葡萄贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

葡萄是我国五大水果之一,其贮藏保鲜对我国葡萄产业的发展至关重要。从葡萄采收期、贮藏温度、冷藏、冰温贮藏、辐照处理、保鲜剂应用、气调贮藏等几个方面对生产与研究中葡萄贮藏保鲜技术进行了比较与分析,总结出系统的葡萄贮藏保鲜技术及葡萄贮藏保鲜的研究现状与发展方向,为葡萄的贮藏保鲜研究与生产应用提供借鉴。     

香菇杂交新菌株1363号的选育研究

采用单孢杂交的方法培育出香菇新菌株 136 3号。它具有产量高 ,质量好 ,遗传性状稳定 ,抗逆性状强等优点。     

适宜设施栽培番茄新品种——渝红6 号

 ‘渝红6号’番茄是新育成的一代杂种, 自封顶类型, 生长势强, 叶片肥大, 叶色浓绿, 不卷叶, 不早衰; 果面光滑, 无绿果肩, 成熟果红色, 平均单果质量230 g; 可溶性固形物含量5. 24%, 维生素C 含量0. 181 mg / g; 皮厚, 耐贮运; 中抗TMV, 抗枯萎病; 耐低温, 耐弱光; 适宜长江流域早熟大棚栽培和春秋露地栽培。     

2%甲嘧磷·马粉剂的气相色谱分析

本文采用5％OV-17为色谱柱固定相,以邻苯二甲酸二正戊酯为内标物,用FID检测器对2％甲嘧磷 马粉剂进行定量分析,甲基嘧啶磷、马拉硫磷的标准偏差分别为0.027、0.011,变异系数分别为2.40％、0.99％; 甲基嘧啶磷回收率为99.5％-100.3％,马拉硫磷的回收率为98.9％～99.8％o该方法方便、快捷、准确。     

番茄新品种渝粉109的选育

在广泛引进的国内外材料杂交后代中，经多代系统选育，从中筛选出生长势强、抗病、果大、果肉厚的稳定株系ZS－4－1－1－3－4为母本，732－3－2－5－1为父本，经组合力测定、品比试验、生产试验和示范，选育出早中熟、无限生长类型、成熟果粉红色、无绿果肩、大果、抗病、耐贮运的一代杂种－渝粉109。     

一个马铃薯Y病毒山东分离物的分离与鉴定

 从具有典型花叶症状的马铃薯叶片中分离到马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)(本文称PVY-SD-TA分离物),扩繁后,提纯病毒,电镜下可观察到700~900 nm×11 nm的病毒粒体,病组织超薄切片观察可见风轮状的内含体结构,寄主反应特性研究表明其能侵染2科13种植物。SDS-PAGE电泳检测病毒编码的外壳蛋白亚基的分子量为33 kDa。以PVY-SD-TA基因组RNA为模板,应用RT-PCR方法和特异引物合成了外壳蛋白基因。对cDNA全序列分析表明,PVY-SD-TA CP基因核苷酸序列与N株系的同源性为96%,与GenBank中登录序列号为AJ390306的O株系分离物的同源性最高,为99%;与国内不同学者报道的PVY中国流行株的同源性分别为96%,97%和98%。通过以上生物学特性和分子水平的研究将PVY-SD-TA鉴定为普通株系(PVY^O株系)。     

重组鸡IL-2增强鸡四联灭活苗免疫效果的研究

使用在原核表达系统中表达的重组鸡白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )蛋白 ,经过初步的分离纯化 ,与鸡新城疫 禽流感 法氏囊 传染性支气管炎四联油乳剂灭活苗同时使用 ,检测其对疫苗的免疫增强效果。试验共分 5组 ,每组 1 0只鸡。其中对照组只注射四联油乳剂灭活苗 ;4个试验组 ,在注射疫苗的同时分别注射重组鸡IL 2蛋白 0 0 5mg、 0 0 1mg、 0 1 5mg、 0 2 0mg。试验组与对照组同时各注射新城疫等多联油苗 0 5mL。采用HA、HI试验测定鸡新城疫、禽流感抗体滴度。结果表明 :重组鸡IL 2对该四联油乳剂灭活苗有较强的免疫增强作用。以第 3、 4组的增强效果较为明显 ,其中对鸡新城疫病毒和禽流感抗原的抗体效价 ,与对照组相比分别提高 2 42 8和 2 2 3 0个滴度。重组鸡IL 2在使用的过程中 ,没有发现任何毒副作用 ,证明是一种安全高效的免疫增强剂。     

The complete mitochondrial genome and molecular phylogeny of Lueyang black-bone chicken

ABSTRACT

1. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the mitochondrial genome and molecular phylogeny of Lueyang black-bone chicken, and provide molecule base to preserve and explore the specific chicken strain.

2. Based on sequencing and clustering, the complete mitochondrial DNA map and sequences of Lueyang black-bone chicken were revealed, and two phylogenetic trees of Lueyang black-bone chickens based on D-loop sequences and the mitochondrial genome were constructed.

3. The results showed that the complete mitochondrial genome of Lueyang black-bone chickens is 16,784bp in size, consisting of 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and one non-coding control region. The base composition of the complete mtDNA sequence is 30.28% for A, 23.78% for T, 32.42% for C, 13.52% for G. Additionally, 10 haplotypes of D-loop sequences in 32 Lueyang black-bone chickens were detected, which were distributed into 4 clades (A, B, C and E).

4. It was concluded that genetic diversity is wide in Lueyang black-bone chickens, and this strain has multiple maternal origins from different regions in China and neighbouring regions.     

Branched‐chain amino acid ratios in low‐protein diets regulate the free amino acid profile and the expression of hepatic fatty acid metabolism‐related genes in growing pigs

Liver metabolism is affected by nutrients. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of low‐protein diets (17% crude protein, CP) supplemented with branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val), on hepatic amino acid profile and lipid metabolism in growing pigs. The ratio of Leu : Ile : Val in all groups was 1 : 0.51 : 0.63 (20% crude protein, CP), 1 : 1 : 1 (17% CP), 1 : 0.75 : 0.75 (17% CP), 1 : 0.51 : 0.63 (17% CP) and 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 (17% CP) respectively. Results revealed that compared to the positive control group (1 : 0.51 : 0.63, 20% CP), the low‐protein diets significantly augmented the concentrations of most essential amino acids and non‐essential amino acids (p < .05), with the greatest values observed in the 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 group. Moreover, relative to the control, the low‐protein diets with the Leu : Ile : Val ratio ranging from 1 : 0.75 : 0.75 to 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 markedly downregulated the mRNA abundance of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP‐4) (p < .05), and upregulated the mRNA expression of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐g coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (L‐CPT‐1) (p < .05). Therefore, our data suggest that protein‐restricted diets supplemented with optimal BCAA ratio, that is, 1 : 0.75 : 0.75–1 : 0.25 : 0.25, induce a shift from fatty acid synthesis to fatty acid oxidation in the liver of growing pigs. These effects may be associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis.