Genetic variation in captive population of chinese alligator, Alligator sinensis, revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is an endemic species in China. The likely extinction of it in the wild has been recognised. To prevent this species becoming extinct, the Anhui Research Centre of Chinese Alligator Reproduction (ARCCAR) was established in Xuanzhou, Anhui Province in 1979, where has been established the largest captive population of Chinese alligator (XZSP) in the world. Another farm (CXSP) was established by villagers in Changxin, Zhejiang Province. The results of an investigation of the two captive subpopulation structures by genetic analysis are presented in this paper. We examined the genetic variation in the two captive subpopulations using RAPDs. Thirty-one random primers were selected among 199 random primers screened. A total of 193 reproducible RAPD fragments were scored among 43 individuals, of which 21 (10.88%) were polymorphic. The genetic distances between 43 individuals ranged from 0 to 0.0376 with average of 0.0104±0.0055 S.E. The genetic similarity in CXSP (0.9948±0.0029 S.E.) was higher than that in XZSP (0.9894±0.0055 S.E.). The founder effect is a possible explanation for very low genetic variation in CXSP. Analysis of the RAPD data showed that the mean phenotypic band frequencies of each polymorphic loci was 0.6656±0.3730 S.E. The lowest phenotypic band frequency (0.0233) was found in four of those polymorphic loci. There was no genetic difference between the two subpopulations (D_ij=0.0009). According to the dendrogram and the distribution of polymorphic fragments in two subpopulations, CXSP originated genetically from XZSP. This paper summarises a preliminary research on genetic structure in populations of Chinese alligator. Although there is higher genetic similary (0.9896±0.0055 S.E.) in captive population of A. sinensis, we did not determine whether or not loss of genetic variation had occurred in relation to a wild control population. The data of malformed offspring will be collected carefully, and wild samples be added to set up a control population in future study.     

养犬慎防犬细小病毒病

犬细小病毒病是犬的一种具有高度接触性传染的烈性传染病。该病是冬季危害犬的主要传染病之一,常引起犬的急性出血性肠炎(成年犬)和急性化脓性心肌炎(幼龄犬)。有时其感染率可高达100%,致死率为10～50%,给养犬业造成严重威胁,因此,强化防治工作很有必要。     

牧草引种试验报告

试验所用材料共3科23属143种,其中国外84种,国内59种,保存下来共106种.禾本科牧草大部分引自加拿大萨斯卡吞农业试验站.经1986～1988年在内蒙古呼和浩特市试种观察,适于在草甸草原地区补播的草种有无芒雀麦(锡林浩特)、杂交雀麦(加拿大)、草甸雀麦(加拿大)、多叶老芒麦;适于典型草原补播的草种有冰草(美国)、沙生冰草(美国)、扁穗冰草(加拿大)、冰草(加拿大);适于黄土高原区撂荒地植被补播的草种有蒙古冰草(内蒙古畜科院)、细茎冰草(加拿大)和苏联野麦草(加拿大).     

球痢清等药物对人工感染兔肠球虫病的治疗比较试验

４８只３０日龄大耳白杂种兔，试验接种感染兔肠球虫的５种混合孢子化卵囊，将球痢清Ｉ、球痢清Ⅱ、莫能霉素和氯苯胍分别拌在饲料中饲喂，以比较其抗兔肠球虫的效果。通过临床观察，分析克粪便卵囊数的变化，记录增重、计算饲料转化率和对每组扑杀兔作病理组织学检查，结果表明：球痢清抑制卵囊产生、减轻肠道病变、增重及饲料转化率的效果明显，与莫能霉素相近，并显著优于氯苯胍。氯苯胍效果较差，几乎与接种不给药组相同。无显著性差异。因此说明氯苯胍不宜单一继续使用。应引入新的高效抗球虫药，并指导正确使用抗球虫药物。     

污泥施用对4种绿化植物叶片性状和光合作用的影响

通过向种植土内添加不同比例的污泥用量,观测盆栽绿化植物叶片性状和光合生理的变化,筛选不同植物的适宜污泥用量。结果表明,‘金叶’梓树和‘红叶’石楠以25.0%浓度处理下,植物叶片性状和光合生理表现最强,可提高比叶面积、净光合速率和叶绿素含量;‘紫花’海棠也表现为相似的生理响应,改变各项生理指标以适应添加污泥的土壤,以12.5%含量处理效果佳。相反,乌桕的表现较差,随着浓度增加表现越差。建议在用封场土种植绿化植物时最多可添加25.0%的生污泥,绿化植物可选择‘金叶’梓树和‘红叶’石楠。     

巴西橡胶树小橡胶粒子蛋白（SRPP）基因启动子的克隆及其功能分析

摘要：小橡胶粒子蛋白（SRPP）是巴西橡胶树中参与橡胶生物合成的重要蛋白因子之一。SRPP的氨基酸序列与橡胶延长因子（REF）和菜豆胁迫相关蛋白（PVSRP）的同源性分别为72%和68%。为了进一步研究SRPP基因表达及其调控的机制,作者采用接头连接介导的PCR散步法（ligation-mediated PCR）,克隆了SRPP基因的启动子。序列分析表明,SRPP基因启动子中与光诱导相关的顺式元件占39%,可能属于光诱导型启动子,因此,SRPP基因的表达可能受光信号的调控。此外,SRPP基因启动子还具有热激响应元件（HSE）、干旱胁迫响应元件（MBS）、防卫和胁迫响应元件（TC-rich repeats）、脱落酸响应元件（ABRE）、赤霉素响应元件（GARE）和激发子响应元件（EIRE,W box）等,这表明橡胶树SRPP基因不仅参与调控橡胶生物合成,而且可能是橡胶树中响应逆境信号的抗性基因,在橡胶树抵御逆境胁迫的生理过程中发挥重要作用。     

