Effects of fish meal replaced by fermented soybean meal on growth performance,intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSM) and soybean meal (SM) on growth performance, intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The basal diet contained 350 g/kg FM (CON), and then, FM was replaced with SM and FSM at the ratios of 30% and 60% (SM‐30, SM‐60, FSM‐30 and FSM‐60), respectively. The largemouth bass (4.43 ± 0.13 g) were fed for 8 weeks. The results showed that weight gain of fish fed with FSM‐60 and SM‐60 diets was significantly lower, and feed conversion ratio of SM‐30, SM‐60 and FSM‐60 groups was significantly higher than the CON group (p < .05). The intestinal villus height of SM‐60 group and the villus width of SM‐60 and FSM‐60 group were significantly lower than the CON group (p < .05). The 30% FM replacement by SM and FSM significantly increased the abundance of Cetobacterium and Mycoplasma, respectively (p < .05). In conclusion, FSM could replace 30% FM in diet without negative impacts on the growth performance of largemouth bass, while the SM should be controlled below 30%.     

Effects of glycinin on growth performance,immunity and antioxidant capacity in juvenile golden crucian carp,Cyprinus carpio × Carassius auratus

This study was designed to examine the effects of glycinin on growth, digestive ability, immune responses, antioxidant capacity and gene expression levels of golden crucian carp. Golden crucian carp were fed diets containing glycinin at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 g/kg, respectively, for 8 weeks. Body weight, weight gain percentage, specific growth rate and feed efficiency ratio were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diet. Activities of protease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme in hepatopancreas, and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity in the proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diet, whereas malondialdehyde in proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas increased directly with the content of glycinin in diet. Furthermore, the relative expressions of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in proximal intestine, mid intestine and distal intestine increased directly with the content of glycinin in diet, whereas the relative expressions of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in hepatopancreas were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diets. The relative expressions of IL‐10 in proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas all were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diets. In conclusion, reductions in growth, immunity and antioxidant capacity, intestine inflammation with dysfunction of digestive system occurred in golden crucian carp that fed a diet containing glycinin at 30 g/kg or higher after 8 weeks.     

温度对玉筋鱼摄食排空率的影响

在室内实验室玻璃钢水槽中，以细长脚蜮为饵料，研究了黄、东海主要小型鱼类玉筋鱼的不同温度条件下的摄食排空率。结果表明，玉筋鱼的摄食排空率随着温度的升高而有所增加；通过比较指数函数和二次多项式函数的模拟结果表明，玉筋鱼的摄食排空率与温度的关系更适合于用二次多项式函数Rt=-0．0008T^2 0．0419T-0．3834(R^2=0．9820)加以定量描述。     

水产胶原蛋白及胶原多肽的研究进展

胶原蛋白是动物结缔组织中的主要成分,是动物体内含量最多、分布最广、具有免疫学性质[1]的蛋白质,在皮革业、影像业、制药业、糖果生产、生物医学原料和食品工业中有广泛的应用。最近,国外研究表明,胶原水解所得的胶原多肽不仅具有很好的消化特性,而且还具有许多生理活性功能,     

中华绒螯蟹RXR基因全长cDNA克隆及表达分析

维甲类X受体(retinoid X receptor,RXR),属于核受体超家族(nuclear receptor super family)成员,是一种重要的调控因子,对甲壳动物生长发育和繁殖具有十分重要的作用。本研究根据陆地蟹 RXR基因保守区序列设计上下游引物,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)以及cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)RXR基因并进行各组织间的表达分析。序列分析表明中华绒螯蟹RXR cDNA全长1517bp,编码433个氨基酸。经BLASTn和BLASTx分析表明,中华绒螯蟹RXR氨基酸序列与陆地蟹RXR基因的氨基酸序列相似性最高,为96%。系统进化树分析显示,中华绒螯蟹RXR的氨基酸序列与陆地蟹RXR聚为一支。荧光定量PCR结果显示,RXR在所有检测的组织中均有表达,且在中华绒螯蟹Y器官中表达量最高,肝胰腺、鳃和肌肉中有少量表达,心脏、胃、肠、胸神经节和脑神经节中微量表达。在中华绒螯蟹不同蜕皮时期中,Y器官中RXR表达量在D期最高,与AB期、C期呈显著性差异（P＜0.05）;肌肉中RXR在AB期表达量最高,与其他蜕皮时期呈显著性差异（P＜0.05）;肝胰腺和鳃中RXR在AB期表达量最高,E期表达量最低,但各蜕皮时期表达量之间差异不显著。     

