木材预干的原理及实用技术

文章将木材预干的方法分为三类,并分别阐述了各类预干法的概念、特点,并从木材内部水分子移动的规律及外部空气自然循环着手,对木材预干的机理进行了论述。针对采用气干预干法操作的企业提出了几点注意事项。就北方林区预干法的使用提出了具体建议。     

支持转速现场标定的玉米精密排种器电驱控制系统研究

针对现有玉米精密电驱排种控制系统无法快速适应多类型排种器排种控制的问题,在玉米CAN总线电动排种的基础上,设计了一种对玉米排种器排种驱动进行现场标定的电驱控制系统。系统在排种驱动电动机控制信号与排种盘转速之间的对应关系中,采用分段线性插值的方法现场获取排种器驱动曲线,实现排种盘转速标定与控制。以国产气吸式玉米精密排种器和指夹式玉米精密排种器为试验对象,在模拟车速下,对系统排种盘转速现场标定的控制准确性进行试验。电驱气吸式排种器排种盘转速控制性能试验中,株距设定为25 cm,车速设定为3~12 km/h(间隔3 km/h),结果表明,系统调节时间最长为0.80 s,稳态误差最大为0.81 r/min,控制精度最低为97.42%。电驱指夹式排种器排种盘转速控制性能试验中,株距分别设定为20、25、32 cm,车速设定为4~9 km/h(间隔1 km/h),结果表明,总体排种盘转速平均调节时间为1.09 s,标准差为0.26 s;总体平均稳态误差为0.38 r/min,标准差为0.23 r/min;总体平均控制精度为98.30%,标准差为1.01%。与分段PID排种转速控制系统控制性能进行对比得出,支持转速现场标定的系统具有更好的适应性,平均调节时间减少0.51 s,平均稳态误差增大0.16 r/min,平均控制精度降低0.63个百分点。选用指夹式排种器,进行了播种均匀性田间试验,株距为20 cm,车速范围为4~7 km/h(间隔1 km/h),结果表明,播种合格指数大于等于84.26%,变异系数小于等于18.29%,说明系统能够完成对玉米精密排种器排种转速控制曲线的高控制精度现场标定,能够精准控制电驱排种转速。     

山羊FAM134B基因克隆、序列分析及其mRNA表达与肌内脂肪含量的相关性

FAM134B基因对肌内脂肪沉积有重要的调控作用,为了进一步了解FAM134B基因的结构与功能及其对山羊(Capra hirus)肉质的影响,本研究以川中黑山羊为实验动物,采用RT-PCR技术克隆了山羊FAM134B基因,并对核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析,运用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了FAM134B mRNA的表达情况,对肌肉组织中FAM134B mRNA表达与肌内脂肪(intramuscular fat,IMF)含量进行了关联分析。结果表明,山羊FAM134B基因(GenBank登录号:KF684947.1)cDNA全长1 071 bp,编码356个氨基酸,预测蛋白序列含有4个N-连接的糖基化修饰位点,20多个磷酸化位点;系统进化树分析显示,山羊FAM134B核苷酸序列与牛(Bos taurus)的相似性最高;荧光定量PCR分析表明,FAM134B在山羊的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、背最长肌和腿肌中均有表达,其中在肝脏的表达量最高,脾的表达量最低;相关分析显示:山羊背最长肌、腿肌中FAM134B mRNA表达与肌内脂肪含量呈显著正相关。研究结果显示,FAM134B基因可能对山羊肌内脂肪沉积起着重要的调控作用。本研究为进一步了解FAM134B基因的功能及其在反刍动物IMF代谢中的作用和营养调控机制提供一定基础资料。     

Overhead supplemental far-red light stimulates tomato growth under intra-canopy lighting with LEDs

Far-red(FR) light regulates phytochrome-mediated morphological and physiological plant responses.This study aims to investigate how greenhouse tomato morphology and production response to different durations of FR light during daytime and at the end of day(EOD).High-wire tomato plants were grown under intra-canopy lighting consisting of red(peak wavelength at 640 nm) and blue(peak wavelength at 450 nm) light-emitting diodes(LEDs) with photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD) of 144 μmol m–2 s–1 at 10 cm away from the lamps,and combined with overhead supplemental FR light(peak wavelength at 735 nm) with PPFD of 43 μmol m–2 s–1 at 20 cm below the lamps.Plants were exposed to three durations of FR supplemental lighting including: 06:00–18:00(FR12),18:00–19:30(EOD-FR1.5),18:00–18:30(EOD-FR0.5),and control that without supplemental FR light.The results showed that supplemental FR light significantly stimulated stem elongation thereby resulting in longer plants compared with the control.Moreover,FR light altered leaf morphology toward higher leaf length/width ratio and larger leaf area.The altered plant architecture in FR supplemented plants led to a more homogeneous light distribution inside the canopy.Total plant biomass was increased by 9–16% under supplemental FR light in comparison with control,which led to 7–12% increase in ripe fruit yield.Soluble sugar content of the ripe tomato fruit was slightly decreased by longer exposure of the plants to FR light.Dry matter partitioning to different plant organs were not substantially affected by the FR light treatments.No significant differences were observed among the three FR light treatments in plant morphology as well as yield and biomass production.We conclude that under intra-canopy lighting,overhead supplemental FR light stimulates tomato growth and production.And supplementary of EOD-FR0.5 is more favorable,as it consumes less electricity but induces similar effects on plant morphology and yield.     

