反硝化技术对模拟养殖池塘修复的研究

浙江奉化市池塘的底泥经过反复培养、驯化.从中筛选、分离出反硝化细菌,在模拟实验条件下,研究其对不同浓度的硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除情况,讨论反硝化菌种的生长情况.结果表明,在初始浓度为1、25、50 mg·L-1的硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮模拟池塘中,随着实验的进行,对污染物的去除效果逐渐提高.其中在1 mg·L-1的浓度组中,3 d内硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮去除率就分别达到了95.8%和90.2%;在25 mg·L-1的浓度组中,第6 d硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐的去除率分别为93.8%和87.8%;在50 mg·L-1的浓度组中,第6 d硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐的去除率分别为89.7%和78.7%.此外,反硝化菌对硝酸盐氮的去除效果略优于亚硝酸盐氮,而且硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的浓度越低,对其去除效果越好,达到稳定状态的时间越短.在模拟池塘中,菌种的生长情况与硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的浓度呈负相关,即污染物的浓度越高反硝化菌的生长情况越差.对反硝化菌的生态影响因子研究表明,其反硝化最适宜的pH值为6～7,温度为25～35℃;而且在同一pH值和温度条件下,硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度越低,反硝化菌对其去除效果越好.     

三元猪和宁乡猪血液学参数比较研究

本研究分别采用全血细胞计数分析仪、全自动血液生化分析仪和γ-计数仪测定了三元肥育猪和宁乡肥育猪血常规、血清生化参数和激素含量常值,以供相关研究参考.结果表明,宁乡猪外周血白细胞总数、淋巴细胞计数、红细胞体积分布宽度和血小板分布宽度均显著低于三元猪(P<0.05),平均红细胞血红蛋白、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度、血小板计数和血小板比积均显著高于三元猪(P<0.05);宁乡猪血清总蛋白、氨和葡萄糖含量显著低于三元猪(P<0.05),甘油三酯和甲状腺素T3含量显著高于三元猪(P<0.05).上述结果表明,两个品系猪的多数血常规和血清生化参数及激素含量存在显著差异.     

舍温对生长猪生长性能的影响

选取杜长大三元杂交猪为研究对象,研究在3种不同温度中(低温组、常温组和高温组)猪的日均采食量、日增重和料重比的变化.结果表明,猪在常温下其日增重最大,料重比最低,其次为低温组,高温组最差;低温组采食量最大,但料重比低于常温组,说明猪在常温下饲养,其经济效益最高.     

哲罗鲑雌性蛋白的研究

采用柱层析、蛋白质免疫印迹和电泳等方法,对哲罗鲑Hucho taimen的雌性蛋白进行了系统研究。结果表明：哲罗鲑血清和卵黄中均存在雌性蛋白,其雌性蛋白的性质相同,均为糖脂磷蛋白;与血清雌性特异蛋白一样,卵黄雌性特异蛋白的相对分子质量也为460 000,由相对分子质量分别为137 800、84 200和10 800的3个亚基组成,等电点为5.60;卵黄雌性蛋白的兔抗血清均与哲罗鲑雌性血清发生免疫反应,不与雄性血清发生免疫反应,表明这两种蛋白均具有雌性特异性;两种蛋白的抗血清可以相互检测,表明哲罗鲑雌鱼血清中雌性蛋白与卵黄中的雌性蛋白在免疫原性上和结构上具有较高的同源性。     

野大麦盐胁迫rbcS基因的克隆及序列分析(摘要)(英文)

[目的]研究野大麦盐胁迫rbcS基因的克隆及序列分析。[方法]以盐胁迫下的野大麦幼嫩叶片为试材,根据GenBank中小麦和大麦rbcS基因核酸序列的同源性设计引物,对野大麦基因组DNA进行PCR扩增、回收、连接、转化及测序。[结果]在野大麦的基因组中克隆了2个大小不同的rbcS基因序列rbcS1和rbcS2,长度分别为1252和908bp。rbcS1和rbcS2均由2个外显子和1个内含子组成,外显子长度相等,编码序列为525bp,同源性为96%,编码174个氨基酸;rbcS1和rbcS2内含子大小不同,分别为448和107bp。[结论]该研究为进一步探讨rbcS基因在野大麦耐盐机制中的分子机制奠定了基础。     

禾本科专一性根系分泌物——麦根酸类物质研究进展

在碱性土壤上生长的植物会受到缺铁胁迫,长期缺铁会导致植物发生相应的病害甚至死亡。为适应这一胁迫,机理Ⅱ型植物（如禾本科植物）自身能够通过分泌一类专一性的根系分泌物——麦根酸类物质（也叫植物铁载体）螯合铁来解决自身的铁营养需求。本文对麦根酸类物质在植物生理和遗传方面的研究进行了综述,并对其在植物育种方面的应用前景进行了展望。     

