Comparative Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Taste Variations among Three Selected Wampee Cultivars

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Sugars and acids of wampee predominantly influence consumer taste preference and its commercial value. The molecular basis of taste variations is currently unknown...     

基于EXCITE TD软件的发动机前端附件轮系分析

基于EXCITE TD软件对某型柴油机前端附件轮系进行建模仿真,得到了该机型在不同转速下的V带滑动率、V带振幅、张紧轮摆动角度等动力学数据,并通过评价指标对该V带轮系进行了性能评估。     

Up-regulated expression of PD-1 and its ligands during acute Classical Swine Fever virus infection in swine

In order to investigate the relationship between the PD-1 pathway and impairment of immune responses with the CSFV infection, the mRNA expression of PD-1 and its ligands were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) during artificial CSFV infection. Simultaneously, expression of IL-2 and IL-10 mRNA were detected. The T cell proliferation and CSFV load in plasma were also measured. Results showed that the expression of PD-1 and its ligands mRNA were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in PBMC from 3 to 7 days post infection (dpi). Meanwhile the level of IL-10 was up-regulated (p < 0.01). The IL-2 mRNA was not obviously changed but it is significantly increased from 14 dpi. The T cell proliferation was notably decreased at 7 dpi. The CSFV load was also increased in plasma. Overall, our results suggest that the expression of PD-1 and its ligands were up-regulated and probably correlated with immune inhibition during acute CSFV infection.     

杭州市场茶饮料产品种类及其构成分析

近年来随着我国社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，具有天然、方便、健康、快捷等特点的茶饮料产品得到消费者的欢迎和亲睐，成为软饮料市场的主力军。虽然我国茶饮料工业起步较晚，但产销量和市场份额得到快速增长，年产销量已超过400万吨。     

Long‐term ingestion of low amylose/amylopectin ratio diet affects aspects of meat quality by changing muscle fibre characteristics in growing‐finishing pigs

Amylose plays important role in body health. It is controversial whether changing dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio (DAR) will improve meat quality in growing‐finishing pigs. A total of 48 Duroc × Landrace × Large White castrated male pigs (initial body weight 49.8 ± 2.8 kg) were randomly allotted to two treatments, and fed ad libitum either with a low DAR diet (LR, amylose/amylopectin: 12/88) or a high DAR diet (HR, amylose/amylopectin: 30/70) for 68 days. Feed intake was recorded every day, body weight was weighed at 46th and 68th day to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and Feed:gain ratio. Blood was collected at ?30 min (fasting 12 hr), 60, 90, 120, 180 min postprandial at 64th day and then serum was obtained by centrifugation of blood at 1,500× g at 4°C. After pigs were slaughtered, samples such as longissimus dorsi, iliopsoas and semitendinosus were collected. Density, diameter and types of muscle fibres were analysed. Results showed that ADG, ADFI, Feed:Gain ratio, cross‐sectional area of longissimus dorsi muscle, backfat thickness, colour scores were not affected by DAR. Ingestion of LR diet increased the fasting glucose (p < 0.05) and insulin (p < 0.05) concentrations in serum. The drip loss and firmness were decreased significantly in LR vs. HR animals (p < 0.05). Densities of muscle fibre in longissimus dorsi, iliopsoas and semitendinosus were greater in LR pigs (p < 0.05). Moreover, ingestion of LR diet significantly increased myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIa mRNA level and decreased MyHC IIb gene expression in longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) (p < 0.05). Therefore, intake of diet low in amylose/amylopectin ratio induces a better meat quality (lower drip loss and lower firmness), which could attribute to smaller myofibres, a shift to slower and/or more oxidative fibres.     

玉米丸粒化种子的薄层干燥试验及其干燥模型

玉米丸粒化种子刚制成后其含水率比较大，必须及时干燥。其干燥工艺的合理选择对提高干燥效率，减少能耗，保证质量非常重要。采用正交试验的方法，对玉米丸粒化种子进行了3因素3水平的干燥试验，得出其干燥曲线为指数曲线，并分析各试验因素对干燥特性的影响。同时对不同风温下的干燥曲线进行了模型比较，采用多元线性回归分析程序，经拟合得出适合于玉米丸粒化种子的数学模型为Page模型。玉米丸粒化种子干燥特性不同于非丸粒化种子，丸粒化种子有其特定的薄层干燥方程。该模型能较好地预测各干燥阶段的干燥速率及含湿量，确定合理的干燥工艺以便调控干燥环境，达到高效低耗的目的。     

