水杉人工林抚育间伐的效果比较

在１５ａ生水杉人工林内设立标准地，定量机械间伐，定期测定生长量，对抚育间伐７ａ后的效果及经济效益进行分析，结果表明：（１）不同初植密度的林分采用较小的强度ｐｎ＝２５％，３３％进行间伐，与对照林分相比，平均每公顷生长量分别提高５．９７，９．２７ｍ３，增加９．５７％，１４．８７％；采用较大强度ｐｎ＝５０％进行间伐，与对照林分相比，平均每公顷生长量下降９．７ｍ３，减少１５．５７％。（２）抚育间伐过的林分（间伐强度ｐｎ＝２５％，３３％，５０％）与对照林分相比，单位面积保留木平均生长率分别提高１．３４％，２．００％，１．９７％。（３）抚育间伐的林分与对照林分相比，平均每公顷总产值和利润分别增加６２７８，５７８４元，增长７．７％，９．５％。     

Different genes can be responsible for crown rot resistance at different developmental stages of wheat and barley

Crown rot, caused by several Fusarium species, is one of the most damaging diseases in wheat and barley. Growing resistant varieties has long been recognised as an integral part in effectively managing the disease. One of the factors hindering the progress of breeding for crown rot resistance is the lack of a reliable and high throughput bioassay that allows rapid and accurate assessment of large numbers of genotypes so that highly susceptible materials can be quickly rejected and potentially resistant lines identified for more focused further assessments. We developed a method which, by growing several inoculated seedlings wrapped in a single piece of moist paper towel, offers significant advantages over all of the existing methods. The new soil-less assay takes only about two weeks, requires very little space, and removes variability associated with the use of soil/potting mixes. Results from the new assay are highly reproducible and agree well with known field performances of different varieties. However, mapping studies conducted using the new soil-less assay did not detect all of the quantitative trait loci found with a soil-based assay. These results show that, although different resistance genes may all contribute to the performance of a variety, caution should be used when comparing results from different assays.     

3种熏蒸剂对椰心叶甲的熏蒸效果及寄主切叶的影响

分别利用磷化钙、3%高效氯氰菊酯烟雾剂(烟魁)和溴甲烷3种熏蒸剂熏蒸处理椰心叶甲[Brontispalongissima(Gestro)]各虫态及散尾葵切叶,观察椰心叶甲各虫态的死亡情况和对散尾葵叶片的影响.结果表明:烟魁使用时灼伤散尾葵切叶,不适合处理散尾葵切叶.其他2种熏蒸剂对切叶没有明显影响,影响熏蒸剂对椰心叶甲各虫态致死的主要因素是熏蒸剂的浓度和熏蒸时间.磷化钙处理而言,其分解为磷化氢气体需要时间,需要熏蒸24 h,使用0.3 mg/m~3即可达到完全杀死椰心叶甲的目的;而对于溴甲烷处理而言,用量相对较大,但熏蒸时间较短,20g/m~3的浓度2 h才可以满足生产上对椰心叶甲除害的需要.研究结果对处理棕榈植物鲜切叶或苗木有重要的借鉴意义.     

不同药剂对小麦种子萌发及根芽生长的影响

由于干旱或种子发芽率不高,种植作物时经常出现缺苗断垄等情况.保证作物苗全苗壮是争取高产高效的前提条件.采用化学药剂在播前浸种或拌种是目前农业生产上常见的保苗方法之一.本试验旨在筛选促进种子萌发和根芽生长的有效药剂.     

钴离子(Co~(2 ))对月季鲜切花生理结构的影响

在实验室常温条件下，将月季（ＲｏｓａＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｓｊａｃｑ．）鲜切花品种“萨蒙莎”置于２％蔗糖和不同浓度ＣｏＣｌ２溶液进行瓶插培养．在有蔗糖提供营养的基础上，Ｃｏ２＋可以延缓细胞膜差别透性的降低，抑制月季茎切口端和培养液微生物特别是真菌的生长，并能维持茎中央薄壁细胞和花瓣表面乳突状细胞的完整性，减少“弯颈”现象的发生．     

