Transpositional feeding rhythm of loach <Emphasis Type="Italic">Misgurnus anguillicaudatus</Emphasis> from larvae to juveniles and its ontogenesis under artificial rearing conditions

The diel feeding rhythm and ontogenesis during early life stage of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated under experimental conditions (light: L 06:00–18:00, D 18:00–06:00 h). Morphological and behavioral developments of loach from newly hatched to 40 days after hatching were observed. Larvae were able to prey on daphnia 3–4 days after hatching at 23 ± 0.5°C. As the larvae grew, they showed an increasing feeding capacity and a distinct feeding rhythm. Feeding intensity and incidence for day-4 larvae were highest at 10:00 and 16:00 h. The highest levels of feeding intensity for day-12 larvae occurred at 08:00, 12:00, and 18:00 h as did feeding incidence. By day 20, when the larvae metamorphosed, the highest levels of feeding intensity occurred at 06:00, 18:00, and 24:00 h and were concurrent with the highest feeding incidence. After metamorphosis, feeding capacity had again increased considerably and, in contrast to the earlier stages before day 20, feeding intensity for day-30 juveniles peaked at 05:00 and 20:00 h, about 1–2 h after the maximum feeding incidence. The feeding rhythm of loach juveniles at day 40 was almost the same as the day-30 juveniles. The estimated maximum daily feeding rates were 43.1%, 33.4%, 19.0%, 12.8%, and 5.8% of body weight on days 4, 12, 20, 30, and 40, respectively. Thus, loach was found to have different feeding rhythms in the pre- and post-metamorphosis stages, with the highest feeding activity in daytime during the larval planktonic stage before metamorphosis, and intensely nocturnal feeding behavior during the juvenile benthic stage after metamorphosis.     

菜地地下排水管防渍效果初探

大多数蔬菜根系分布较浅,对土壤含水量反应极为敏感,南方地区雨水较多,地下水位高,土壤上层积水,渍害严重,造成土壤水肥气热失调,经常引起蔬菜秧苗沤根和烂根,导致蔬菜显著减产甚至绝收。为探索蔬菜基地防渍新思路,近年来,我们在蔬菜基地采用埋设地下暗管的方法调节土壤含水量,当土壤含水量高于蔬菜根系活动要求时,打开地下暗管排水阀,排除土壤中的积水,当土壤含水量低于蔬菜根系活动需要时关闭排水阀,有效地解决了蔬菜排渍和用水矛盾,大幅度提高蔬菜产量和品质,获得了比较理想的效果,现将有关埋设方法和应用效果介绍如下。     

杂草环境下转EPSPS基因大豆NZL06-698的生态适应性研究

为研究转EPSPS基因大豆NZL06-698在杂草环境中的生态适应性,试验设置杂草处理模拟野外环境,研究转基因大豆NZL06-698(GT698)的生存竞争能力以及外源EPSPS蛋白表达情况。结果表明:在相同处理下转基因大豆GT698的株高(R8期)、百粒重显著高于亲本大豆蒙豆12(MD12),但单株产量、单株籽粒数、结实率显著低于亲本大豆,说明外源基因的存在并未增强转基因大豆的生存竞争力,且转基因大豆在野外的生存竞争能力与亲本大豆相比较弱。试验注意到,杂草环境对转EPSPS基因大豆的生长有明显的限制作用,杂草处理下转基因大豆的单株产量、单株籽粒数、百粒重、结实率等指标均显著低于对照处理。ELISA检测结果表明,转基因大豆叶片及籽粒中外源EPSPS蛋白在杂草处理及对照中均正常表达,且两种处理下的EPSPS蛋白表达量无显著差异。以上结果表明杂草环境中转基因大豆的EPSPS蛋白正常表达,正常提供抗草甘膦性状,但是外源基因的存在并没有增加转基因大豆的生存竞争能力,且转基因大豆的生长受到杂草环境的显著抑制,由此得出结论:与亲本大豆相比,转EPSPS基因大豆NZL06-698在野外环境中生态适应能力较弱。     

玉米根部萜类合酶基因对干旱与激素处理的表达差异分析

选用两个具有抗性差异的玉米自交系B73与Mo17,分别对其根部进行干旱、脱落酸(ABA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)以及茉莉酸甲酯与乙烯利联合(MeJA/EP)处理,定量检测4个与防御相关的萜类合酶基因An2、ZmTPS6、ZmTPS8以及ZmTPS26的表达情况。结果表明,4个基因在B73与Mo17应对干旱和ABA处理时基因表达差异明显。在Mo17中,干旱胁迫以及ABA处理显著诱导4个基因的表达;在B73中,干旱处理导致An2、ZmTPS6和ZmTPS8基因表达下调,在ABA处理下时,只有ZmTPS6被显著上调;MeJA与MeJA/EP处理在B73与Mo17中都能上调4个基因的表达,但在Mo17中的诱导程度更剧烈。B73与Mo17的根部在响应胁迫时存在显著的萜类代谢差异,可能为其抗性差异原因之一。     

