以不同蚜虫为食的龟纹瓢虫生长发育和繁殖规律研究

本文使用不同蚜虫（棉花型棉蚜、瓜型棉蚜、高粱蚜、豆蚜和绣线菊蚜）和不同蚜虫种类混合群体（棉蚜：高粱蚜=1：3、棉蚜：高粱蚜=1：1、棉蚜：高粱蚜：3：1）饲喂龟纹瓢虫的幼虫和成虫,观察其生长发育与繁殖规律。试验结果表明,不同蚜虫饲料中以饲喂高梁蚜时龟纹瓢虫的世代历期最短,为15d,其它的在17．4～19d;10d的单雌累计产卵量最多为143粒;成虫鲜重最高,雌虫为8．93mg,雄虫为6．58mg,其他4种蚜虫饲料间没有显著差异。饲喂不同蚜虫种类混合群体比单一饲喂高粱蚜时1龄幼虫的存活率有显著提高。综合考虑,高梁蚜是龟纹瓢虫的最佳食物,在低龄幼虫期辅以饲喂棉蚜,更有利于龟纹瓢虫种群数量增加。     

Modifying Myxococcus xanthus protoporphyrinogen oxidase to plant codon usage and high level of oxyfluorfen resistance in transgenic rice

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) of Myxococcus xanthus (Mx Protox) is a 49-kDa membrane protein that catalyzes conversion of protoporphyrinogen IX (Protogen IX) into protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX). Upon heterologous expression in transgenic rice plants, Mx Protox is dually targeted into plastids and mitochondria, increasing resistance against the herbicidal Protox inhibitor oxyfluorfen. Here, we describe the chemical synthesis of the Mx Protox gene by assembling several small synthetic DNA fragments derived by ligation-PCR. Codon usage in the resulting 1416-bp gene was modified to correspond to that of the Arabidopsis Protox gene, a change that resulted in a decrease in G+C content from 71 to 49%. The modified Mx Protox gene was used to generate transgenic rice plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Integration, expression, and inheritance of the transgenes were demonstrated by Southern, Northern, and Western blot analyses. In plants transformed with the modified, low G+C-content Mx Protox gene, levels of Protox expression and enzyme activity were low compared to the levels observed for plants transformed with the native Mx Protox gene. Nonetheless, like the native gene, the modified gene conferred a high level of resistance to the herbicide oxyfluorfen in a seedling growth test.     

河南省烟草病毒的小RNA测序检测

To identify viruses in Henan tobacco-planting areas, from 2015 to 2017 and 2019, 288 symptomatic tobacco samples were collected and then subjected to small RNA sequencing. Results showed that at least 7 viruses were detected from these samples which including four previously reported viruses, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), potato virus Y (PVY) and tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV). Other three viruses, wild tomato mosaic virus (WTMV), brassica yellows virus (BrYV), and cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV) were firstly detected in Henan province. However, tobacco etch virus (TEV) and tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) were not detected from these samples. In addition, CMV, TMV, PVY, TVBMV, and BrYV were the dominant viruses infecting tobacco in Henan Province.     

农民接触农药防护措施及对机体影响的研究

了解农民接触农药时采用的防护措施及对机体的影响,对合格对象进行流行病学问卷调查及精液检测,发现农民在配、喷农药及检修喷药器械时未能安全合理使用防护措施;受教育程度与接触农药防护态度有关;长期小剂量接触农药对不稳定细胞有损害。建议为减少或避免农药中毒,政府应加强对农民进行农药基本知识、安全合理使用的宣传教育、推广和普及;增强农民遵守安全操作规程的自我保护意识。     

新疆温宿盐丘国家地质公园地质遗迹资源及综合评价

新疆温宿盐丘国家地质公园是我国批准的第六批国家地质公园,通过对地质公园周边地质遗迹资源的研究,证实园区拥有全世界独一无二的奥奇克葫芦状盐丘底劈构造遗迹,丰富多彩的流水侵蚀地貌与北方喀斯特地貌,及十分珍稀的雅丹地貌景观遗迹。这些丰富多彩的地质遗迹景观为规划建设一个以盐丘地质景观为主,罕见的岩石与构造地貌为辅,特色鲜明的地质公园提供了条件。     

