马尾松截根苗造林林分生长状况分析

由于马尾松常规苗主根发达，侧根较少，造林成活率较低。1990年起选用了马尾松截根苗造林，以期提高其造林成活率，取得了较好的效果。^[1-2]通过对马尾松截根苗造林13年生林分生长现状调查分析，试图进一步揭示截根对林木生长的影响，为大力推广应用截根苗造林提供了科学的理论依据。     

Soil pH,organic matter,and nutrient content change with the continuous cropping of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cunninghamia lanceolata</Emphasis> plantations in South China

Purpose

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) is an important native tree species in China. Consecutive cropping traditionally occurs in Chinese fir plantations (CFPs), but this practice has resulted in productivity declines in subsequent rotations. This study was designed to better understand the change of soil properties in the continuous cropping CFPs.

Materials and methods

We investigated soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and nutrient contents in different soil layers and in rhizosphere soil (RS) and non-rhizosphere soil (NRS) under CFPs of different ages and in different rotations.

Results and discussion

In the upper (0–20 cm) soil layer, soil pH decreased, while SOM increased, beneath mature CFPs with consecutive rotations. Total nitrogen (TN), available potassium, and available phosphorus contents in the upper soil layers did not differ significantly with consecutive rotations. Soil pH in RS was significantly lower than in NRS under mature plantations of the third rotation. Soil organic matter, TN, and available nitrogen did not differ between RS and NRS. Available phosphorus in RS was consistently lower than in NRS, and was highly deficient in the third rotation.

Conclusions

We conclude that no severe soil nutrient degradation occurred in the continuous cropping CFPs examined in this study, with soil acidification and phosphorus deficiency being two primary problems observed.

     

猪繁殖性状的遗传改良策略

猪繁殖性能的提高将为养猪业带来巨大的经济效益 ,目前多数育种者将提高猪的繁殖力作为主要育种目标 ,并用数学遗传学方法和分子育种技术对繁殖性状进行改良。     

大豆和小麦对土壤中镉的吸收与富集研究

在温室条件下,采用盆栽方法研究了大豆和小麦在全镉含量为0.211~2.011 mg/kg的土壤中生长状况以及对镉的吸收与富集特征。结果表明,试验所设土壤镉含量对两种作物的株高和单盆籽粒数没有影响。随土壤镉含量的增加,两者单盆产量呈先增加后降低的趋势。大豆籽粒在土壤全镉含量为0.211~0.811 mg/kg时,小麦籽粒在土壤全镉含量为1.411~2.011 mg/kg时更容易积累镉。添加镉能明显增加两种作物植株各部分镉含量。外源添加镉对大豆的转移系数影响不明显,但能增加小麦的转移系数。两种作物的富集系数基本表现为根>茎叶>籽粒。在土壤全镉含量低于0.511 mg/kg时,大豆根和茎的富集系数接近或大于1.0,对镉的吸收较强。在土壤全镉含量高于0.811 mg/kg时,小麦茎叶的富集系数接近或大于1.0,对镉的吸收较强。小麦根的富集系数均高于大豆,且大于1.0,前者具有更高的镉富集能力。     

Effects of temperature and humidity on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces

The effects of external factors such as temperature, humidity, pesticide formulation, and pesticide concentration on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces were analyzed. The experiments showed that there were significant differences in the contact angles of droplets on the leaf surfaces under different temperatures and humidity. As the ambient temperature increased, the contact angle first decreased and then increased, reaching a minimum value at 25°C. With a gradual increase in humidity, the contact angle significantly increased and reached a maximum at 100% humidity. Finally, it was concluded that both the formulation and concentration of the pesticide had a significant effect on the contact angle of droplets on rice leaf surfaces. The experiments also illustrated that the effects of the pesticide formulation and concentration on the contact angle were more significant than those of temperature and humidity.     

