快速检测炭疽杆菌的实时荧光定量PCR方法的建立及评价

为建立一种能快速鉴定炭疽杆菌的检测技术,本研究根据炭疽杆菌染色体上的TJHP和BA5345 2个靶点,分别设计4对引物和2个探针,对10份已知浓度的炭疽杆菌DNA和阴性对照菌株DNA进行检测,将浓度最大的炭疽杆菌DNA进行10倍倍比稀释,用于检测4对引物及其探针的灵敏度,并选出2个针对TJHP和BA5345靶点的特异性强及灵敏度高的引物和探针进行重复性实验。结果显示,4对引物及其探针特异性较强,FP2/RP2和FP4/RP4 2对引物的灵敏度为4.513×10^-5 ng/μL;该荧光定量PCR方法重复性好(t=1.178,P=0.332)。FP2/RP2和FP4/RP4 2对引物及其探针可用于炭疽杆菌感染初期的快速筛查以及临床辅助诊断。     

High temperatures do not decrease biocontrol potential for the host-killing parasitoid Neochrysocharis formosa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on agromyzid leafminers

Temperature, as a critical abiotic factor, might influence the effectiveness of biological control by parasitoids in host-parasitoid systems. In this study, Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), a larval endoparasitoid, is used to investigate the efficacy of biological control on a vegetable agriculture pest, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, reared on kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), at four constant temperatures (26, 29, 32, and 35°C) under laboratory conditions. Our results show that high temperatures (29, 32, and 35°C) do not significantly affect lifetime host-killing events of female adults by increased daily host-killing events compared to temperature of 26°C, although their lifespans decrease with an increase in temperatures. Each life-history trait of female adults (lifespan, parasitism, stinging, or non-reproductive host-killing events) present a linear relation with temperatures and host-feeding events, respectively. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of biocontrol efficacy of parasitoid N. formosa against agromyzid leafminers at high-temperature seasons or environments.     

Effects of metformin on nuclear factor-κB expression and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein level in atherosclerosis model of rabbit

AIM: To investigate the effects of metformin on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB),its inhibitor IκB,and the level of serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in rabbits.METHODS: 24 New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into control group,atherosclerosis (AS) group and metformin (Met) group.AS group and Met group were made as models by cholesterolenriched diets feeding and vascular intimal immunologic injury.The AS model was confirmed by high frequency ultrasound.Met group were given metformin 150 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks.At the end of experiment,serum hs-CRP and serum lipids in all three groups were detected.Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting technique were applied to detect the expression of nucleus NF-κB p65 and cytoplasma IκBα in aorta in all three groups.RESULTS: Compared to normal control group,the level of serum hs-CRP was elevated (1.27±0.43 vs 3.96±0.63,P<0.01),the expression of nucleus NF-κB p65 increased significantly (P<0.01) while the expression of IκBα reduced significantly (P<0.01).Compared to AS group,metformin significantly reduced the level of serum hs-CRP (2.79±0.40 vs 3.96±0.63,P<0.05) and the expression of nucleus NF-κB p65 (P<0.01),and increased the expression of IκBα (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Metformin inhibits the activation of NF-κB p65 and the degradation of IκBα,and decreases the levels of serum hs-CRP in AS rabbits.These results suggest that metformin exerts direct vascular anti-inflammatory effects.It may be one important mechanism of metformins antiatherogenic properties.     

西南林学院滇润楠主要病虫害初步调查

对西南林学院校园内的滇润楠主要病虫害种类及危害状况进行了调查．长脊冠网蝽、白轮蚧、扁蚜、白脉病及叶斑病是危害滇润楠的主要病虫害种类．其中,长脊冠网蝽对滇润楠的危害率及危害指数最高,白脉病次之．根据滇润楠病虫害发生情况提出了相应的防治对策与措施．     

农科教结合培育南京市新型职业农民的模式研究

介绍了南京市新型职业农民的培育现状,并阐述了南京市农科教结合模式下新型职业农民的培育现状,探索了农科教结合培育新型职业农民的新模式,指出了培育过程中存在的问题,并提出了提高培育效果的具体措施。     

