《烟草育种学》课程教学改革的实践探索

河南农业大学烟草育种课程组全体教师对《烟草育种学》的教学内容、教学方式和考核形式进行了系列改革。近年来的教学实践表明,这些改革措施充分调动了学生学习的主动性,达到了改善教学质量的效果,为高等农业院校该课程的教学提供一定的参考。     

从近日豆粕价格小幅走高看后市行情

由于世界范围内大豆供应充足,而国内养殖业陷入低谷,导致下游豆粕需求始终未见明显提升,2006年以来的国内豆粕市场持续振荡走低,市场纷纷看空。进入8月份后,豆粕现货价格表现出了明显的抗跌特征,整体振荡,涨跌幅度均不大。尽管日前美国农业部8月份的供需报告中将全球大豆库存由     

冬小麦秸秆不同处理饲喂肉牛的效果观察

将冬小麦秸秆经微贮、氨化处理后进行饲喂肉牛增重育肥试验,对照牛喂自然干麦秸。48 头供试牛(每组16 头),试验结果为:喂微贮麦秸组头均日增重0.89kg,喂氨化麦秸组头均日增重0.84kg,对照组头均日增重0.57kg。试验组与对照组比较差异极显著(P< 0.01),两试验组差异不显著(P> 0.05)。将各组耗料(包括精料、粗料)、增重按市价进行效益分析,60 天试验期结束,微贮组平均每头获得114.00 元,氨化组平均每头获利63.13 元,对照组平均每头亏损14.36 元。冬小麦秸杆处理后饲喂肉牛效果明显。微贮法优于氨化法,成本低,易操作,饲喂效果好,在农区应大力推广。     

Serine-to-glycine ratios in low-protein diets regulate intramuscular fat by affecting lipid metabolism and myofiber type transition in the skeletal muscle of growing-finishing pigs

Serine and glycine are 2 of the first-affected nonessential amino acids in low crude protein (CP) diets for pigs. Therefore, we explored the effects of different dietary serine-to-glycine ratios on growth performance and lipid metabolism in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 160 crossbred healthy barrows, with a similar body weight of around 59.50 kg, were randomly allotted into 1 of 5 treatments (8 pens per treatment and 4 pigs per pen). The serine-to-glycine ratios of the 5 dietary treatments were as follows: diet A (NORMAL group), 1.18:1 (16% CP); diet B (LOW group), 1.2:1 (12% CP); diet C (S2G1 group), 2:1 (12% CP); diet D (S1G2 group), 1:2 (12% CP); and diet E (S1G1 group), 1:1 (12% CP).We found that the pigs fed a low CP diet (12% CP), when maintaining serine-to-glycine ratio at 1:2 and a total amount of 1.44%, had the same average daily gain as the pigs fed a normal CP diet (16% CP) (P > 0.05), but they had increased intramuscular fat (P < 0.05). Furthermore, they exhibited higher expression of genes involved in lipid oxidation (P < 0.05), which was regulated by modulating methylation levels in the promoters of acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain (ACADM). When compared with the pigs fed a normal CP diet, these pigs had more oxidative myofibers (P < 0.05), which were regulated by AMPK-PGC-1α and Calcineurin-MEF2/NFAT pathways in a coordinated manner. Our findings suggested that a dietary serine-to-glycine ratio of 1:2 is beneficial for improving meat quality in pigs fed a low CP diet.     

桑尺蠖和丝棉木金星尺蠖的微孢子虫对家蚕病原性和胚种传染性研究

从桑尺蠖（ＨｅｍｅｒｏｐｈｉｌａａｔｒｉｌｉｎｅａｔａＢｕｔｌｅｒ）中分离的微孢子虫（简称桑尺蠖微孢子虫），形态为长卵圆形，大小为３．５～４．１×１．６～１．９μｍ。从丝棉木金星尺蠖（ＣａｌｏｓｐｉｌｏｓｓｕｓｐｅｃｔａＷａｒｒｅｎ）中分离的微孢子虫（简称丝棉木金星尺蠖微孢子虫），形状为卵圆形，大小为３．２～３．７×１．６～２．１μｍ。两种微孢子虫均能感染寄生家蚕的主要组织器官，引起蚕儿发病，但致病力要比家蚕微孢子虫（Ｎｏｓｅｍａｂｏｍｂｙｃｉｓ）弱，且能经卵传染给下一代，其胚种传染率要比家蚕微孢子虫低。     