粳型水稻显性半矮秆突变体的发现与初步研究

 在中粳杂交组合“M9056 × R8018选”的F6 选种圃中，发现半矮秆突变单株。以纯合半矮秆单株为父、母本， 与稳定野生型高秆单株进行正、反杂交。种植 P1 、P2 、F1、F2 世代群体。结果表明F1 植株与半矮秆亲本基本相同， 仍然表现半矮秆。 说明该半矮秆突变材料的矮生性表达为显性， 无细胞质效应。F2 群体植株株高性状发生分离，其分离比符合一对等位基因的遗传模式，说明该半矮秆材料的矮生性表达受一对核基因控制。     

辐射诱变选育陆地棉型长绒棉新进展

由于气候原因,长绒棉只有小部分地区能进行生产,我国只有新疆棉区能种植,但面积小产量低。我国棉花主产区的黄河流域和长江流域,建国初期,虽曾通过引种改良和海陆杂交等方法选育长绒棉品种,未能取得成效。本所于１９８５年通过辐照埃及棉阿须莫尼的干种子并结合常规育种方法,经多年系统选育,培育出一批具有陆地棉的适应性和长相,品质指标达到或略高于我国当前生产的长绒棉的陆地棉型长绒棉突变系。１９９６年将选择的单株材料和优系由省棉花研究中心用ＨＶＩ９００测试,在入选株系中,平均绒长３４７３±１３９ｍｍ,比对照中１２提高５９３ｍｍ。比强度全部在２４ｇ／ｔｅｘ以上,平均为２６７５±１６２ｇ／ｔｅｘ,最高的达３１１ｇ／ｔｅｘ,比对照增强６０５ｇ／ｔｅｘ,且各品质性状相互协调。     

立木生物量方程的优度评价和精度分析

以建立东北落叶松和南方马尾松立木生物量模型为例,对模型的优度评价和精度分析进行专题研究。首先,在综合分析各种常用模型评价指标的基础上,提出6项基本评价指标,并通过对2个树种的生物量模型进行评价,证明是可行和有效的;然后,基于线性回归估计的基本假设及其置信区间计算公式,提出适合立木生物量模型预估的条件均值和单一预估值置信区间的估计方法,并确定2个树种生物量模型的置信区间;最后,通过蒙特卡罗模拟进行随机再抽样试验,结果表明采用检验样本进行适用性检验的做法不可取,应该利用全部样本(不分建模样本和检验样本)来建立模型,它能充分利用样本信息,使模型的预估误差最小。     

氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂及其与阿维菌素的混配制剂对美洲斑潜蝇(Diptera:Agromyzidae)的防治效果

测定了扑蚜威、速灭威、灭蚜威、间乙威等9个氨基甲酸酯类化合物及其 与阿维菌素混剂对美洲斑潜蝇的田间药效，结果发现，当施用有效量0.75 kg/hm2时，氨 基甲酸酯类单剂对美洲斑潜蝇的防效在75%～92%之间，而扑蚜威、速灭威、灭蚜威与阿维菌 素混剂对该蝇的防效可达85%～92%。表明，氨基甲酸酯类化合物与阿维菌素混配对美洲斑潜 蝇田间防效、速效性均较好，且成本显著降低。     

非淀粉多糖复合酶对饲喂低能量水平饲粮肉鸡生长性能的影响研究

为研究非淀粉多糖酶在肉鸡不同能量水平饲粮中的应用效果,本试验选取1日龄健康艾维茵肉鸡192只,随机分成4组,分别饲喂正对照基础日粮、负对照基础日粮、负对照基础日粮+100g/t酶制剂、负对照基础日粮+300g/t酶制剂,研究饲料在常规能量降低0.21MJ/kg的条件下,酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能的影响,结果表明:在1￣42日龄,两个加酶组的料重比比负对照组降低11.0%和10.3%(P<0.05)。表明非淀粉多糖酶在肉鸡日粮中降低0.21MJ/kg能量水平的条件下,能显著地提高肉鸡生产性能,提高饲料转化效率,经济效益良好。