Isolation and characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from national horse racetracks and private horse-riding courses in Korea

Limited information is available regarding horse-associated antimicrobial resistant (AR) Escherichia (E.) coli. This study was designed to evaluate the frequency and characterize the pattern of AR E. coli from healthy horse-associated samples. A total of 143 E. coli (4.6%) were isolated from 3,078 samples collected from three national racetracks and 14 private horse-riding courses in Korea. Thirty of the E. coli isolates (21%) showed antimicrobial resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, and four of the AR E. coli (13.3%) were defined as multi-drug resistance. Most of the AR E. coli harbored AR genes corresponding to their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. Four of the AR E. coli carried class 1 integrase gene (intI1), a gene associated with multi-drug resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis showed no genetic relatedness among AR E. coli isolated from different facilities; however, cross-transmissions between horses or horses and environments were detected in two facilities. Although cross-transmission of AR E. coli in horses and their environments was generally low, our study suggests a risk of transmission of AR bacteria between horses and humans. Further studies are needed to evaluate the risk of possible transmission of horse-associated AR bacteria to human communities through horse riders and horse-care workers.     

Effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs

We measured the growth performance and meat quality of 10 crossbred (Yorkshire × Duroc × Landrace) neutered male pigs to evaluate the effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage (APMS). The pigs were divided into two groups and were respectively fed the control feed and the AMPS ad libitum during the experiment. No difference was found in the finished body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, back fat thickness or dressing ratio between the control and the AMPS treatments, but average dairy feed intake (dry matter) was significantly lower and feed efficiency was significantly higher using the APMS treatment (P < 0.05). With regard to meat quality, the APMS increased the moisture content but decreased the water holding capacity (P < 0.05) compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, the APMS affected the fatty acid composition of the back fat by increasing linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3) and arachidic acid (C20:0) levels, while decreasing palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) levels, compared with the control treatment. These results indicate that feeding fermented apple pomace to finishing pigs increases the feed efficiency and affects the meat quality and fatty acid composition of back fat.     

鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝理化性状的比较研究

为了明确鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝的理化性能,采用六个庄口的蚕茧分别缫制的鲜茧生丝和干茧生丝,进行生丝样品的器械检测.结果表明,来源不同庄口的鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝,其清洁、洁净、断裂强度、断裂伸长率、切断、丝胶溶失率等性能无明显差异,而干茧生丝的抱合性能优于鲜茧生丝.鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝的热学性能和丝蛋白结构也无明显差异.     

猪精液常温保存中微生物的研究进展

猪的精液含有丰富的利于微生物生长繁殖的营养物质,在采集、稀释和分装过程中,难免受到微生物污染,致使精液保存时间缩短、精子活力下降。本文综述了精液中微生物的种类、微生物对猪精液品质的影响以及降低精液中微生物的基本措施,以期为减少猪精液中微生物的污染和进一步提高猪精液品质提供一定的依据。     

麦草畏、水杨酸对西洋参成熟种胚体细胞胚发生的影响

以西洋参成熟种胚为试材,以不加激素和添加0.5mg/L 2,4-D的MS培养基为对照,研究了不同浓度(0.05~2.00mg/L)麦草畏、水杨酸对西洋参体胚发生的影响。结果表明:未添加激素的空白培养基没有愈伤和体胚发生;在附加2,4-D的培养基中愈伤和体胚发生率为100%;5个浓度的麦草畏和水杨酸均能诱导出体胚,其中1.00mg/L麦草畏的效果最佳,体胚发生率为56.60%,水杨酸处理下体胚发生率最高为7.50%;在各种浓度的水杨酸中种胚生长量比对照小且褐化严重。说明麦草畏、水杨酸均可诱导西洋参成熟种胚体细胞胚发生,诱导能力2,4-D麦草畏水杨酸;水杨酸对种胚生长有抑制作用。     

影响‘小凤兰’根状茎增殖、分化和壮苗的因素研究

以‘小凤兰’根状茎为试材,研究了影响‘小凤兰’根状茎增殖、分化、生根壮苗的因素。结果表明:MS基本培养基、蔗糖30g/L、6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L、活性炭0.5g/L有利于根状茎增殖,而添加20%椰汁和番茄汁40g/L会抑制根状茎增殖。1/2MS基本培养基、蔗糖30g/L、6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L、20%椰汁、1 000lx光照强度有利于根状茎分化,不加活性炭有利于芽分化,但抑制根分化,而添加活性炭则抑制芽分化,促进苗分化。添加土豆泥60g/L显著促进试管苗生长,3~4cm高的苗在培养基1/2MS+6-BA 0.1mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L+蔗糖20g/L+土豆泥60g/L+卡拉粉8g/L+活性炭0.5g/L中培养40d即可移栽。     