文蛤增养殖区主要环境因子变化规律研究

2004年和2005年分别对江苏省沿海滩涂4个具有代表性的文蛤重点增养殖区的环境因子进行了连续调查、监测和研究,主要分析测试了以下3个对文蛤生存影响较为重要的环境因子:底泥中的硫化物(S2-)、底泥渗水中的总氨氮(NH4-N)和底泥渗水中的化学需氧量(COD)。结果表明:S2-季节性变化明显,地点上随监测站位不同有显著差异;NH4-N夏季较高,其它时段基本无变化,均值远远高于上覆水体;COD含量除受气温影响外,还显著受到人类生产生活(如排污等)的影响。另外,2005年较2004年部分监测站位养殖环境有恶化趋势。     

赤潮异弯藻对鳀鱼早期发育的影响

就赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)藻液及各组分对鳀鱼(Engraulis ja ponicus)早期发育阶段的影响进行了研究。并就鳃鱼早期发育过程中对赤潮异弯藻的敏感性时期作了探讨。实验结果表明,原肠期前的发育卵和初孵仔鱼对赤潮异弯藻较其他发育阶段更为敏感。在同等条件下藻细胞内容物对鳃鱼早期发育各阶段的毒性最大,其次是藻细胞碎片和藻液,去藻过滤液的毒性最小。暴露在高浓度90000c／ml藻细胞内容物中,96h后仔鱼的存活率为4％;而在同浓度的去藻过滤液中,96h后仔鱼的存活率为75％。藻细胞内容物和藻细胞碎片对鳃鱼仔鱼96hI。C∞分别为2818、6760c／mL．     

温度对四种淡水颤藻目丝状藻体生长的影响

在实验室条件下研究温度对4种颤藻目丝状藻体:皮质颤藻,尖细颤藻,蛇形颤藻及坑形细鞘丝藻生长的影响.藻体在持续光照下培养于BG11培养基中,通过测定叶绿素a含量来显示藻体的生长状况.实验结果,皮质颤藻与坑形细鞘丝藻生长的最适温度是30℃,尖细颤藻、蛇形颤藻的生长最适温度是35℃.     

Rapid seedlings regeneration from seeds and vegetative propagation with sucker and rhizome of Eremospatha macrocarpa (Mann & Wendl.) Wendl and Laccosperma secundiflorum (P. Beauv.) Kuntze

To develop efficient seedling production methods for Laccosperma secundiflorum and Eremospatha macrocarpa, a study was conducted to examine regeneration using offsets combined with several physical and chemical treatments of seeds. Offsets categorized into small, medium and large diameters, were planted in three conditions: shaded and open nursery, and greenhouse. We tested sucker from E. macrocarpa, and sucker and rhizome from L. secundiflorum. For both species, high viability percentage (ranging from 55% to 100%) were observed for small and medium suckers planted in shaded nursery and greenhouse, against less than 49% for sucker planted in open nursery. The mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 84, 77 and 75 days after planting (DAP) for small, medium and large sucker of L. secundiflorum, respectively under open nursery condition, and 76, 75, 95 DAP for small, medium and large suckers of the same species, respectively in shaded condition. Greenhouse has a significant positive effect on E. macrocarpa seedlings emergence time. For this species, the mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 43 DAP for small sucker and 76, 93 DAP for medium and large suckers. No seedling was obtained from rhizome planted in all the growing conditions tested. Concerning seed dormancy breaking, germination percentages and rates were determined for 13 treatments. The best treatments were pre-soaking unscarified seeds for 4 days in 1.01 g l⁻¹ and 0.10 g l⁻¹ KNO₃, with 79% and 68% of germination, respectively and in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ GA₃ for 68% of germination. These methods are suggested to improve germination of L. secundiflorum seeds. Successful and recommended methods for E. macrocarpa are pre-soaking scarified seeds in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ and 3.46 × 10⁻⁴ g l⁻¹ GA₃, 96% and 94% of germination, respectively. Dormancy, probably a combination of mechanical and chemical dormancy, is present in the two species.