药用植物材料混配抑制草莓重茬病菌的初步研究

采用生长速率法,研究了Ds-100,Ds-117和Ds-148 3种药用植物材料按不同比例混配对草莓重茬病主要病原真菌——立枯丝核菌和尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌效果。结果表明,在供试的T15- ,T15- ,T15- ,T15- 和T15- 5种不同混配比例中,T15- 对立枯丝核菌和尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌率分别为85.5%和32.7%,并且在P=0.01水平下,其对立枯丝核菌的抑制作用与其他4种配比的抑菌率差异极显著,对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用与T15- ,T15- 和T15- 3种配比的抑菌率差异极显著。采用生长速率法,测定了T15- 不同稀释倍数对立枯丝核菌和尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用,结果表明:T15- 稀释200,400,800倍对立枯丝核菌的抑菌率分别为70.8%,49.2%,22.1%;对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌率分别为19.2%,13.3%,7.9%,明显低于对立枯丝核菌的抑制率。此外,测定发现T15- 对立枯丝核菌的EC50为2.2 mg/mL,T15- 稀释50,100,200倍对尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发的抑菌率分别为59.9%,37.6%和17.0%。     

广西猫儿山森林群落土壤物理性质空间变异及其环境影响因素

探索土壤物理性质沿环境梯度的变异规律及其影响因素,对森林群落物种分布格局和森林水文研究具有重要意义。以猫儿山不同海拔典型森林群落为研究对象,采用野外调查、实验分析与冗余分析(RDA)相结合的方法,研究了猫儿山海拔梯度上常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、常绿针阔叶混交林和山顶矮林等典型森林土壤物理性质的空间变异及其对环境因子的响应。结果表明:0~60 cm层土壤容重随海拔的增加而降低,土壤总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、土壤含水量、最大持水量和毛管持水量随海拔的增加而增加,局部有所波动。除常绿阔叶人工林和常绿针阔叶混交林外,其他森林土壤容重均随土壤深度的增加而增大,土壤总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度随土壤深度的变化趋势则表现各异。土壤容重、毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度在0~10 cm层变化最为剧烈。土壤含水量、土壤最大持水量和毛管持水量的垂直变化规律均随土壤深度的增加而减少。RDA结果显示,海拔和植被类型是影响猫儿山土壤物理性质的主要因素,共解释了土壤物理性质变异的46.1%。海拔通过水热状况影响植被类型及其分布,进而影响林下土壤物理性质。     

不同改性玉米芯对含镉污水的处理效果

分别采用KOH、磷酸和柠檬酸对玉米芯进行改性处理,制得4种改性玉米芯MC-1～MC-4。通过单因素试验和正交试验探讨了玉米芯吸附Cd2+的适宜改性方法和最佳条件。结果表明,用KOH对玉米芯改性时,最佳活化温度为750℃;当溶液pH为6、玉米芯投加量为5.00 mg/mL、吸附剂种类为MC-2时改性玉米芯对Cd2+的吸附效果最佳。进一步研究表明,在最佳条件下,将改性玉米芯MC-2应用于含镉生活污水处理时,污水中的其他组分对改性玉米芯吸附Cd2+的效果有干扰。     

荒草地红火蚁工蚁活动性程度研究

应用刻度图示法研究了荒草地红火蚁Solenopsis invicta工蚁群体活动性规律.结果表明,最高爬升高度、平均爬升高度、工蚁恢复平静时间与蚁巢体积大小无显著相关;不同蚁巢被干扰后标尺上工蚁数量随干扰时间的延长,先快速增加,45～60 s时达到最大,随后缓慢减少直至标尺上无工蚁.通过分析建立了红火蚁工蚁平均数量与干扰时间关系的多个模型.提出了红火蚁工蚁活动性综合评价指标:工蚁活动性评价指标=工蚁累计数量×0.4 工蚁最高爬升高度×0.1 工蚁平均爬升高度×0.3 工蚁恢复平静时间×0.2.     

地方本科院校园林专业实践教学模式改革探索——以长春大学为例

根据地方本科院校转型需求,以长春大学园林专业为研究对象,对传统实践教学模式进行了改革。以学生工程技术能力和创新创业能力培养为目标,构建了由目标体系、课程体系、条件体系和评价体系组成的实践教学体系,以期为地方院校园林专业本科应用型人才的培养提供借鉴。