耕层厚度对华北高产灌溉农田土壤有机碳储量的影响

针对华北平原长期少免耕可能导致的耕层变浅、变紧的问题,通过人为设置不同耕层厚度试验,采用等质量土壤有机碳库储量和层化比的研究方法,研究了4种耕层厚度（10、20、30、40 cm）水平下0～50 cm土壤有机碳的变化。2 a的田间试验结果表明,不同耕层厚度对土壤有机碳含量有显著差异,与2007年试验开始时相比,土壤有机碳质量分数都不同程度下降,下降幅度为22%～48%。利用等质量计算方法表明20 cm耕层厚度的处理土壤有机碳储量最高。通过层化比的研究表明,随着时间的推移,20 cm的耕层厚度层化比最高,其     

淹水土壤中镉活性变化及其制约机理

近年来,面对全球土壤Cd污染日益严重的现状,国内外许多专家和学者对土壤中Cd的迁移转化进行了大量的探索和研究。但是,由于土壤自身的复杂性以及影响因素的多样性和不确定性,有关淹水土壤中镉(Cd)活性变化及其制约机理的研究常常出现截然不同甚至相反的报道。铁锰氧化物、碳酸盐、固相有机质、硫化物、DOM、阴离子(主要是Cl-和SO42-)和阳离子(如Al3+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+等)等繁多的制约因素及其制约机理使得Cd的土壤化学理论复杂化,也给土壤Cd污染的控制和治理带来困难。本文从Cd在土-水界面发生迁移转化的化学过程(吸附与解吸、沉淀与溶解和配位与螯合)入手,总结并阐述了淹水土壤中Cd活性的变化及其制约机理,同时对该领域的研究进行了展望,试图为淹水土壤中Cd活性的深入研究和Cd污染土壤的修复与治理提供参考。     

Field Evaluation of Cocksfoot,Tall Fescue and Phalaris for Dry Marginal Environments of South‐Eastern Australia. 1. Establishment and Herbage Production

Newly developed candidate cultivars of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. = syn. L. arundinaceum (Schreb) Darbysh.) were evaluated over four years for persistence and productivity against current commercial cultivars in small plots at five locations selected for lower and less reliable rainfall and difficult soils (low pH and high Al) in south‐eastern Australia known to be marginally too dry for these grass species. The five locations were ‐ representing summer dominant rainfall, Inverell, in northern New South Wales (NSW); ‐ representing uniform rainfall; Trungley Hall, (medium rainfall), and Beckom (lower rainfall) both in southern NSW; and; representing a winter dominant pattern ‐ Eversley, (higher rainfall), and Bealiba, (lower rainfall), in central Victoria. The objective was to determine if the new candidate cultivars were more likely to persist and to be productive than current commercial cultivars. The study showed that most phalaris and cocksfoot treatments were highly productive in high rainfall years at one or both sites in southern NSW. However, all treatments had become much less productive by the end of the experimental period due to plant loss under hot, dry conditions in the final summer. At Bealiba in central Victoria, cocksfoot was the most productive species with several cocksfoot treatments of both subsp. hispanica and subsp. glomerata still present at the final harvest despite a hot and dry final summer‐autumn. Tall fescue was the most productive species in the two higher rainfall environments (Inverell, Eversley) although most treatments of all species performed well at those sites. Continental tall fescues were more productive on average than Mediterranean tall fescues at the strongly acidic Eversley site. As a result of this work, two of the new cocksfoot candidates (Moroccan Fine and AVH48 Selection) and one of the tall fescue candidates (Summer Active 1) have been licensed for commercial development and release.     

沙棘果油对小鼠免疫调节的实验研究

本项目研究了沙棘果油对小鼠免疫调节的作用。根据沙棘果油软胶囊人体推荐日摄入量0.05g/kg.BW扩大10、20、30倍设置低、中、高三个剂量组,即0.5、1.00、1.5g/kg.BW,另设空白对照组和溶剂对照组。采用SPF级昆明种小鼠,连续经口灌胃给予,30d后开始实验。实验结果以P<0.05判断为显著性差异,结果显示:各剂量组与溶剂对照组比较,小鼠体重、淋巴器官/体重比值差异均无显著性。1)高剂量组能明显增强ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增值能力;2)高剂量组能明显增强二硝基氟苯诱导的小鼠迟发型变态反应;3)高剂量组能明显升高小鼠血清溶血素含量;4)高剂量组能明显增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞功能;5)高剂量组能明显增强小鼠碳廓清能力;6)高剂量组能明显增强抗体生成细胞能力。结果显示:沙棘果油能显著提高小鼠免疫力,同时不会影响小鼠的免疫器官,无负面影响。