the treatment of VAFS.     

基于当量因子法的甘肃省草原生态系统服务价值评估

天然草原是甘肃省最大陆地生态系统,是全省乃至全国的重要生态屏障,科学、准确地估算甘肃省天然草原生态系统服务价值,对甘肃草原重要性认识和生态安全维持具有重要意义.本研究利用甘肃省主要粮食作物产量和价格数据,计算出甘肃省生态系统服务价值基准单价,然后结合甘肃省各种草原类生物量,修正甘肃省草原生态系统服务价值当量,最后计算出甘肃省各类草原生态系统服务价值.结果表明:1)草原提供的其他单项生态系统服务价值均在食物生产和原材料生产价值的3.1倍和3.7倍以上;2)甘肃省暖性灌草丛单位面积生态服务价值最高,为84418.28元·hm?2,温性荒漠单位面积生态服务价值最低,为10120.21元·hm?2;3)甘肃省草原生态服务总价值为7069.73×108元,是2016年畜牧业总产值的23倍,约等于甘肃省2016年国民生产总值(gross domestic product,GDP);4)高寒草甸生态系统服务总价值最高,为1733.27×108元,占草原生态系统服务价值的24.52％;高寒荒漠生态系统服务总价值最低,为58.51×108元,占草原生态服务价值的0.83％.本研究不仅为区域内生态系统服务价值的估算提供了思路,也为利用法律手段保护草原提供了科学依据.     

Seroprevalence of chlamydial infection in dairy cattle in Guangzhou, southern China

Chlamydia spp. are obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria that cause a wide range of significant diseases in humans and animals worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses. Chlamydial infection in cattle has been reported in many countries including China. However, there has been no survey of chlamydial infection of dairy cattle in Guangzhou, southern China. The objective of the present investigation was to examine the chlamydial seroprevalence in dairy cattle in Guangzhou, subtropical southern China by using an indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). The overall seroprevalence of chlamydial infection in dairy cattle was 7.25% (29/400). Greater than or equal to eight-yr-old dairy cattle had the highest seroprevalence (10.34%), followed by those that were ≥ 6 years old or < 7 years old dairy cattle (10.20%), although there were no statistically significant differences among different groups (P > 0.05). Dairy cattle with 5 pregnancies had the highest seroprevalence (10.81%). These results indicate that chlamydial infection was present in dairy cattle in Guangzhou, subtropical southern China, and integrated strategies and measures should be executed to control and prevent chlamydial infection and disease outbreak in the study region.     

放牧绵羊消化器官的发育性变化

为了研究羔羊消化器官的发育性变化,以0～56日龄甘肃高山细毛羊放牧绵羊为研究对象,采用大体解剖学方法测定了放牧条件下0、3、7、14、21、28、42、56日龄羔羊瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、前胃、总胃重量、容积以及各胃室内容物重量,胰腺、肝脏重量,十二指肠、空肠、回肠重量及长度的变化情况。结果表明,随羔羊日龄增大各消化器官和消化腺绝对重量都在增大;瘤胃重量和容积随羔羊日龄增大而显著增加(P<0.05),7日龄开始瘤胃内容物及瓣胃重量、网胃容积显著增大;28日龄开始小肠总长基本维持恒定,大约为体长的25倍。羔羊食入牧草可明显刺激瘤胃的发育。     

牛垂体细胞体外培养条件下催乳素分泌的调节—TRH、 GnRH、LH和PRL的影响

利用牛垂体细胞体外无血清培养技术,研究了促甲状腺素释放素(TRH)、促性腺激素释放素(GnRH)、促黄体激素(LH)和催乳素(PRL)对牛垂体细胞PRL分泌的调节。细胞在培养箱内预培养24小时后开始各项处理,以后隔24小时采集培养液一次,并换新的相同处理的培养液。结果表明:GnRH和TRH在第一次处理时均能显著增加PRL的分泌。加入1、10、100ng/ml的GnRH可使PRL分泌量分别增加53％(P<0.05)、111％(P<0.01)和60％(P<0.01),而TRH只有在10、100ng/ml的剂量时明显引起PRL释放增加(P<0.01)。第二次处理时细胞对TRH的反应消失,但对GnRH的反应却发生了逆转,PRL分别降低了70％(P<0.05)、68％(P<0.05)和73％(P<0.05)。表明GnRH和TRH在培养初期具有促进垂体细胞释放PRL的作用。LH(1、10、100ng/ml)对牛垂体细胞PRL的分泌无影响。但LH和TRH合用时,100ng/ml LH可明显地降低由TRH引起的PRL分泌(P<0.05)。PRL本身对牛垂体细胞的分泌有自我调节作用,100、1000ng/ml的PRL处理细胞使其分泌的PRL显著下降,分别降低70％(P<0.05)和100％(P<0.001)。此外1000ng/ml的PRL可显著地抑制由GnRH在第一次处理时引起的PRL释放。本实验在垂体细胞水平说明多种激素对PRL的分泌调节具有调控作用。     

乳牛口服过量维生素A对维生素D3及钙磷代谢的影响

从北京郊区某农场选取１０头健康成年黑白花乳牛，随机分为试验（５头，每周每头口服维生素Ａ１００万单位）和对照（５头，不作任何处理）两组。８周以后检测发现，试验组血清钙和无机磷水平呈下降趋势；尾椎骨皮质变薄，密度下降，呈现骨质吸收现象；血清碱性磷酸酶显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）；其活性代谢产物２５－羟维生素Ｄ３（２５－ＯＨ－Ｄ３）极显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）；１，２５－二羟维生素Ｄ３［１，２５－（ＯＨ）２－