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Akira Watanabe Kazunari Kinoshita Takayuki Muramoto Mizuho Nakai Yuiko Suzuki Sakumi Inoue Shigeki Hirata 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13602
Colorimetric pH strips (MColorpHast™) are very convenient to use, but the decision of pH is based on an individual's color perception and is, therefore, subjective. We developed a pH calculation program for the image of coloring strips on CIE1976 (L*a*b* color space), which slightly underestimated human judgment as the color of pH darker. This image analysis and three individuals' judgments were used for evaluating the strip's features for various qualities of meat from wild animals, and the results were compared with the assessments based on potentiometric pH. In both methods, dipping the strips in distilled water just before use improved the regression coefficient compared with that mentioned in the manual. The image analysis showed higher correlation than human judgments but slightly underestimate pH by a maximum of 0.13 unit from the regression line of the potentiometric pH. In addition, the image analysis revealed meat pigment changed pH higher on the color scale in the lower meat pH region. The strips must be used according to the manual, but dipping is effective when the meat surface is dry, and keeping the strips from touching the meat drip is important in lower pH region because the pigment affects the color of pH. 相似文献
54.
Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and bluegill Lepomis macrochirus have been introduced into many countries and have become cosmopolitan exotic species. However, only a few studies show their impact on introduced communities. To investigate their impact, we performed natural snapshot experiments in 15 farm ponds in Saitama prefecture, eastern Japan. We selected 10 and 5 small ponds in similar environmental conditions, but with and without exotics, respectively. The numbers of fish, crustaceans, and nymphal odonates were smaller in ponds where exotics were found and some species were considered to be locally extinct in several ponds. On the other hand, the numbers of benthic organisms, i.e. tadpoles, chironomids, chaoborids, and Oligochaeta were more abundant in ponds with exotics. These two groups of organisms were separated clearly on the first axis of DCA, which indicats that this difference was mainly induced by bass predation. This result suggests a trophic cascade in which top-down effects induced by exotics propagated to fish, crustaceans, and nymphal odonates directly and to some benthic organisms indirectly. Therefore, when one is to conserve native organisms, attention should be paid not only to direct negative effects, but also to indirect effects propagating to various trophic levels. Because farm ponds are typical Japanese small lentic systems having rich biodiversities and bass and bluegill have been shown to change farm pond communities widely, conservational treatments including eradication of exotic fish should be conducted immediately. 相似文献
55.
Hamauzu Y Yasui H Inno T Kume C Omanyuda M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(4):928-934
To evaluate the phenolic extracts of Chinese quince, quince, and apple fruits, their phenolic profiles, antioxidant properties, and anti-influenza viral activities were investigated. Chinese quince had the largest amount of phenolics consisting mainly of high polymeric procyanidins. Quince had considerable amounts of hydroxycinnamic derivatives mainly composed of 3-caffeoylquinic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid and polymeric procyanidins. Apple (cv. Fuji) had the lowest amount of phenolics, mainly 5-caffeoylquinic acid and monomeric and oligomeric procyanidins. The antioxidant functions of Chinese quince and quince phenolic extracts were superior to that of chlorogenic acid standard or ascorbic acid evaluated in both the linoleic acid peroxidation system and the DPPH radical scavenging system. However, those extracts were less effective than apple phenolics or (-)-epicatechin in linoleic acid peroxidation system. On the other hand, Chinese quince phenolics showed the strongest anti-influenza viral activity on the hemagglutination inhibition test. 相似文献
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Yasunori Akagi Masatoki Taga Mikihiro Yamamoto Takashi Tsuge Yukitaka Fukumasa-Nakai Hiroshi Otani Motoichiro Kodama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(2):101-109
To analyze the genetics of host-specific toxin production and its relation to the specific pathogenicity of a mitosporic fungus
Alternaria alternata, we developed a protoplast fusion system. Protoplasts of drug-resistant transformants of the A. alternata tomato pathotype (AAL-toxin producer) and A. alternata strawberry pathotype (AF-toxin producer) were fused by electrofusion. Of five fusion strains examined, two strains were pathogenic
on both tomato and strawberry host plants, whereas the rest of the fusion strains were pathogenic only on tomato. Pulsed-field
gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that the hybrid strains pathogenic on both tomato and strawberry carry 1.0- and
1.05-Mb conditionally dispensable (CD) chromosomes derived, respectively, from the parental strains of the tomato and strawberry
pathotypes. On the other hand, the fusion strains appeared to maintain only a single homologous chromosome derived from one
of the parental strain in the case of essential chromosomes (A chromosomes). The results suggest that fusion strains between
two different pathotypes of A. alternata might be haploid resulting from the deletion of extra sets of essential chromosomes in the fused nuclei, whereas the CD chromosomes
derived from each parental strain could be maintained stably in a new genetic background with an expanded range of pathogenicity.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database under the accession numbers AB469331to
AB469354. 相似文献
59.
Taro Matsumoto Hiroshi Ihara Yoshinari Ishida Shinji Yamamoto Osamu Murata Yasunori Ishibashi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(1):63-70
Although chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) is widely distributed all over the world, the relevance of its visual sensitivity to its ecology is not yet fully understood.
We investigated spectral sensitivity in juvenile chub mackerel in the range of ultraviolet (UV) to visible light (369–652 nm)
by electroretinogram (ERG) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Sensitivity peaked at a wavelength of approximately 482 nm
in dark-adapted fish and 525 nm in light-adapted fish. A secondary sensitivity peak in the UV range at approximately 382 nm
was found in both dark- and light-adapted fish. The UV sensitivity of chub mackerel may be attributable to UV transmissibility
of the optical media and to the presence of a beta-band of visible light-sensitive visual pigments, and not to an alpha-band
of UV visual pigments. This UV sensitivity may be useful for feeding or communication with other fishes. 相似文献
60.
Yasuyuki Tsukamasa Keisuke Kato Bimol Chandra Roy Yasunori Ishibashi Toru Kobayashi Tomohiro Itoh Masashi Ando 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(2):349-355
The color of the red muscle of pelagic fish is used as an indicator of freshness, and sustaining a bright red color is important for maintaining the commercial value of pelagic fish. Feeding fish with antioxidant compounds can delay metmyoglobin (metMb) formation, but the process requires long-term feeding. Live cultured Japanese horse mackerel Trachurus japonicus were used in this study. After anesthetization, 2 ml of blood was drawn from blood vessels, and a parenteral solution including an antioxidant compound was injected. Browning, metMb formation, and lipid oxidation of dark muscle during chilled storage were delayed by injecting sodium l-ascorbate as an antioxidant compound in the blood vessels of live fish. 相似文献