循环水养殖模式对水体微生物、蛋鸭粪便微生物和土壤微生物的影响

试验旨在研究循环水养殖模式对水体微生物、蛋鸭粪便微生物和土壤微生物的影响。分别采集样品检测饮水管、戏水池、排水沟、各级消化池的水样和鸭舍内粪样、运动场粪样及周边土壤样品,采用平板计数法检测微生物数量。结果表明:(1)与排水沟的微生物数量相比,各级消化池和饮水管的大肠杆菌数分别降低28.13%、32.42%、40.98%和33.94%,"沙门+志贺"氏菌数分别降低13.75%、53.13%、82.5%和79.38%,均差异极显著(P<0.01);(2)与鸭舍内粪便微生物数量相比,运动场的大肠杆菌数和"沙门+志贺"氏菌数分别增加3.08%和2.29%,但差异不显著(P>0.05),土壤的大肠杆菌数和"沙门+志贺"氏菌数分别降低9.00%和3.70%,均差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可知,循环水养殖模式能显著减少各级消化池和饮水管中病原微生物的数量。     

添加微生物植酸酶对中国绍兴麻鸭产蛋性能的影响

试验选用 1 2 0 0只 2 6周龄的中国绍兴麻鸭 ,随机分为 5个处理组 ,每个处理组 2 4 0只鸭 ,分为 4个重复 ,试验期 70天。观测微生物植酸酶替代日粮中部分磷酸氢钙对产蛋鸭生产性能的影响。结果表明 ,添加 3 0 0FTU/Kg植酸酶替代产蛋鸭高峰饲料中 70 %磷酸氢钙时就可保持产蛋鸭的生产性能不变。随着植酸酶添加量的增加 ,产蛋鸭的生产性能越好 ,添加 4 0 0FTU/Kg植酸酶替代产蛋鸭高峰饲料中70 %磷酸氢钙时 ,产蛋率极显著优于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。添加 50 0FTU/Kg植酸酶替代产蛋鸭高峰饲料中70 %磷酸氢钙时 ,产蛋率极显著地优于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )、饲料转化率显著地优于对照组 (P <0 .0 5) ,采食量各组之间差异不显著。由此可见 ,植酸酶可以用于产蛋鸭高峰饲料中 ,且以添加 4 0 0～ 50 0FTU/Kg植酸酶活性单位的饲养效果最好     

羊IL-1Ra基因全长cDNA克隆及生物信息学分析

试验旨在对羊白介素1受体颉颃因子（interleukin-1 receptor antagonist,IL-1Ra）基因进行全长cDNA克隆及生物学分析。根据布鲁氏菌感染羊白细胞层SSH cDNA文库中的IL-1Ra基因序列信息及已知核苷酸序列（GenBank登录号：KC425613.1）设计引物,利用RT-PCR结合RACE方法扩增并克隆IL-1Ra基因,对其进行序列及相关分子特性分析。结果表明,羊IL-1Ra基因全长为1 228 bp,可编码174个氨基酸,含有1个完整的IL-1保守结构域和1个IL-1Ra结构域（PHA02651结构域）。IL-1Ra分子质量为19 765.8 u,等电点（pI）为5.72,其分子式为C₈₈₅H₁₃₈₅N₂₃₅O₂₅₆S₁₁,且含有信号肽。二级结构分析显示,IL-1Ra分子存在较多的β折叠及受体结合位点,与三级结构预测结果一致,且与人/鼠IL-1Ra分子的空间结构相似度极高,达到90%以上。羊IL-1Ra有IL-1特有的三叶草结构,其酶结合结构域位于TYR⁴⁷至GLU⁶⁶之间。将羊IL-1Ra与牛、虎鲸、宽吻海豚、猪、家犬、人、鼠等14个物种进行蛋白质同源性比对,发现在各物种间存在5个高度同源的半胱氨酸位点。系统进化树分析发现,羊IL-1Ra基因全长cDNA所编码的氨基酸序列同山羊、牛单独形成一个分支。本研究结果为今后深入研究IL-1Ra基因的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

浅谈如何培养缉毒犬在搜毒工作中的自信心

<正>缉毒犬在搜毒工作中的自信心是指训犬员在使用缉毒犬的相关场所对搜索对象进行搜毒活动时,缉毒犬所表现出的积极、主动、细致、持久的强烈渴求发现毒品的心理状态,以及由此心理状态引发的一系列搜索活动。     

豆粕固态限定发酵和强化发酵的研究

本文采用短乳杆菌、酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和地表芽孢杆菌进行豆粕固态限定发酵和强化发酵的研究,对发酵过程中小分子蛋白含量、菌量、pH及胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性等进行了测定.结果表明:纯菌条件下,接种短乳杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌实验组限定发酵的小分子蛋白含量分别为31.0%和28.3%,高于接种酵母菌试验组的22.4%.且小分子蛋白积累高峰时间为48～72 h;接种地表芽孢杆菌实验组的胰蛋白酶抑制剂降解率高于接种短乳杆菌或酵母菌实验组.豆粕天然发酵试验组的小分子蛋白含量和胰蛋白酶抑制剂降解率分别为22.2%和44.1%.接种短乳杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌试验组的小分子蛋白含量和胰蛋白酶抑制剂降解率分别为32.4%、99.5%和29.3%、99.7%.表明接种强化发酵有助于小分子蛋白含量的提高和胰蛋白酶抑制剂的降解.     