Role of PPARα/PGC-1α in doxorubicin induced mouse dilated cardio-myopathy

AIM: To investigate the changes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)α/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) in doxorubicin (DOX) induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and its effect on the energy metabolism and myocardial function in mice. METHODS: Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, DOX group, PPARα inhibitor group and PPARα agonist group. The DCM model was established by injection of DOX. The protein levels of PPARα/PGC-1α were detected. The PPARα inhibitor and PPARα agonist were used 2 weeks beforeinjection of DOX. The contents of adenine acid and phosphocreatine (Pcr) in the mitochondria were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ANT activity was analyzed by the atractyloside-inhibitor stop technique. The changes of the echocardiography and hemodynamics were also observed. RESULTS: DOX induced DCM model was successfully established. The protein levels of PPARα and PGC-1α in control group were significantly higher than those in DOX group (P<0.05). Both of the high-energy phosphate contents and the transport activity of ANT were decreased in DOX group (P<0.05), and the hemodynamic parameters were disordered (P<0.01). Compared with DOX group, PPARα inhibitor pre-treatment significantly reduced the PPARα/PGC-1α expression. Meanwhile, high-energy phosphate contents in the mitochondria and the ANT transport activity of the mitochondria decreased, as well as the left ventricular function (P<0.05). On the other hand, PPARα agonist significantly increased the expression of PPARα and PGC-1α, and improved the transport activity of ANT. In addition, the hemodynamic parameters were ameliorated, but the high-energy phosphate contents of the mitochondria did not significantly change. CONCLUSION: PPARα/PGC-1α plays an important role in the regulation of ANT transport activity in dilated cardiomyopathy induced by DOX, and the activation of PPARα/PGC-1α has protective effects on the DCM induced by DOX.     

涪陵南沱茎瘤芥种植基地环境质量评价--土壤重金属

采用环境调查的方法研究了涪陵南沱镇茎瘤芥种植基地土壤重金属含量。结果表明,该区域土壤整体上重金属污染水平较低,基本没受到汞和铬污染,但已受到了铜、铅、镉污染,特别是镉污染已经相当严重。相关分析和回归预测分析均表明土壤养分对土壤重金属含量有较大影响。     

液体地膜育苗对棉花生育与产量的影响研究

研究了液体地膜育苗对棉花生长发育与产量的影响。试验表明 ,与塑料拱棚育苗相比 ,适量液体地膜( 5 0 0～ 75 0kg·hm 2 )育苗棉花增产显著。其增产机理是棉苗质量高 ,移栽后缓苗期短 ;叶面积大 ,生育前期增加快 ,后期下降幅度小 ;叶片光化学特性得到改善 ,棉铃蔗糖转化酶活性提高 ;成铃时空分布合理 ,优质铃数增加 ,铃重提高。在棉花生产中 ,采用液体地膜育苗是一项可行的技术     

长沙市郊枫香人工林降水再分配及养分动态

采用定位试验研究方法对长沙市郊枫香人工林生态系统水文过程及养分动态进行了研究.结果表明：该森林生态系统春季平均降雨量为18.73 mm,其中以林冠穿透雨形式输入林地水量占降雨量的81.63%,以树干流形式输入林地水量占1.54%;树冠截留率随降雨量的增大而减小,平均树冠截留率为16.83%;在枫香人工林中,降水pH值的变化不大,且基本呈中性;养分元素质量浓度在各过程中变化不尽相同,Ca^2＋、K^＋质量浓度在穿透水和树干茎流中呈上升趋势,NH4^＋质量浓度在树干茎流中呈上升趋势,Zn^2＋、PO4^3-质量浓度呈下降趋势,Mg^2＋、Cu^2＋质量浓度变化不大.     

人工湿地植物研究现状

植物是人工湿地污水处理系统的一个非常重要的组成部分.本文对人工湿地系统植物的作用、植物的类型和种类进行了阐述,并提出了人工湿地植物研究中存在的问题.     

大蒜主要农艺性状的相关与通径分析

对29个头蒜品种的13个农艺性状进行评价,并对其中12个农艺性状与单株产量进行相关与通径分析。相关分析表明,蒜头横径、蒜头高、叶宽、叶长、株高、外瓣数与单株产量的相关性达极显著水平,相关系数分别为0.95、0.92、0.84、0.71、0.61和0.47。通径分析表明,蒜头横径、蒜头高、叶宽与叶长4个性状对单株产量的影响较大。结合回归方程,确定蒜头横径、蒜头高与叶宽为影响单株产量的主要因素,可以作为大蒜高产育种的重要指标。