复合硝化菌制剂对水质改良的应用效果

室内静态水体中0.25mg/L复合硝化菌制剂使用后,7d内氨氮平均降解率为34.84%,亚硝酸盐氮的平均降解率为19.05%。0.5mg/L组氨氮平均降解率为45.05%,亚硝酸盐的平均降解率为41.79%。1.0mg/L组的氨氮平均降解率为55.26%,亚硝酸盐氮平均降解率为51.20%。氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的最大的降解峰值出现6d之间。而养殖池塘中,0.5mg/L复合硝化菌制剂后,5d内氨氮的降解率为13.61%～28.03%,7d内亚硝酸盐氮的降解率为9.30%～25.58%。0.2mg/L复合硝化菌制剂使用后,6d内氨氮的降解为23.40%～34.75%,7d内亚硝酸盐氮的降解率为16.33%～36.13%。试验结果表明,复合硝化菌制剂在养殖池塘中使用后,有降解速度快、降解能力强、维持时间长等特点,适宜于作为净化和调控养殖水质的渔用微生物制剂使用。     

DNA分子标记技术概述

综述了DNA分子标记技术的类型及代表性分子标记技术的基本原理和优缺点,对常用分子标记技术进行了对比,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

贵州省大鲵养殖产业化的发展前景

贵州省曾是大鲵的广泛分布地,一段时间以来,由于栖息地的生态遭到破坏,野生大鲵资源量锐减。进行产业化的养殖,扩大大鲵种群数量,才能有效地保护和开发这一资源。陕西省是目前国内大鲵增殖保护走在前列的省份,取得了较大的成效。通过对贵州与陕西两省大鲵主要分布区的地理地貌、温度、降水量及无霜期等条件的对比,比较大鲵生长的生态条件,探讨贵州省大鲵养殖产业化发展的前景。     

添加氮磷对龙须菜光合固碳能力影响的现场研究

采用碘量法和碱度法,通过测定密闭容器中溶解氧和无机碳浓度的变化,从产氧和固碳两个方面研究添加氮、磷对龙须菜光合作用速率的影响。实验设置为加氮(ADDN,10μmol/LNH4Cl)、加磷(ADDP,1.0μmol/LKH2PO4)、同时加氮磷(ADDNP,10μmol/LNH4Cl+1.0μmol/LKH2PO4)、不加氮磷(NONP)4个处理,不加龙须菜的海水作为对照。根据实验前后光合作用瓶内各参数的变化,计算了龙须菜光合产氧速率(RO,mg/gDW.h),固碳速率(RDIC,μmol/gDW.h),HCO3-吸收速率(RHCO-3,μmol/gDW.h)、CO2吸收速率(RCO2,μmol/gDW.h)以及光合熵(PQ)和二氧化碳分压(pCO2)的变化,探讨了氮磷营养盐对龙须菜光合作用固碳速率的影响,为提高龙须菜的碳汇功能提供理论参考。结果表明,8～11月添加氮磷对龙须菜RO的影响差异不显著,12月加氮和加磷能显著提高龙须菜RO,RO存在明显的季节变化;添加氮磷对RDIC的影响差异不显著,存在明显的季节变化,与RO相同,9月最高(287.3μmol/gDW.h),12月最低位(134.8μmol/gDW.h);RCO2除12月外,不同处理差异不显著,季节变化明显,平均RCO28月最高,11月最低;RHCO-3不同处理差异不显著,季节变化明显,9月最高,12月最低;实验结束后容器内pCO2范围为82.7～238.7μatm(平均152.1μatm),双因素方差分析表明不同处理pCO2差异不显著,不同月份差异显著;不同处理和不同月份PQ值均有显著差异,加氮组平均PQ值最高(1.23),不同月份平均值为0.59～1.50。     

Effect of dietary fish oil on enhanced inflammation and disturbed lipophagy in white adipose tissue caused by a high fat diet

Fisheries Science - Fish oil containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) attenuates chronic inflammation found in obesity, leading to a reduction in insulin resistance. The effect of fish...     