野生胶红酵母糖苷酶水解媚丽新酒中香气糖苷研究

实验分离提取杨凌媚丽葡萄新酒中的香气糖苷,添加优选野生胶红酵母的糖苷酶液,进行催化水解实验,萃取水解生成的品种香气成分,进行GC-MS检测分析。以杏仁β-糖苷酶、黑曲霉果胶酶、La Fort商业果胶酶作催化比较实验。结果表明,杏仁β-糖苷酶标准品催化水解生成的游离香气成分种类和含量最多,其次是野生胶红酵母酶液和黑曲霉果胶酶。酶促水解生成的游离成分中,萜烯类和去甲类异戊二烯化合物能够赋予葡萄酒果香和花香,微量的酚酸酯可增加香气的复杂性,而含量很高的脂肪族类化合物和挥发性酚类会带给葡萄酒不良气味。因此,具有中等催化水解香气糖苷能力的野生胶红酵母的糖苷酶具有良好的增香酿造应用潜力。     

异色瓢虫对雪松长足大蚜的捕食作用

为明确异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis对雪松长足大蚜Cinara cedri的捕食能力,采用捕食功能反应方法在室内测定了异色瓢虫各龄幼虫和成虫对雪松长足大蚜4龄若蚜的捕食功能反应、寻找效应、种内干扰效应及环境温度对其捕食能力的影响。结果显示:异色瓢虫各龄幼虫和成虫对雪松长足大蚜若蚜的捕食功能反应类型均属于Holling II型,成虫对雪松长足大蚜的捕食能力强于幼虫,幼虫的捕食能力随虫龄的增大而增强,1～4龄幼虫及成虫的日最大捕食量分别是11.41、41.32、61.73、140.85、188.68头;异色瓢虫1～4龄幼虫及成虫对雪松长足大蚜4龄若蚜的寻找效应随猎物密度的增加而下降,二者之间呈线性相关,相关系数为0.9758～0.9993,其中2龄幼虫的搜寻效应随猎物密度的增加,下降趋势最大,成虫则下降趋势最小;异色瓢虫成虫的捕食受到较强的种内干扰,在猎物密度和捕食空间一定的情况下,单头日平均捕食量随其自身密度的增加而降低,二者间关系符合模型A=58.8391x~(-0.3313);异色瓢虫的捕食受环境温度影响明显,在15～35℃范围内,其成虫对雪松长足大蚜的捕食量先增加后减少,25℃是异色瓢虫最适宜的捕食温度。表明异色瓢虫对雪松长足大蚜有很强的捕食能力,尤其是成虫和高龄幼虫,但应用时还需考虑温度因素的影响。     

Dietary amylose and amylopectin ratio and resistant starch content affects plasma glucose,lactic acid,hormone levels and protein synthesis in splanchnic tissues

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding different starch sources on piglets. Four diets were formulated with maize, brown rice, sticky rice and Hi‐Maize 1043 as starch sources, with resistant starch (RS) contents of 2.3%, 0.9%, 0.0%, 20.6%, and amylose and amylopectin ratio of 0.23%, 0.21%, 0.18%, 0.06% respectively. Fifty‐six pigs weaned at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to one of the four diets. In Exp. 1, six piglets in each group were fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter. After 25 days of feeding trial, venous blood samples were obtained at time zero and every 1 h for 4 h. In Exp. 2, the remaining piglets were used to determine the effects of different starch sources on the fractional synthesis rate (FSR). The results indicated that feeding the Hi‐Maize 1043 diet decreased (p < 0.05) plasma contents of glucose, insulin, lactic acid and T₃, while sticky rice increased plasma contents of glucose and insulin. The insulin contents in piglets fed the sticky rice diet was 69.2 μIU/ml at 1 h post‐feeding which was highest among the starch diets. The FSR in the pancreas, spleen, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon in the corn group were much higher (p < 0.05) than that in the sticky rice group. These results suggest that RS is potentially beneficial for improving insulin sensitivity in young pigs and that the ratio of amylose and amylopectin have significantly effects on the FSR in splanchnic tissues in weaned piglets. Another finding of this study indicated maize with a ratio of amylose and amylopectin of 0.23 has the best starch sources for pig production.     

抽屉式生物滤器在漠斑牙鲆循环水养殖中的效果研究

采用自行设计的抽屉式生物滤器应用于漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)闭合循环水养殖系统,研究其对循环养殖水的处理效果及漠斑牙鲆的增重和饲料利用率的影响。结果表明:经过60 d的循环水养殖,漠斑牙鲆从初始时的(225.4±11.9)g增加到结束时的(337.5±10.3)g,增重率49.97%;试验饲料系数1.06,养殖密度24.1 kg/m3,成活率100%;抽屉式生物滤器对于NH4+-N、NO2--N和COD去除率分别为(10.61±1.88)%、(14.90±3.06)%和(16.11±1.70)%,可满足漠斑牙鲆养殖水体的水质要求。