Effect of protein on the detection of fluoroquinolone residues in fish meat

Using fish serum albumin (FSA) as the model protein, molecular fluorescence spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were applied to study the effect of protein on the extraction of fluoroquinolone (FQ) residues in fish meat. There was a strong interaction between FQs and protein through hydrogen bonds, which could be broken as protein degenerated with 60-100% (v/v) acetonitrile acid solution, and FQs bound with protein were released in various degrees. On the basis of the results, a novel sample preparation procedure loosely based on QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) methodology was developed for the determination of FQ residues in fish muscle samples, using 90% (v/v) acetonitrile acid solution as the extractant, combined with a dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) cleanup step. Mean recoveries of four FQs from spiked samples at a concentration range of 50-200 ng g(-1) were 73.3-95.9% with relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 10.7%.     

Growth kinetics of amyloid-like fibrils derived from individual subunits of soy β-conglycinin

The amyloid-like fibrillation of soy β-conglycinin subunits (α, α', and β) upon heating (0-20 h) at 85 °C and pH 2.0 was characterized using dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism (CD), binding to amyloid dyes (Thioflavin T and Congo red), and atomic force microscopy. The fibrillation of all three subunits was accompanied by progressive polypeptide hydrolysis. The hydrolysis behaviors, fibrillation kinetics, and morphologies of amyloid-like fibrils considerably varied among α, α', and β subunits. Faster hydrolysis rates and special fragments were observed for the α and α' subunits compared to the β subunit. However, the order of the fibrillation rate and capacity to form β-sheets was α' > β > α, as evidenced by CD and Thioflavin T data. Moreover, sequential growth of twisted screw-structure fibrils, leading to macroscopic fibrils with distinct morphological characteristics, was observed for β-conglycinin and individual subunits. The different fibrillation kinetics and morphologies of α, α', and β subunits appear to be associated with the differences in the amino acid composition and typical sequence of peptides. Besides, the disruption of ordered structure of fibrils occurred upon further heating (6-20 h) due to extensive hydrolysis. These results would suggest that all subunits are involved in the fibrillation of β-conglycinin, following multiple steps including polypeptide hydrolysis, assembly to amyloid structure, and growth into macroscopic fibrils with a fibril shaving process.     

基于无线传感网络的耕种机具空间力监测系统开发与试验

针对实时监测耕种机具作业中所受空间力大小,该文提出了一种能够在现场和远程实时监测耕种机具受力情况并带有提示报警的监测系统。该系统采用基于Zigbee的WSN（wireless sensor network）完成数据的采集和近程传输,采用嵌入式处理器ARM11作为现场监测终端的中央处理单元CPU,并搭建WinCE6.0操作系统,完成数据交换、处理和监测报警等功能。通过安装在耕种机具上的测力传感器,实现对耕种机具受力情况的实时检测。经土槽试验测试,系统实现了耕种机具空间力的实时监测以及监测数据的存储,人机界面交互性良好,可为耕种机具的研究设计提供技术支持。     

太湖地区氮磷肥施用对稻田氨挥发的影响

在太湖地区乌栅土上,采用田间小区试验连续两年研究了施氮(N)量为0、180、255、330kg hm-2,施磷(P2O5)量为0、309、0、180 kg hm-2的6个组合(对照N0P0、低氮N180P90、优化N255P90、低磷N255P30、高磷N255P180、高氮N330P90)以及三个施肥时期对稻田氨挥发损失的影响,氨挥发采用密闭室间歇通气法测定。结果表明,稻田氨挥发损失主要发生在施肥后6d内,基肥和第一次追肥后各处理氨挥发量占施氮量的0.4%~11.5%,而第二次追肥后氨挥发损失比例较大,对照、低氮、优化、低磷、高磷和高氮处理的氨挥发在2002年稻季分别占施氮量的5.8%、9.7%、25.6%、15.6%和11.6%,在2003年稻季则分别为27.4%、26.2%、30.0%、35.1%和27.6%。若施肥后遇阴雨天气或正值水稻拔节孕穗期,氨挥发量便降低。田面水中的NH4 -N浓度是氨挥发的决定因素之一,与氨挥发通量呈正相关。施磷量相同时,氨挥发随施氮量增加而增加;施氮量相同时,高磷和低磷处理氨挥发均高于优化处理,表明在氮磷不平衡施用时,氮肥氨挥发损失会加剧,从氨挥发损失方面考虑,稻田推荐施磷量不宜超过P2O590 kg hm-2。     