Effects of dietary starch levels on the growth,plasma metabolites and expression of genes involved in glucose transport and metabolism in Pelodiscus sinensis juveniles

A 10‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, glucose transport and metabolism of Chinese soft‐shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) exposure to graded levels of dietary starch (0.52%, 7.43%, 14.74%, 22.99% and 31.38%). The 360 turtles (initial body weight, 12.94 ± 0.50 g) with 12 replicates were randomly assigned to five experimental diets. The highest weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed in 7.43% group and the lowest in 31.38% group. The protein efficiency ratio, whole‐body lipid contents, hepatic glycogen contents and the 4‐hr postprandial plasma glucose levels were significantly increased with the increment of starch levels (p < .05). In contrast, the daily feed intake and feed conversion ration were significantly declined (p < .05). The mRNA levels of glucose transporter 2, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase alpha genes in the liver significantly increased as the increase in starch levels at 4‐hr and 24‐hr post feeding (p < .05). No significant differences were observed in the expression of gluconeogenesis genes at each time point (p > .05). These results suggested that dietary addition of starch up‐regulated hepatic glycolysis, glycogenesis and lipogenesis genes expression, but the deficient response of gluconeogenesis to dietary starch might be part of the causes limited the starch utilization. Based on the secondary polynomial regression of SGR, y = ?0.0011x² + 0.028x + 1.63 (R² = 0.9292), the 12.73% inclusion level of dietary starch was recommended in juvenile turtles.     

Data envelopment analysis for production efficiency improvement: An empirical application on brine shrimp Artemia franciscana culture in the Mekong Delta,Vietnam

Artemia culture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, is becoming more and more important to satisfy the global demands of cyst production. Nevertheless, Artemia cyst productivity in the Mekong Delta has been fluctuating largely due to not only technical inefficiencies and external factors but also farms’ characteristics. This study employed a data envelopment analysis to evaluate the production efficiencies in correlation with biological and cost inputs of Artemia culture in Vinh Chau and Bac Lieu located in the Mekong Delta. The key factors affecting technical efficiency (TE) were determined using ordinary least squares regression model. The empirical results indicated that production efficiencies of farms in Vinh Chau and Bac Lieu were similar with metatechnology ratios of 0.97 and 0.96 respectively. About 62.8% of surveyed farms were operating in technically inefficient circumstances. Farmers’ experience, educational level and culture technique training participation had positive effects on TE, while climate effects and water problems have been proved to have negative effects on TE. To improve production efficiency, inefficient farms are suggested to have moderately increasing combinations of organic fertilizer, chemical and feed. The use of probiotics should be reduced as it increases production cost and affects TE. Notably, a collaboration of scientists and feed processing companies is recommended to produce a specific formulated feed for Artemia in commercial scales. This study also proposes adaptive policies for local governments and cooperatives to assist coastal famers in the Mekong Delta overcome technical inefficiencies, improve cyst productivity and obtain economic sustainability in Artemia culture.     

Effects of chromium yeast,tributyrin and bile acid on growth performance,digestion and metabolism of Channa argus

A 60‐day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of chromium yeast (CY), tributyrin (TB) and bile acid (BA) on the snakehead (Channa argus). The control (CT) group was fed the basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed 200 mg/kg CY (concentration: 1,000 mg/kg), 2.5 g/kg TB (purity: 45%) or 1 g/kg BA (purity: 30%) in addition to the basal diet. The addition of CY, TB and BA statistically increased the weight gain rate, and specific growth rate, whereas the feeding rate and feed conversion ratio were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). When compared with the CT group, TB elevated the serum glutathion peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity; and BA reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) contents significantly (p < 0.05). The three feed additives reduced intestinal malonaldehyde (MDA) levels dramatically. Tributyrin significantly enhanced intestinal trypsin and pepsin activities (p < 0.05). The activity of fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase and pyruvate carboxylase in the group fed CY was significantly lower than in the CT group. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of the three additives enhanced growth performance of C. argus. Dietary supplementation of CY affected protein, glucose and lipid metabolism. Diets with TB levels improved intestinal digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity. The addition of BA improved glycolipid metabolism.     

水稻田磷径流流失特征初步研究

在自然降雨条件下,原位研究了广东省典型稻田地表径流氮磷输出的动态流失特征。结果表明,降雨量与产流量之量极显著正相关,但对P素流失量无明显影响;与未施肥对照(F0)相比,常规施肥(F)对P素流失没有显著影响（p > 0.05）,P素流失形态以颗粒态磷(pp)为主。