Effects of oral administration of Spirulina platensis and probiotics on serum immunity indexes,colonic immune factors,fecal odor,and fecal flora in mice

To evaluate the effects of Spirulina platensis and probiotics on growth, immunity indexes, fecal flora, and fecal odor in mice, 40 mice were randomly allotted to four groups, and each was administrated with nothing, S. platensis, probiotics, or both for 28 days, respectively. Then, many indexes were measured. The results showed that S. platensis was more effective (P < 0.001) than probiotics in improving mice's feed conversion ration (FCR). In immunity, probiotics administration increased (P < 0.042) serum IgE, IgM, IFN-γ, colonic AHR, TLR4, and NF-κB protein expression and decreased (P < 0.039) serum IL-1α, IL-21, IL-22, and colonic ARNT gene expression. However, the S. platensis showed weaker effect, which increased (P < 0.025) the serum IgE, IgM, TNF-α, and the colonic AHR and NF-κB protein expression, and decreased (P < 0.01) serum IL-21. Probiotics consumption decreased the fecal odor by decreasing (P < 0.02) fecal Escherichia coli, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and skatole contents, and the S. platensis decreased (P = 0.04) the IAA. These results indicated that oral administration of probiotics, S. platensis, or both of them in mice probably benefited body's immunity and reduced fecal odor. However, their mechanisms were still unclear and need further study.     

Ontogenetic resource use and trophic dynamics of endangered juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus among diversified nursery habitats in the northern Beibu Gulf,China

Horseshoe crabs, the most well-known example of “living fossils”, are iconic and ecologically important macroinvertebrates in coastal and estuarine ecosystems. Their blood is a crucial resource for manufacturing Limulus or Tachypleus amebocyte lysate to detect bacterial endotoxins or fungal contamination in drug and medical devices. An enhanced understanding of their ecological roles and trophic interactions in the food webs is fundamental to facilitate resource management for the declining populations in Asia. Foraging information of the Asian species, however, is mainly derived from preliminary, scattered reports from a limited number of study locations. In this study, resource utilization, trophic niche dynamics, and trophic interaction of the juvenile tri-spine horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus (instars 1–12, approximately 0.5–8 years old) across ontogeny was assessed in diversified nursery habitats along the northern Beibu Gulf, China, using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Our results suggest that: (i) T. tridentatus are ecological generalists given the vast range of carbon isotopic values and trophic niche width estimates exhibited between multiple instar groups; (ii) juvenile T. tridentatus across most habitat types predominantly assimilated energy from a variety of basal production sources in the food web, but primarily depended on sedimentary organic matter and seagrass resource pools; (iii) ontogenetic shifts in juvenile dietary proportions were evident, with decreased reliance on sedimentary organic matter, coupled with increased reliance on benthic macroinvertebrate grazers, detritivores, and omnivores with age; and (iv) nearly all juvenile instars occupied similar trophic positions in the food web with slight shifts in trophic position present with increasing size. Our findings indicate that resource availability and ontogenetic diet shifts strongly influence horseshoe crab trophic dynamics, and age should be accounted when formulating habitat conservation measures based on resource use for Asian horseshoe crabs.     

山羊长途运输应激简单防控处理的效果

为了探索简单适用的抗应激处理方法以降低山羊长途运输应激反应,采用催产素、补液盐、科特壮和富维康处理,观察山羊运输后的发病及死亡情况。试验选择努比亚黑山羊99只,其中:第1批运输72只山羊,在运输前后分别用催产素和口服补液盐处理;第2批运输27只山羊,在运输前后分别用科特壮和富维康处理,两批山羊的运输时间分别为10h和11h,运输途中不提供水和食物,运输后继续饲喂口服补液盐或富维康20d后并观察60d,记录山羊的健康状况和死亡情况。结果表明,运输后口服补液盐处理组死亡4只,死亡率为7.5%,其他各处理组山羊未有死亡。结果提示,运输前后经简单抗应激处理能一定程度降低运输后山羊发病率及死亡率。     

贵州锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染风险评价及草本植物重金属吸收特征

为明确锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染及优势草本植物重金属吸收特征,对贵州省典型锰矿废渣堆场的重金属污染风险进行了评价,并调查研究了锰矿废渣堆场草本植物的类群及重金属吸收特征.共采集优势草本植物18种,隶属11科18属,菊科和禾本科为优势科.对18种草本植物体地上部、地下部及其生长基质中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Mn ...     

川西北高寒沙地不同年限高山柳林下优势植物碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征

通过采集川西北高寒沙地不同年限(6、18、24年)高山柳林下3种优势植被藏沙蒿、裂叶独活和镰荚棘豆,分别测定分析3种植被叶片、根部C、N、P化学计量特征变化特征。结果表明:不同年限高山柳林下植被C、N、P含量及其比值间存在显著差异且呈现出不同变化趋势。林下植被C含量整体下降;叶N含量呈上升趋势,根N含量随年限增长而下降;除藏沙蒿外,林下植被P含量变化不显著;C∶N变化范围为1.92~12.86;C∶P为29.18~196.88;不同年限高山柳林下植被N∶P间虽存在差异,但均表现出主要受到P限制,表明该区域植被生长主要受P限制,应注意P养分的适当补充。