西藏农区犊牛死亡原因调查

为确认西藏农区黄牛、奶牛、犏牛和牦牛犊牛死亡率比例较高的原因,经实地走访调查、对发病牛、死亡牛剖检、采样于实验室进行病原学和血清学检测。结果表明,营养不良导致免疫力低下,使病原菌侵入并迅速繁殖,最终导致犊牛致死的主要原因。进一步的病原学和血清学检测结果表明,西藏农区犊牛病死率为9.34%,其中以昌都犊牛死亡率为最高达10.10%、拉萨市8.50%的犊牛死亡率为最低;西藏农区虚弱犊牛、发病犊牛、濒死犊牛血液、组织样本大肠埃希菌平均阳性率为48.05%,沙门菌平均阳性率为31.54%;濒死犊牛的血清经ELISA、凝集试验等方法检测口蹄疫、牛弓形体病等血清抗体水平均衡,均在98%以上。通过该调查研究,为防治西藏农区犊牛死亡提供了理论参考。     

鸡对粉浆蛋白粉的氨基酸利用率测定

用排空强饲法对粉浆蛋白粉的常规成分、代谢能及氨基酸利用率进行了测定。结果表明:粉浆蛋白粉干物质中含有粗蛋白质78.4％;代谢能为15.86MJ/kg;赖氨酸5.03％;蛋氨酸0.39％;胱氨酸1.30％;异亮氨酸3.25％;亮氨酸6.92％;精氨酸6.68％:酪氨酸2.34％;苯丙氨酸3.78％:组氨酸1.75％。这些必需氨基酸利用率分别为:92.0％、81.7％、85.2％、90.2％、92.9％、92.4％、90.5％、90.5％和92.1％。其氨基酸利用率介于豆饼与鱼粉之间,是一种值得开发的蛋白质饲料资源。     

Perinatal hypoxia induces subsequent retinal degeneration in the offspring of ovoviviparous fish, Xiphophorous maculates

OBJECTIVE: This experiment evaluated the perinatal hypoxic effect on the retina of offspring of the ovoviviparous fish. ANIMAL STUDIED: The ovoviviparous fish Xiphophorous maculates was used for the experiment. PROCEDURE: The mothers were kept in a hypoxic environment of 3.5% oxygen for 6 h, starting 30 h before hatching. Subsequently, the retinae of the offspring were fixed, sectioned at 6 microm and evaluated microscopically from the age of 1 to 35 days. RESULTS: Degeneration of the outer nuclear layer of the retina was noted on the 3rd day and severe retinal degeneration was observed on the 35th day. Immunocytochemistry confirmed apoptosis by TUNEL reaction. There was no difference in neovascularization, as revealed by vascular endothelial growth factor, between controls (group 1) and hypoxic fish (group 2). CONCLUSIONS: Perinatal hypoxia could have long-lasting effects on the central nervous system in some species.     

先灵葆雅:打造动保业金牌跨国公司——"先灵葆雅家禽疾病防治和饲料技术高峰论坛"在千岛湖举行

2007年5月29日,"先灵葆雅家禽疾病防治和饲料技术高峰论坛"在浙江千岛湖顺利举行,这是继2006年5月四川峨眉山"家禽疾病防治高层论坛"后先灵葆雅动物保健在中国的又一次盛     

BRCA1基因多态性及其与奶牛乳房炎抗性的相关性研究

为了研究BRCA1基因突变与荷斯坦奶牛体细胞数和体细胞评分的关系,试验通过对BRCA1基因外显子13、14进行克隆、序列比对和挖掘已有突变的方法确定该基因的多态位点,采用SNaPshot技术检测了BRCA1基因25025 T>A和46126 G>T突变位点在北京郊区荷斯坦奶牛群体中的分布,并对突变位点与体细胞数和体细胞评分进行了关联分析。结果表明,荷斯坦奶牛BRCA1基因2个位点均检测到3种基因型,其中25025 bp位点TT基因型为优势基因型,46126 bp位点GT基因型为优势基因型。25025 bp位点AA基因型个体体细胞数(P<0.05)和体细胞评分(P<0.01)都显著低于TT和TA基因型;46126 bp位点TT基因型个体体细胞数显著低于GG和GT基因型个体(P<0.05),但3种基因型个体体细胞评分无显著差异(P>0.05)。本研究结果初步表明,BRCA1基因25025和46126 bp位点可作为中国荷斯坦牛乳房炎抗性的标记辅助选择。