基于氮磷负荷的淡水池塘河蟹养殖容量估算

于2019年5—11月对4个河蟹淡水养殖实验池塘（T1、T2、T3和T4）水质及河道补给水源水质进行监测,基于氮磷负荷及尾水排放标准,采用2种模型对养殖容量和最佳养殖密度进行估算。结果显示：整个养殖周期内实验蟹塘TN均满足地表Ⅲ类水质标准,TP在养殖前期超标,末期优于Ⅲ类水质标准;以磷排放标准估算,T1、T2、T3和T4在1个养殖周期内的养殖容量分别为4 835、3 894、5 035和4 546 kg,养殖密度分别为12 012、12 249、12 154和16 770只/hm²,4个池塘均可大量增养;以氮排放标准估算,T1、T2、T3和T4在1个养殖周期内的养殖容量分别为3 786、2 999、3 948和3 401 kg,养殖密度分别为9 406、9 432、9 530和12 547只/hm²,T1、T2、T3均可增养50%以上,T4还可增养19.75%。结合4个实验池塘实际养殖状况,该养殖实验池塘河蟹养殖容量为2 006~2 598 kg/hm²,养殖密度为10 229~13 296只/hm²较为适宜;相较于磷排放标准,基于氮排放标准估算的养殖容量偏低,这可能与养殖池塘补给水源水质氮含量超标有关。     

不同捕捞方式下印度洋北部鸢乌贼渔场时空分布差异

根据中国远洋渔业协会鱿钓技术组和公海围拖网技术组提供的2017—2019年印度洋北部鸢乌贼（Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis）生产统计资料,对灯光敷网、灯光罩网和鱿钓3种捕捞方式的鸢乌贼作业次数、产量和捕捞努力量渔获量（catch per unit effort,CPUE）进行统计分析。通过产量重心分析、聚类分析和方差分析,对3种捕捞方式的渔场时空分布及其年间差异进行比较。结果表明,2017、2018和2019年印度洋北部鸢乌贼产量分别为28 347、68 535和180 094 t,产量逐年上升。从年间变化来看,CPUE波动较大;从月间变化来看,各月产量与CPUE的变化趋势均保持一致。3种捕捞方式各月产量重心呈现逆时针变化规律,从南到北,自东向西移动。通过聚类分析可将灯光敷网分为5类,灯光罩网分为4类,鱿钓分为6类;渔获量主要分布于12. 5°N~14. 5°N,58°E~60°E和16°N~18°N,61. 5°E~63°E海域内。以时间和空间为影响因素,对不同经度间海域分析发现,CPUE在不同时间、空间上有明显差异;而不同捕捞方式也均存在显著差异。研究认为,今后应该加强时间序列的样本采集工作,综合考虑环境因子分析鸢乌贼渔场的变化规律及其根本原因,为后续合理开发该渔业和建立相关渔情预报模型提供依据。     

贝类受精细胞学的研究现状

从成熟卵子的核相与体外促熟,精子的顶体反应,受精膜的形成,极体的释放与雌雄原核的形成以及多精入卵方面综述了贝类受精细胞学的研究成果,并展望了这一领域的研究和应用前景。     

Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Bacillus: A Comprehensive Review of Origins,Structures, and Bioactivities

The marine is a highly complex ecosystem including various microorganisms. Bacillus species is a predominant microbialflora widely distributed in marine ecosystems. This review aims to provide a systematic summary of the newly reported metabolites produced by marine-derived Bacillus species over recent years covering the literature from 2014 to 2021. It describes the structural diversity and biological activities of the reported compounds. Herein, a total of 87 newly reported metabolites are included in this article, among which 49 compounds originated from marine sediments, indicating that marine sediments are majority sources of productive strains of Bacillus species Therefore, marine-derived Bacillus species are a potentially promising source for the discovery of new metabolites.     

中国药用竹类多样性及其价值

竹子的药用功能是指竹类植物可以作为中药药材加以利用的属性,是中国竹类功能多样性的重要组成部分。在中国药用竹类中,有的本身就是传统中药,历史上早有应用并沿用至今;有的具有保健作用,被竹子分布区及周边群众长期利用,用以养生保健。文章收集整理了中国具有药用功能的竹类植物种类,分析了其药用功能。结果表明,中国传统药用竹类有11属30种1变种4栽培品种,保健竹类有7属8种,共计涉及竹类15属43种及种下分类群。     

浙江遂昌毛竹鞭笋丰产培育技术

为了发挥毛竹林生产潜力,增加竹农经济收入,在多年实践研究的基础上总结出一套毛竹鞭笋丰产培育技术。研究认为：在毛竹笋材两用林中采挖鞭笋,不会影响整体的竹鞭鞭径和竹鞭总量生长;毛竹林地覆盖稻草和砻糠能显著提高第3年的鞭笋产量;培育高产鞭笋的最佳施肥时间为每年的5月;鞭笋采收时间为5-10月。毛竹鞭笋丰产培育技术可在毛竹笋材两用林经营中推广应用。     

Preparation and Hepatoprotective Activities of Peptides Derived from Mussels (Mytilus edulis) and Clams (Ruditapes philippinarum)

Low molecular weight (<5 kDa) peptides from mussels (Mytilus edulis) (MPs) and the peptides from clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) (CPs) were prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis by proteases (dispase, pepsin, trypsin, alcalase and papain). Both the MPs and the CPs showed excellent in vitro scavenging ability of free radicals including OH, DPPH and ABTS in the concentration range of 0.625–10.000 mg/mL. By contrast, the MPs hydrolyzed by alcalase (MPs-A) and the CPs hydrolyzed by dispase (CPs-D) had the highest antioxidant activities. Furthermore, MPs-A and CPs-D exhibited protective capabilities against oxidative damage induced by H₂O₂ in HepG2 cells in the concentration range of 25–800 μg/mL. Meanwhile, compared with the corresponding indicators of the negative control (alcohol-fed) mice, lower contents of hepatic MDA and serums ALT and AST, as well as higher activities of hepatic SOD and GSH-PX were observed in experiment mice treated with MPs-A and CPs-D. The present results clearly indicated that Mytilus edulis and Ruditapes philippinarum are good sources of hepatoprotective peptides.     

Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Carrying Aphrocallistes vastus Lectin (oncoVV-AVL) Enhances Inflammatory Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Aphrocallistes vastus lectin (AVL) is a C-type marine lectin derived from sponges. Our previous study demonstrated that oncolytic vaccinia virus carrying AVL (oncoVV-AVL) significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of oncoVV in cervical cancer, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma through the activation of Ras/ERK, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. In this study, the inflammatory response induced by oncoVV-AVL in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) model was investigated. The results showed that oncoVV-AVL increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α through activating the AP-1 signaling pathway in HCC. This study provides novel insights into the utilization of lectin AVL in the field of cancer therapy.     

钩状木霉与枯草芽孢杆菌在核桃根际土壤中的定殖研究

[目的]植物病害生防菌在植物根际土壤中的定殖情况是影响其发挥生防作用的重要因素之一.近年来,由核桃炭疽病菌引起的核桃炭疽病对云南省核桃产业的发展产生了较为严重的危害,已成为该省核桃产业发展的重要制约因素.前期,通过对大理州漾濞县光明村核桃根际土壤生防菌的筛选工作,获得了具有重要生防潜力的钩状木霉YB-4-15和枯草芽孢...