贮藏温度对采后“金艳”猕猴桃品质和后熟的影响

以"金艳"猕猴桃为试材,采用不同温度贮藏的方法,研究了温度对果实品质和呼吸强度的影响。结果表明:1℃贮藏可以很好的保持果实品质,呼吸强度峰值出现晚,保持了较高的果肉硬度;5℃和10℃贮藏能够促进果实的后熟,加速呼吸强度峰值的到来、果实硬度的下降和可溶性固形物含量的上升;但35℃贮藏的果实7d后会失去商品价值,发生腐败;16℃贮藏果实后熟品质不佳。在整个贮藏过程中,果实干物质含量在上述温度条件下贮藏变化都不明显,但在一定范围内,干物质含量会随着温度的上升而有所增加。     

宁夏日光温室基质栽培不同菜豆适应性种植比较

以10个菜豆品种为试材,在有机基质栽培条件下,比较分析了10个架豆王(菜豆)品种的生育进程、嫩荚特征和产量。结果表明:参试的10个菜豆品种嫩荚均为长圆棍形,长22~30cm、宽7.5~10.00mm、单果11~15g,生长势较强,质地脆嫩,播种到采收55~62d,均可在宁夏引黄灌区进行有机基质栽培;产量最高的是"红珍珠",667m~2产量为2 538.25kg,播种到收获需要60d,前期产量、总产量和采收期均为各品种之首,其次为"西凉架豆王"、"绿奥领秀",前期产量与总产量也较高,可作为主栽品种进行推广种植;"特早一尺嫩"为超早熟品种,播种到收获仅需55d,其单果重最大,前期产量较高,但采收期短,因此,总产量最低,适合作为日光温室休闲期间的轮作倒茬栽培品种推广。     

武汉地区梨瘿蚊生物学特性及其种群动态变化研究

以梨瘿蚊为研究对象,采用显微观察及田间统计方法,调查了梨瘿蚊的危害症状,梨瘿蚊卵、幼虫、成虫的形态特征及其产卵习性等生物学特性,系统研究了梨瘿蚊成虫种群和幼虫种群动态变化及梨园天敌昆虫的动态变化。结果表明:梨瘿蚊在湖北省梨产区1年发生3代,越冬代成虫羽化出土时间周期较长,从2月下旬出土,一直持续到3月下旬羽化达到高峰,梨瘿蚊幼虫种群在1年中出现3次危害高峰,危害高峰在梨瘿蚊成虫羽化后20~30d后出现;当环境温度高于30℃时,梨瘿蚊幼虫结茧化蛹,不再羽化;梨园中梨瘿蚊的天敌昆虫的种类主要包括草蛉、异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫、食蚜蝇、蜘蛛和蚂蚁等。     

中间锦鸡儿花水浸提液对三种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用

以中间锦鸡儿和玉米、苏丹草、高丹草种子为试材,以蒸馏水为对照,采用培养皿滤纸法,研究了不同梯度(0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0、25.0mg·mL~(-1))中间锦鸡儿花水浸提液对3种受体作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,以期对农林复合系统生产和构建提供理论依据和有益参考。结果表明:随着中间锦鸡儿花水浸提液质量浓度的增加,受体作物玉米、苏丹草、高丹草种子的平均发芽率和发芽指数均表现"低浓度促进,高浓度抑制"效应,但不同质量浓度水浸提液对3种农作物种子发芽的影响有差异性,在质量浓度为1.0mg·mL~(-1)时,3种农作物的种子相对发芽率间无显著差异(P0.05),除玉米外,另外2种受体作物种子的平均发芽率均表现为促进作用,且对高丹草的促进作用最大,RI=13.70%;在高浓度浸提液(C≥5.0mg·mL~(-1))处理下3种受体作物种子的发芽指数与对照均表现显著差异(P0.05)。玉米、苏丹草和高丹草的胚根、胚芽对中间锦鸡儿花水浸提液的化感效应均表现为"浓度效应";3种受体作物的苗高随着浸提液处理浓度的增大表现为"低促高抑",高浓度的浸提液对高丹草幼苗高度的抑制作用最强。花水浸提液对苏丹草和高丹草的幼苗干重化感效应表现为"低促高抑"效应,而对玉米幼苗干重表现为"高浓度抑制"效应。中间锦鸡儿花水浸提液对3种受体作物的化感作用综合效应大小依次为高丹草玉米苏丹草。