金融系统ARCH模型及应用

针对金融数据具有丛集性与异方差性的特征，给出了最能反映这一特征的研究方法，在此基础上，比较系统地介绍了ＡＲＣＨ模型及其若干变形，参数估计与假设检验，讨论了金融系统ＡＲＣＨ模型的应用前景。     

对乙酰氨基酚对大鼠原代肝细胞的损伤机制

胶原酶两步灌流法获取SD大鼠的原代肝细胞,并用不同剂量的对乙酰氨基酚处理.MTT法测定肝细胞的存活率,分光光度法测定培养上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量.Western blotting法测定大鼠肝细胞中细胞色素P450酶2E1(CYP2E1)的表达水平.结果表明,对乙酰氨基酚可导致肝细胞存活率降低,LDH含量显著升高,CYP2E1表达增加.说明达到一定的剂量时.对乙酰氨基酚可引起肝细胞的损伤.     

加拿大农业行政管理与税收政策对我国的借鉴

加拿大农产品在国际市场上具有较强的竞争力,国家对农业的保护是一个重要的因素,但这种保护主要不是靠补贴或关税,而主要是通过发展农业的有关法律和法规来体现。加拿大已经建立起了较完备的农业管理体制,而且对农业的干预或扶持政策都有明确的机构负责实施。与加拿大相比,虽然在农业管理体制上我国与加拿大有所不同,但是随着我国城乡统筹协调发展和农业现代化进程的加快,以及农业的集约化、产业化水平的进一步提高,加拿大农业行政管理体制和税收政策对我国具有很强的借鉴意义。     

Performance of Agricultural Systems under Contrasting Growing Season Conditions in South-western Quebec

Climate change will alter temperature and rainfall patterns over North American agricultural regions and there will be a need to adapt crop production systems to the altered conditions. A set of field experiments were conducted in south-western Quebec, Canada, with soybean ( Glycine max L.), corn ( Zea mays L.), sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrid and switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) under two tillage and three nitrogen fertility regimes, to study their performance in three successive growing seasons (2001–2003), two of them with unusually warm and dry conditions. The annual crops were established in two tillage systems: conventional and no-till (NT). All crops except soybean were fertilized with three levels of nitrogen: corn – 0, 90 and 180 kg N ha⁻¹, sorghum-sudangrass – 0, 75 and 150 kg N ha⁻¹, switchgrass – 0, 30 and 60 kg N ha⁻¹. The 2001 and 2002 seasons were hotter and drier than the 2003 season, which was the most favourable for crop growth. The capacity of the crops to yield in dry seasons was as follow: switchgrass > sorghum-sudangrass > corn > soybean. The corn and sorghum-sudangrass responses to nitrogen fertilizer were low in 2001 due to the combined effect of dry growing season and coarse soil texture. Soybean did not perform well under NT. Corn yielded better at the highest nitrogen fertilizer rate under NT when the early season was warmer than the normal. Our results show that switchgrass and sorghum-sudangrass could be an option in south-western Quebec if the frequency of hot and dry seasons increase in the future, because of climate change.     

葡萄根癌土壤杆菌的不同生化型对葡萄及其它植物致病性的初步研究

 从北京、内蒙古、吉林、辽宁、山东等地采到的葡萄根癌病标本中,分离到根癌土壤杆菌[Agrobacterium fumefaciens(Smith&Town.) Conn]3种生化型菌株。它们对玫瑰香葡萄的致病性明显不同。生化Ⅲ型菌株致病性强,形成大、中型瘤。生化Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型菌株致病性弱,只形成小瘤。生化Ⅲ型的不同菌株对葡萄、向日葵、烟草、番茄等8种植物的致病性也很不同。一类只能侵染葡萄,是窄寄主型;另一类除葡萄外,还能侵染向日葵、烟草、番茄,是宽寄主型。玫瑰香、龙眼等葡萄对3种生化型菌株比较敏感;莎巴珍珠、贝达等比较抗病。生化Ⅲ型和Ⅰ型的一些菌株也能侵染梨、李、杏、樱桃、榆叶梅等几种果树。从山东白雅葡萄上分离的BS33-10菌株(胭脂碱质粒类型)接种在烟草、番茄上能形成畸嵌瘤。