小流量与大流量滴灌带对大豆生长及产量的影响

本研究在一膜一管四行大豆膜下滴灌的栽培模式下采用小管径小流量φ12-1.6L/h滴灌带与常规大管径大流量φ16-2.8L/h滴灌带对膜下滴灌大豆进行了4个主要性状指标的综合分析和评价。结果表明,φ16-2.8L/h滴灌带在干物质积累、叶面积指数、群体光合势、产量等方面均高于φ12-1.6L/h滴灌带。     

Comparative stability studies of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(ethylene glycol) brush coatings

Non-fouling surfaces that resist non-specific adsorption of proteins, bacteria, and higher organisms are of particular interest in diverse applications ranging from marine coatings to diagnostic devices and biomedical implants. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is the most frequently used polymer to impart surfaces with such non-fouling properties. Nevertheless, limitations in PEG stability have stimulated research on alternative polymers that are potentially more stable than PEG. Among them, we previously investigated poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOXA), a peptidomimetic polymer, and found that PMOXA shows excellent anti-fouling properties. Here, we compare the stability of films self-assembled from graft copolymers exposing a dense brush layer of PEG and PMOXA side chains, respectively, in physiological and oxidative media. Before media exposure both film types prevented the adsorption of full serum proteins to below the detection limit of optical waveguide in situ measurements. Before and after media exposure for up to 2 weeks, the total film thickness, chemical composition, and total adsorbed mass of the films were quantified using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS), respectively. We found (i) that PMOXA graft copolymer films were significantly more stable than PEG graft copolymer films and kept their protein-repellent properties under all investigated conditions and (ii) that film degradation was due to side chain degradation rather than due to copolymer desorption.     

白缘(鱼央)维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

从发病白缘(鱼央)病变组织分离纯化1株G^-细菌,经过染色镜检、生理生化试验、16S rDNA序列分析和动物试验鉴定为气单胞菌属维氏气单胞菌,并编号为LA201001。采用Kirby-Bauer法检测了维氏气单胞菌分离菌株对30种常用抗菌药敏感性。结果显示,维氏气单胞菌分离株LA201001对小鼠和白缘(鱼央)具有致病性,且耐药性较强,对强力霉素、四环素、复方阿莫西林、氨苄青霉素、头孢氨苄、头孢噻吩、卡那霉素等21种受试药物耐受,仅对庆大霉素、丁胺卡那、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和氧氟沙星5种受试药物敏感。     

旋耕机齿轮箱直齿圆柱齿轮的参数化设计

针对旋耕机带内花键的直齿圆柱齿轮齿廓结构复杂,在So1idWorks中三维建模步骤繁琐、效率低下的问题,建立其数学模型,通过录制宏、编辑宏的方法,编写了齿轮参数化建模的源程序。使用VB6.0软件设计人机交互界面,对编写的源程序进行调试与修改,实现对So1idWorks的二次开发,生成可执行程序文件,实现了输入旋耕机内花键直齿圆柱齿轮基本参数和输出其三维模型的功能,为进一步旋耕机整机的参数化设计提供依据。     

果实采摘机械手多关节求解方法与避障规划

以Motoman SV3X采摘果实为研究对象,在果实空间位置坐标和竖直类障碍物空间位姿已知的情况下,提出了一种机械手多关节角度计算和路径规划方法。首先根据果实位置和竖直类障碍物的分布计算出若干组机械手终点关节角度,然后选择其中一组作为终点角度,利用A*算法规划出一条机械手从初始角度到达终点角度的避障路径,解决了避障规划中的多关节角求解问题,规划方法对于竖直类障碍物的避碰路径规划具有一般性。Matlab仿真试验表明,求解的机械手关节角度能够避开竖直类障碍物,而且使末端执行器的位置在预设的误差范围内,验证了规划方法的正确性。     

JM-1400型卷绕式拾膜机的试验研究

膜下滴灌技术具有节水与增产等诸多优势,但由于残膜回收不净会带来"白色污染"的问题。按照将地膜"搂集成束"的思路,设计了JM-1400型卷绕式拾膜机。针对机车前进速度、集膜轮工作角度、起膜铲入土深度、两起膜铲横向距离和分膜铲入土深度等5个拾膜率影响因素进行试验研究,通过方差分析得到了影响拾膜率变化的3个主要因素,并找到各因素的分布范围。     

基于解域的四精确点球面4R机构函数综合

提出了一种基于解域的四精确点球面4R机构函数综合方法.首先通过相对运动转换将函数综合转换为位置综合.接着给出了球面布氏曲线的方程式及布氏点的计算和分类方法.最后通过具体的示例建立了机构类型解域,将无穷多机构解表示在有限的环形区域内,从而使设计者能够直观准确地了解机构的类型及其分布区间.     

超临界萃取技术在海洋水产的应用研究进展

超临界萃取技术作为一种新型“绿色”提取分离技术,具有分离效率高、溶解能力强、保持产品生物活性、提高产品提取率和纯度、操作简单等优点.本文介绍了超临界萃取技术的基本原理及特点,综述了该技术在海洋水产生物活性成分提取方面的研究现状,并展望了其在该领域的应用前景.     

Evaluation of pea proteins and poultry protein as fish meal alternatives in the diets for juvenile black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii

The potential of three different protein resources (pea protein isolate, PPI; pea protein concentrate, PPC; enzyme treated poultry protein, ETPP) as fish meal (FM) alternative protein in diets for juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. (initial average weight 7.90 ± 0.13 g) was evaluated. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace FM at 0% (T0, control diet), 8% (designated as T1‐T3) and 16% (designated as T4‐T6) using PPI, PPC and ETPP respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, survival rate was not significantly affected by dietary treatments. Growth performance in T6 (16% ETPP) group was significantly inferior to T0 group, however, weight gain and specific growth rate in other treatments showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Mean feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were also poorer in fish fed in T6 than those of fish fed with the control diet respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude protein for fish fed ETPP diets were significant lower than those of fish fed with the control diet, whereas ADCs of lipid were unaffected by dietary treatments. ADC's of dietary Leu, Ile, His and Lys was also significantly influenced. There were no marked variations in proximate compositions of dorsal muscle. With regard to plasma characteristics, significant difference was observed in triacylglycerol content. Ammonia concentration in plasma tended to increase in alternative protein diets as substitution level increased. There were significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase activities among groups, but alanine aminotransferase levels were unaffected by treatments. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PPI and PPC were potential protein sources for using in juvenile black sea bream diet. However, the substitution level of FM by ETPP should be limited within 16%.     

动物携带河豚毒素的分子机制与生态作用

河豚毒素在自然界中分布广泛,从微生物到植物、动物都有发现.除河豚外,河豚毒素还在节肢动物、棘皮动物、软体动物、蠕虫、蝾螈、青蛙等其他物种中都有不同含量的分布.不同动物产生、富集河豚毒素的机制可能存在很大差别,但是河豚毒素对其携带动物在自然选择进化中发挥着重大的作用.目前中国对河豚毒素的研究主要集中在河豚毒素的分离纯化、检测分析及抗体制备等方面,而对河豚毒素产生的分子机制及生态作用的研究还很少,文章通过综述国外对河豚毒素分子机制及生态作用的研究,进一步阐释动物携带河豚毒素的分子机制及河豚毒素对动物的重要生态作用.