Effects of quinestrol and levonorgestrel on populations of plateau pikas, Ochotona curzoniae, in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

BACKGROUND: Plateau pikas ( Ochotona curzoniae , Hodgson, 1858) are viewed as a pest in the Tibetan Plateau meadow ecosystem when their population densities are high. Traditional culling using rodenticides often poses a high risk to non‐target species and even to humans. In this study, an investigation was made of the infertility effects of quinestrol (E), levonorgestrel (P) and a combination of the two (EP, ratio E:P = 1:2) on plateau pikas during 2007 and 2008. RESULTS: Treatment with E or EP significantly decreased the pregnancy rate of female pikas in 2007. In 2008, there was a cross‐year effect that still suppressed male reproduction in treated groups. Treatment with E obviously reduced the reproduction of pikas but not their population abundance in 2007; the reduction in population size was significant in 2008. CONCLUSIONS: Single baiting of quinestrol in early breeding season reduced the reproduction and population size of pikas throughout 2007. The effect of infertility lasted into the next breeding season through a cross‐year effect, which resulted in a significant reduction of population size in 2008. Quinestrol is a very promising non‐lethal approach to managing pika populations; however, several factors need to be investigated further to improve the practicality of this method. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同条件下韭菜汁对香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种活性抑制的研究

研究了不同温度、pH值、杀虫剂和杀菌剂的影响下,韭菜汁对香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种的抑制作用,以确定韭菜汁在不同条件影响下对病菌的活力。结果表明,在试验的各温度处理后,55℃以上的温度对韭菜汁的成分有破坏作用,菌落的生长受到显著影响。韭菜根汁对病菌孢子的抑制作用不受pH值的影响。酸性至弱碱性情况下,韭菜茎汁对病菌孢子萌发的抑制率为100%;在强碱性条件下,韭菜茎汁中物质的活性促进了孢子的萌发。供试杀虫剂和杀菌剂对韭菜汁的成分无明显破坏作用。     

红火蚁卵、幼虫和蛹发育起点温度和有效积温研究

在22、25、28、31、34℃下研究了红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta Buren)工蚁卵、幼虫和蛹的发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明,红火蚁的发育历期受温度影响显著,随着温度的升高,各虫态发育历期缩短;幼虫的发育历期最长,其次为蛹,卵的历期最短。红火蚁工蚁卵、幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为19.2℃、20.1℃和18.4℃,有效积温分别为66.7日·度、119.0日.度和99.1日·度。     

农业航空喷雾雾滴漂移及其数学分析

通过田间试验研究,探索了装配GP—81喷头的运五型飞机喷洒2,4—D丁酯乳油稀释液的雾滴漂移状况,建立了有关数学模型。研究表明,较低蒸发度的水雾滴漂移距离为340m,较高挥发度的2,4—D丁酯漂移距离达700m;雾滴密度和沉降量随下风距离增加而减小较快,雾滴直径减小较慢;气象因子和喷液配方对雾滴漂移有重要影响;三次多项式方程Y=b_0 b_1X b_2X~2 b_3X~3能很好地描述雾滴漂移与下风距离的关系,模型中的参数具有明确的实际意义,提出了喷洒2,4—D丁酯时的有效隔离带宽度。     

拟垫跗螋生物学特性的研究

拟垫跗螋是为害造纸原料荻和芦的害虫（蚜虫、蓟马、螨等）的重要捕食性天敌。在湖南洞庭湖区一年发生２代，以成虫和若虫在残杆、渣叶和土缝中越冬。成虫寿命第１代约４个月，第２代连越冬达１０个月。雌雄性比约５４。雌雄均可多次交尾，有的雌虫产卵后又可交尾。每头雌虫的产卵量平均３９．３粒。卵期平均６．５天。若虫期第１代近４个月，第２代连越冬约９个月。大田消长主要受地势高低、洪水、农药、食物等因素影响。并对保护利用跗螋控制害虫的措施进行了讨论