分子标记技术及其在水稻基因定位上的应用

分子标记作为一种新兴的遗传标记手段,因其特有的优势而得到广泛的应用,带动了许多领域的快速发展。本文主要对分子标记的一般特点,基于全基因序列、简单重复序列、已知的特定序列、反转录转座子、单核苷酸的分子标记的类型及各类型代表性技术的基本原理和各自的优缺点进行详尽的综述,并进一步介绍了近年来分子标记在水稻基因定位上的相关应用,如水稻高产、优质、抗逆和抗病等重要农艺性状基因的分离克隆。最后还对分子标记技术在遗传图谱构建、基因定位和分子标记辅助育种等方面的应用前景予以展望,以期该技术能发挥更大的作用。     

组培枣苗基因组DNA提取方法及其含量的比较

本文以组培二倍体木枣、四倍体变异苗和二倍体京枣苗为供试材料,采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外分光光度检测技术,研究了不同提取方法对其叶片基因组DNA的提取效果。结果表明,CTAB法提取枣叶片DNA的效果优于SDS法,表现为蛋白质杂质干扰少,DNA结构完整、纯度与得率高;用不同方法提取的样液中DNA片段的大小和分布是不同的,以改进的CTAB法提取的样液中大片段的DNA分子较多,所以在其底部分布较多,而用SDS法提取的样液中小片段的DNA分子较多,故在其上部分布较多;电泳时不同的加样量获得的DNA带也有较大差异,试验选出CTAB法提取样液的适宜的加样量为5μL（7.485μg）,SDS法提取样液的适宜的加样量为4μL（5.988μg）;枣品种间DNA的含量明显不同,木枣四倍体的DNA含量（3.074μg/μL）相当于组培木枣二倍体（1.497μg/μL）的2倍,也明显地高于京枣二倍体（2.182μg/μL）。这些结果为枣树遗传种质资源的研究奠定了一定的科学与技术基础。     

Health Assessment Indicator System for Larch Plantation in Jin’gouling Forest Farm, Jilin Province

For the healthy management of plantation, a health assessment indicator system was designed at forest stand scale for the larch plantation in Jin'ouling Forest Farm, Wangqing Forestry Bureau, Jilin Province. The system consisted of 3 categories—forest structure, external interferences and management objectives, with 15 indicators. The results showed that: 1) the assessment indicator system was scientific and rational for different age groups of larch plantations; 2) both the half-mature larch plantation and...     

永泰县柿炭疽病的发生与防治

柿炭疽病主要为害新梢、果实,造成树势衰弱、产量下降,是永泰县柿树生产上重要病害之一,通过柿炭疽病发生特点调查、药效试验和当地防治经验,提出以健生栽培为主、药剂保护为辅的综合防控措施。     

滇东南橡胶树寒害后次期性害虫危害状况调查

调查了2011年1月云南滇东南橡胶树遭受特大寒害后,引发了以橡胶树小蠹虫类为主的次期性害虫的严重发生和危害,共调查橡胶树6 541株,其中受小蠹虫危害株418株,橡胶树虫蛀率6%,共采集成虫标本232头,种类分属小蠹科Scolytidae、长小蠹科Platypodidae、锯谷盗科Siovanidae、露甲科Nitidulidae等4科4属5种,暗翅材小蠹(Xyleborus semiopacus)和对粒材小蠹(Xyleborus perforans)为优势种;调查还对由于频繁的自然灾害和长年的营养失衡导致橡胶树群体衰退是橡胶林次期性害虫大发生的潜在和根本的原因进行探讨;提出需要对滇东南植胶环境重新研究和评价,对植胶半个多世纪所依循的技术体系和经营体制进行重新审视,以期实现重大变革,使滇东南植胶业得以持续发展。     

香蕉不同施肥试验研究初报

通过对河口地区连作多年香蕉园施肥试验,比较了不施氮、磷、钾肥对香蕉生长和产量的影响;根据土壤和植株营养测定数据,应用养分平衡法估算香蕉养分吸收量、土壤养分校正系数和肥料利用率等参数,为次年平衡配方施肥试验提供基础数据。     

西双版纳棚栽辣木主要害虫及防治

介绍了西双版纳棚栽辣木存在的主要害虫:朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval)、美洲斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae Blanchard)、斜纹夜蛾(Prodenia litura Fabricius)和小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)为害症状和防治。     

铁皮石斛茎段丛生芽诱导研究

通过对铁皮石斛组培过程的外植体消毒方法,以及不同培养基、培养基添加物的筛选试验,结果表明:多种消毒剂配合使用并进行二次消毒的效果最好;基础培养基以1/2MS较好;1/2 MS+5.0mg/L NAA+2.0mg/L 6-BA是最适合丛芽分化的诱导培养基;在培养基中添加香蕉10%+洋芋10%生根多,瓶苗长势好。     

Terminology for classifying the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) status of swine herds

Standardized terminology for the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) status of swine herds is necessary to facilitate communication between veterinarians, swine producers, genetic companies, and other industry participants. It is also required for implementation of regional and national efforts towards PRRSV control and elimination. The purpose of this paper is to provide a herd classification system for describing the PRRSV status of herds, based upon a set of definitions reflecting the biology and ecology of PRRSV. The herd classification system was developed by a definitions committee formed jointly by the American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV) and the United States Department of Agriculture PRRS-Coordinated Agricultural Project, and was approved by the AASV Board of Directors on March 9, 2010. The committee included veterinarians from private practice and industry, researchers, and representatives from AASV and the National Pork Board. Breeding herds, with or without growing pigs on the same premises, are categorized as Positive Unstable (Category I), Positive Stable (Category II), Provisional Negative (Category III), or Negative (Category IV) on the basis of herd shedding and exposure status. Growing-pig herds are categorized as Positive or Negative. Recommended testing procedures and decision rules for herd classification are detailed.