新沼气 新风貌 新农村

党的十六届五中全会提出要大力开展社会主义新农村建设,以农村沼气建设为核心的“一池三改”在新农村建设中发挥了重要作用。笔者通过对四川省农村沼气建设和新农村建设情况的调查分析,肯定了以沼气建设为纽带的“一池三改”在社会主义新农村建设中的推动作用,总结了四川省在结合新农村建设中推广沼气的成功经验,指出了当前沼气建设中存在的不足,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

FAO可持续土地资源管理综合规划指南及启示

土地资源可持续利用是基于可持续发展的核心内容——资源的可持续利用而形成的，指对人类生存所依赖的物质资源，在追求经济效益最大的同时，维持和改善土地资源的生产条件和环境基础。在当前社会主义市场经济体制下,可持续土地资源管理的任务主要依靠政府严格的土地利用规划事先调节和控制，引导、限制或鼓励人们的土地利用行为，保证土地资源的合理配置和可持续利用。该文试图在分析FAO的土地规划的概念、内容、体系、成功的关键因素、及编制的步骤和方法基础上，展开探讨并对完善我国土地利用规划提出了借鉴意义。     

CO2施肥对黄瓜幼苗矿质营养吸收与分配的影响

以土培和砂培黄瓜幼苗为试材，研究CO₂施肥对植株矿质营养吸收和分配的影响。结果表明：每天上午以1100±100 μl/L CO₂浓度施肥3 h或上、下午各施肥3 h明显降低植株各部位多数矿质元素的含量，CO₂施肥时间延长，降幅增大。CO₂施肥增强了黄瓜对矿质元素的吸收能力，使单株吸收总量显著增加，且施肥时间越长，吸收数量越多。因此，在CO₂施肥的同时应增加矿质营养的供给。     

几种新型木本切花在昆明的引种试种试验初报

定期观测所引进的银叶树（Leucadendron）、风轮花(Leucospermum)和风蜡花(Chamelaucium)各个品种的株高并记录物候、病虫害发生情况及越冬表现。结果表明：银叶树7月份生长量最大,11月停止,“旅途落日”比“纯金”早开始生长,且年生长量大于后者;风轮花的生长量在7—8月是高峰,平均每月长高5cm,但年生长量较小;风蜡花全年都在生长,7—8月是“粉色骄傲”的生长高峰,平均每月增高约20cm,“紫色骄傲”没有显著的生长高峰期。银叶树的抗病虫害能力和抗寒性较强,几个风轮花品种在抗病性及抗寒性方面的表现各不相同,风蜡花的抗寒性较强,“粉色骄傲”抗根茎部病害的能力强于“紫色骄傲”。     

自由人槭‘秋焰’(Acer×freemanii‘Autumn Blaze’)组培的褐变控制研究

针对自由人槭‘秋焰’(Acer×freemanii‘Autumn Blaze’)初代培养外植体褐化严重问题,采取不同取材时间、添加抗褐变剂、暗处理等措施,研究了三种措施对自由人槭‘秋焰’组织培养中褐化的影响效应。结果表明:随着取材月份变化,外植体褐化率提高;AC和PVP对褐变的处理,与Vc和Na2S2O3的处理相比达到差异极显著,又以2.0g/L的PVP抑制褐化效果最佳;随着黑暗处理时间的加长,褐化率呈现高-低-高的变化趋势。春季4、5月份取材,接种于添加PVP2.0g/L的MS上时,直接进行光照培养,可有效控制褐变。     

分种盘排种性能正交试验研究

通过对分种盘排种性能的单因素试验,初步确定了排种性能的主要影响因素。为进一步验证所选因素对试验指标的影响程度,进行了分种盘排种性能的正交试验研究,通过对试验结果的极差和方差分析,得到了试验结果的最优组合,为分种盘结构参数设计和工作参数的选择提供了理论基础。