Interactive effects of Cd and PAHs on contaminants removal from co-contaminated soil planted with hyperaccumulator plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sedum alfredii</Emphasis>

Purpose  

Soil contamination by multiple organic and inorganic contaminants is common but its remediation by hyperaccumulator plants is rarely reported. The growth of a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii and removal of contaminants from Cd and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) co-contaminated soil were reported in this study.     

氧化节杆菌生物降解苯并芘

A pot experiment was conducted with multi-metal (Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) contaminated acidic soil to investigate changes in available metal burden resulting from the application of industrial wastes (fly ash and steel slag). The efficiency of amendments-induced metal stabilization was evaluated by diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), sequential extraction, and plant uptake. The stability of remediation was assessed by an acidification test and by chemical equilibrium modeling. Addition of fly ash (20 g kg-1 ) and steel slag (3 g kg-1 ) resulted in similar increase in soil pH. Both amendments significantly decreased the concentrations of metals measured with DGT (C DGT) and the metal uptake by Oryza sativa L. Significant correlations were found between C DGT and the concentration of a combination of metal fractions (exchangeable, bound to carbonates, and bound to Fe/Mn oxides), unraveling the labile species that participate in the flux of metal resupply. The capability of metal resupply, as reflected by the R (ratio of C DGT to pore water metal concentration) values, significantly decreased in the amended soils. The C DGT correlated well with the plant uptake, suggesting that DGT is a good indicator for bioavailability. Acidification raised the extractable metal concentration in amended soil but the concentration did not return to the pre-amendment level. Equilibrium modeling indicated that the soil amendments induced the precipitation of several Fe, Al and Ca minerals, which may play a positive role in metal stabilization. Chemical stabilization with alkaline amendments could be an effective and stable soil remediation strategy for attenuating metal bioavailability and reducing plant metal uptake.     

南亚热带主要果树冻(寒)害低温指标的确定

根据历史气候和冻(寒)害灾情资料、2007/2008、2008/2009年冬季盆栽移放试验和典型年考察资料,以及冻(寒)害形态学标准,采用数理统计和对比印证方法,对南亚热带主要果树冻(寒)害低温指标进行研究。确定了几种主要南亚热带果树的轻、中、重、严重冻(寒)害低温指标,结果分别为龙眼:-1.5～0℃、-2.5～-1.5℃、-3.5～-2.5℃、<-3.5℃;荔枝:-2.0～0℃、-3.0～-2.0℃、-4.0～-3.0℃、<-4.0℃;香蕉:3.0～5.0℃、1.0～3.0℃、-1.0～1.0℃、<-1.0℃。结果可为果树冻害监测预警及避冻区划提供参考。     

2BFQ-6型油菜精量联合直播机气力式排种系统试验研究

为了对2BFQ-6型油菜精量联合直播机气力式排种系统进行研究,该文在气力式油菜精量排种检测系统研制基础上,以排种盘转速、风机转速及正压泄气孔直径为试验因素,进行了320次全因子组合试验,并运用多元非线性回归等数学方法进行试验数据分析处理。结果表明:各因素对系统排种效果影响程度主次为风机转速>排种盘转速>正压泄气孔直径,而风机转速及其与排种盘转速的交互作用分别是影响各行排种量及其一致性的首要因子;在一定范围内,随着风机转速的提高和排种盘转速的降低,系统排种性能趋于稳定;而当正压泄气孔直径在20和30mm时,系统具有较好的排种量一致性。所得出的气力式油菜精量排种系统的排种量方程、排种量一致性方程及90%排种率参数组合图,可为直播机参数匹配提供参考,也可对直播机的排种性能进行评估。     

气候和土地利用变化对潮白河流域径流变化的定量影响

为量化气候和土地利用变化对流域径流的影响,该文以华北土石山区潮白河流域为研究对象,利用AWY(annual water yield)模型及分离评判法定量分析了1956-2010年气候和土地利用变化对流域年径流的影响。结果表明:研究时段内,潮白河流域年降水量和年径流量呈显著下降趋势;流域年径流量在1979年发生减少突变;气候变化是潮河、白河流域年径流减少的主要原因,贡献率分别为59.3%和93.5%;土地利用变化贡献率相对较小,分别为40.7%和6.5%;不同土地利用类型对流域年径流变化的影响差异较大:林地对径流变化贡献率平均达到67%,耕地和草地分别为18%和15%,水域、未利用地因所占面积比例小,与流域年径流变化相关性并不显著。研究结果可为流域内水土资源规划及管理提供参考。     

Competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay for sialoglycoprotein of edible bird's nest in food and cosmetics

The proliferation of fake and inferior edible bird's nest (EBN) products has recently become an increasingly serious concern. To identify and classify EBN products, a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was developed to quantitate sialoglycoprotein in EBN used in food and cosmetic applications. The characteristic sialoglycoprotein in EBN was found, extracted, purified, and analyzed. Sialoglycoprotein, considered the main carrier of sialic acid in EBN, consisted of 106 and 128 kDa proteins. A monoclonal antibody that could recognize both proteins was prepared. The heat-treated process did not change the affinity of sialoglycoprotein with the antibody. An optimized ELISA method was established with a cross-reactivity of less than 0.1% and an IC(50) of 3.3 μg/mL. On the basis of different food and cosmetic samples, the limits of detection (LOD) were 10-18 μg/g. Recoveries of fortified samples at levels of 20 and 80 μg/g ranged from 81.5 to 96.5%, respectively. The coefficients of variation were less than 8.0%.     