夏枯草不同器官主要药用成分积累规律

为揭示夏枯草不同器官主要药用成分的积累规律,采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定夏枯草不同器官不同时期总黄酮、熊果酸、齐墩果酸、迷迭香酸和咖啡酸含量。结果表明,总黄酮、熊果酸、齐墩果酸、迷迭香酸和咖啡酸在夏枯草根、茎、叶和花中均有分布,但含量不同;总黄酮在叶中含量最高,齐墩果酸在根中含量最高;熊果酸、迷迭香酸和咖啡酸在花中含量最高。总黄酮、熊果酸、齐墩果酸、迷迭香酸和咖啡酸在同一器官不同生长时期含量不同。研究认为夏枯草根、茎、叶、花中都分布有药用成分,可全草入药,并且在终花期至果实成熟期各部位药用成分含量较高,可在此期间采收。     

抗热应激饲料添加剂对猪生长性能的影响及作用机理研究

将112头育肥猪随机地分为7组,在1~6组的日粮中分别添加以下抗热应激添加剂:γ-氨基丁酸0.004%、γ-氨基丁酸0.008%、γ-氨基丁酸0.004%+巴氯芬0.001%、巴氯芬0.001%、γ-氨基丁酸0.004%+巴氯芬0.001%+维生素C(Vc)0.01%、微生态制剂0.05%,第7组为对照组。结果表明:第3、5、6组的日增重分别比对照组提高了15%、18%、18%(P0.05)。无论哪一种添加剂,都可提高猪的采食量,但根据料肉比的结果,以第5组的效果最好。与对照组相比,各处理组皆可使猪消化道内的大肠杆菌和乳酸菌的数量有不同程度的降低(P0.05),而使饲料中蛋白质、钙和磷等营养物质的消化率有不同程度的升高(P0.05)。血清学分析结果表明:与对照组相比,第3组的碱性磷酸酶活力明显升高(P0.05),第4组的球蛋白含量和第6组的葡萄糖含量明显地低于对照组(P0.05),其它血清学指标无明显差异。综上所述,最佳的抗热应激和促生长饲料添加剂为γ-氨基丁酸+巴氯芬+Vc组合。     

TBTV卫星RNA不同分离物的序列测定及系统进化分析*

  利用RT-PCR方法对烟草丛顶病毒（tobacco bushy top virus,TBTV）卫星RNA不同分离物进行扩增和克隆测序,同时运用DNAMAN,MEGA,ClustalX等生物软件对TBTV和其它幽影病毒的卫星RNA核苷酸序列进行同源性比较,构建了幽影病毒属成员卫星RNA的系统进化树。E结果显示：TBTV不同分离物卫星RNA的核苷酸同源性为792%～990%。它们与幽影病毒属其它成员卫星RNA的核苷酸同源性为325%～441%。通过构建幽影病毒属成员卫星RNA的系统进化树可以看出：TBTV的卫星RNA与GRV的卫星RNA亲缘关系最近,与CMoMV的亲缘关系最远。     

基于农作制分区的1985—2015年中国小麦生产时空变化

Comparing spatio-temporal variation characteristics of China’s wheat production, yield, sown area and yield-area-contribution in different farming zones in the past 30 years could help improving wheat planting layout and adjusting planting structure. Concentration index, rate of change, moving of gravity and resolution of yield-area-contribution were used to analyze spatio-temporal changes of China’s wheat production and yield-area-contribution based on county wheat production statistics including sown area, production and yield from 1985 to 2015. The wheat sown area decreased obviously in Northeast farming region, Northwest farming region and South farming region and increased rapidly in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Yangtze Plain farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, the concentration indexes of Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region reached to 20.64%, 25.77%, and 21.65% respectively in 2015. Wheat production increased significantly by more than 48 milliontons in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, and nearly 8 million tons Yangtze Plain farming region but decreased by more than 2.6 million tons in Northeast farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat production was concentrated in Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Yuxi Hill farming region. The average wheat yield continuously improved during the study period, Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Northwest farming region had the yield increase up to 103.5 kg hm ^-2 and 92.9 kg hm ^-2 each year. Wheat yield in Yuxi Hill farming region, Fenwei Basin farming region and Haihe Plain farming region was relatively high in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region. The yield-reduced area was mainly caused by the decreasing of sown area, while the yield-area-contribution rate was different in yield-increased area. Yield-dominant counties were reduced, area-dominant counties were increased and yield-area-dominant counties were relatively steady. In production increased area, yield-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming region, area-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Yangtze Plain farming region. Chinese wheat production was increasingly concentrated in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region which has high and rapid increase of wheat yield over the past three decades. Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region were the most concentrated areas in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region for wheat production during this period. Wheat yield and sown area jointly promoted the increase of wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat sown area was the crucial factor to increase wheat production in Yangtze Plain farming region, especially in the north of Jiangsu, Anhui province and greater part of Xinjiang.