靖粳26号的特征特性及高产栽培技术

靖粳26号系由云南省曲靖市农业科学院选育的优质粳稻新品种,具有良好的丰产性和优异的抗逆性,是一个适应性较广的优质、高产、耐寒、多抗粳稻新品种。     

Structural and optical properties of cellulose nanocrystals isolated from the fruit shell of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Camellia oleifera</Emphasis> Abel

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with high aspect ratio of 80 have been readily prepared from the inexpensive fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel (SCOA) for the first time. In this study, SOCA was consecutively subjected to alkali extraction, hydrogen peroxide bleaching and acid hydrolysis to remove non-cellulosic components and release CNC. The derived CNC possesses a needle-shaped structure that in average diameter and length of 6±2 nm and 500±100 nm, respectively. The crystallinity index of CNC increased to 72 % and the initial decomposition temperature raised to 230 oC. The obtained CNC was formed to nanopaper by vacuum filtration showing high visible light transmittance over 90 %. Thus SOCA derived CNC is of great practical potential to apply in the field of biomedicine, energy, packing, etc. Overall, this study is anticipated to offer new possibility for the CNC production from the inexpensive but abundant agricultural wastes.     

Agronomic traits of soybean cultivars released in different decades after grafting record‐yield cultivar as rootstock

Breeders have seldom considered the selection for root traits during the genetic improvement in soybean. It is hypothesized that grain yield would be increased by the root function improvement, especially for the current cultivars. The objective of this grafting experiment was to determine the effect of record‐yield cultivars L14 or Z35 as rootstocks on agronomic traits of cultivars released in different decades. A total of 11 cultivars, released in different decades, were used to graft onto L14 or Z35 rootstocks. The agronomic traits were measured in the pot‐culture experiments. Grafting cultivars released in different decades onto L14 or Z35 rootstocks resulted in higher yield, 100‐seed mass and apparent harvest index as compared with those of non‐grafted or self‐grafted plants. Grain yield gain of cultivars grafted onto record‐yield cultivar rootstocks was 0.40 g/plant/year from 1966 to 2006, which was larger than that of non‐grafts and self‐grafts (0.27 g/plant/year). The yield of current cultivars should increase more if their root functions were improved.     

Albumin overload aggravates kidney injury and renoprotective effect of simvastatin in adriamycin nephropathy mice

AIM: To investigate the aggravating effect of albumin overload on the kidney injury induced by lipid nephrotoxicity, and to observe the renoprotective effect of simvastatin (SIMV) on adriamycin nephropathy (ADR) mice.METHODS: SPF healthy male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, ADR group, ADR with bovine serum albumin (BSA) overload (ADR+BSA) group, and ADR with both BSA overload and SIMV treatment (ADR+BSA+SIMV) group. All mice were uninephrectomized under general anesthesia 2 weeks before setting up ADR model. ADR+BSA model started to be set up 4 weeks later. At the end of the 0th, 2nd, 6th, 10th and 14th weeks, 24 h urinary protein was evaluated. At the end of the 14th week, the serum biochemical indexes and the kidney pathological changes were observed, and glomerulosclerotic index (GSI) was also evaluated. The cholesterol in the kidney was measured by enzymic colorimetric method and oil red O staining. The expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) in the kidney tissues was determined by real-time PCR. The expression of IL-1β and IL-17 was measured by immunohistochemistry and the expression of IL-17 in the kidney was measured by ELISA.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney and the GSI were all significantly increased in ADR group (P<0.05). Compared with ADR group, 24 h urinary protein, serum creatinine, the expression of IL-1β, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney were all significantly increased in ADR+BSA group (P<0.05). Treatment with SIMV significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr. The accumulation of cholesterol in the kidney and the GSI were also decreased (all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Inflammation aggravates the lipid deposition and glomerular sclerosis by increasing the expression of LDLr in ADR mice. Albumin overload further accelerates the progressive kidney damage by regulating the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and IL-17, which promotes the increase in LDLr. The beneficial effect of SIMV might be mediated by its anti-inflammatory effect.     

办公建筑中空调形式对室内外PM2.5浓度相关性的影响

室外PM2.5可通过新风及围护结构缝隙渗透至室内,室外PM2.5较高时尤为明显,结果导致室内空气中的PM2.5浓度上升。为了研究空调形式对室内外PM2.5浓度相关性的影响,在2015年夏季对重庆某办公建筑中采用不同空调形式的室内外PM2.5浓度进行了实测。实测结果发现：集中式空调、分体式空调和非空调房间室内外PM2.5浓度比变化范围分别为0.59～0.76、0.47～0.76、0.71～0.91。室内外PM2.5浓度相关性系数的排序为：集中式空调环境（0.94）> 非空调环境（0.92）> 分体式空调环境（0.77）,研究结果表明,办公建筑的空调形式,对室内外PM2.5浓度的相关性有影响。     

植物快速加代技术研究及应用

获得遗传稳定的植物永久分离群体或新品种需要多年时间,成为限制作物遗传研究及育种的瓶颈.研究者利用多种方法加速植物世代的进程,尤其是人工调控生长条件与幼胚培养结合法的研究和应用,使植物短时间内建成遗传稳定的群体或品系成为可能.应进一步开展该技术规范化、工厂化实施的应用研究,提高大规模应用的可能性;同时与分子标记技术结合,提高我国农作物遗传改良的效率和水平.