苦荞芽期黄酮合成关键酶和MYB转录因子基因的表达分析

苦荞(Fagopyrum tataricum)作为一种药食两用植物,富含以芦丁为主的黄酮类化合物.苦荞芽期芦丁含量较高,其分子机制尚不清楚.本研究选用西荞2号,采用AlCl3法测定了苦荞芽期6～10 d胚轴和子叶中的总黄酮,采用半定量RT-PCR分析其黄酮合成途径中主要关键酶基因苯丙氨酸氨裂解酶基因(Pal)、查尔酮异构酶基因(Chi)和黄酮醇合酶基因(Fls),以及MYB转录因子基因FtMyb1、FtMyb2和FtMyb3的相对表达水平,并对三者之间的相关性进行了统计学分析.结果表明,以相关系数绝对值大于0.75为阈值,子叶中,总黄酮的积累与FtMyb3表达显著正相关(0.9625),与FtMyb2表达显著负相关(-0.8572); Chi与FtMyb2表达显著正相关(0.8468),与FtMyb3表达显著负相关(-0.8010):Pal、Chi和Fls表达彼此显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.9119、0.8920和0.7584.子叶中总黄酮含量在4.58％～5.54％之间,且随芽期递增.Pal、Chi和Fls整体表达趋势相似,均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且Fls的表达水平明显高于前二者.FtMyb2和FtMyb3整体表达趋势相反,FtMyb2呈下降趋势,FtMyb3呈上升趋势.胚轴中,总黄酮含量与Chi显著负相关(-0.8989); Fls与Chi显著负相关(-0.7498).结果提示,苦荞芽期黄酮合成的分子机制较为复杂,但部分基因表达仍存在显著相关性联系,为进一步选择苦荞分子操作靶位点提供参考.     

不同采样尺度下土壤碱解氮空间变异性研究——以榆树市农田土壤为例

在精准农业的实施过程中,研究如何用较少的样本来反映田间信息的空间变异规律,再用科学的插值方法进行插值和预估是精准农业研究中的一个关键问题。以东北典型黑土区——吉林省榆树市为研究区域,在榆树市弓棚镇13号村内选择相对平整的地块进行土壤采样并测试其土壤养分。在对原始采样格网点按一定的样点间隔和布局进行抽取的基础上,利用克里格插值方法和BP神经网络方法分别进行空间插值,比较不同采样尺度（40m×40m,56m×56m,80m×80m,113m×113m,160m×160m五个尺度）对空间插值精度的影响。结果表明:（1）随着采样尺度的增大,碱解氮的空间结构系数C/（C₀+C）有减小的趋势,表明采样间距以内的不可估计误差逐渐增大,其空间结构的表现能力在逐渐减弱;（2）Kriging插值精度总体优于BP神经网络,随着采样尺度的增加,两种模型的模拟精度都有所下降,BP神经网路的插值精度和Kriging模型的插值精度的差距逐渐减小;（3）两种模型在113m×113m尺度上插值精度都发生了突变,如考虑碱解氮的空间变异规律和经济因素,碱解氮的最佳采样尺度应在80～113m。     

中国平原林业工程涵养水源生态服务功能价值估算

平原林业是我国林业建设事业的一个重要组成部分。在过去几十年的发展中,平原林业在生态、经济、社会中发挥了重要作用。为了探讨平原林业在涵养水源生态服务功能方面的贡献,运用水量平衡法、替代工程法以及影子价格,对我国平原林业的涵养水源物质总量和经济价值进行了定量评估。经估算,2005年我国平原林业水源涵养总量是1019.4亿m³,其中华东地区为453.5亿m³,中南地区为304.9亿m³;我国平原林业涵养水源的总价值是5810.56亿元,占2005年全国林业产业总产值的68.69%,单位面积平均涵养水源的价值是23154.7元/hm²,其中中南地区和华东地区分别是34 005.8元/hm²和30334.2元/hm²。     

REDUCING NITRATE CONTENT IN LETTUCE BY PRE-HARVEST CONTINUOUS LIGHT DELIVERED BY RED AND BLUE LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES

Effect of pre-harvest continuous light with different red/blue ratio on photon flux density (R/B ratio) on reducing nitrate accumulation was studied by growing lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under continuous illumination delivered by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Results show that nitrate concentration decreased by 1648.0–2061.1 mg kg^?1 in leaf blade and 962.9–2090.3 mg kg^?1 in petiole, accompanied by a dramatic increase in soluble sugar content. Compared with monochromatic red light treatment, the decrease in nitrate concentration and increase in soluble sugar content in lettuce under mixed red and blue light were more pronounced. The lowest nitrate concentration was observed in the treatment with R/B ratio of 4. It's concluded that pre-harvest exposure to 48?h continuous LED light could effectively reduce nitrate accumulation in lettuce and this process is strongly affected by R/B ratio of light. This study may provide new perspective for pre-harvest quality management of vegetable, especially in commercial leaf vegetable production under artificial lighting.