松山自然保护区核桃楸扁叶甲的发生与防治

2007年6月在松山自然保护区发现核桃楸扁叶甲虫害严重,通过对扁叶甲的生活形态、世代、食性、天敌的观察及核桃楸受虫害程度的普查,得出了虫害的特点,并针对其发生面积大,制定了以生物、物理和化学方法为主要手段的可控防治措施,以期为有关部门提供采取可控防治措施的参考资料,有效控制病虫害,对保护松山地区的特殊植被具有重要意义。     

不同播期对冬小麦粒重形成及产量的影响

以4个冬小麦品种为材料,研究了不同播期条件下籽粒灌浆特征参数、粒重和产量的差异。结果表明:播期对千粒重的影响存在差异,洛旱6号、洛麦21号和豫麦49不同播期之间的籽粒千粒重存在显著差异,但播期对偃展4110的千粒重影响不大。在不同播期下,灌浆过程中平均灌浆速率、快增期灌浆速率对粒重的影响较大。播期对不同品种灌浆高峰出现的日期影响基本一致,早播期>晚播期>中播期.但较早播种时,洛旱6号、洛麦21号和豫麦49灌浆高峰出现较早,灌浆速率大,晚播时偃展4110灌浆高峰出现较早,灌浆速率大。播期对4个品种产量的影响均以中播最高,在河南旱区生态条件下,似偃展4110的春性品种适宜播期为10月中下旬,洛旱6号、洛麦21号等似豫麦49的半冬性品种适宜播期为10月中旬。     

简论党的执政为民理念与群众史观

唯物史观所揭示的人民群众历史主体地位的群众史观, 是党的执政为民理念的哲学基础; 依据马克思主义的群众史观, 我们党执政为民的理念得以确立和发展; 从群众路线视角求解执政为民理念的实现, 具有重要的方法论意义。     

Expression and Bioinformatic Analysis of ADIPOQ Gene in Hanper Sheep

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and biological characteristics of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene in longissimus dorsi muscle of Hanper sheep at different months of age.The ADIPOQ gene mRNA expression was detected in longissimus dorsi muscle of Hanper sheep at 3 different growth periods (1,7 and 13 months old) by Real-time quantitative PCR.The bioinformatics method was used to analyze the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of ADIPOQ gene,protein characteristics and network interaction protein.The results showed that ADIPOQ gene was expressed in longissimus dorsi muscle of Hanper sheep,which showed an increasing trend with the growth of the months age without significant difference (P>0.05).There was higher homology of ADIPOQ gene with Capra hircus (98.60%,99.00%) and Bos taurus (98.60%,87.00%) in nucleotide and amino acid sequences.The results of physical and chemical properties analysis showed that the molecular formula of ADIPOQ protein was C₁₁₇₂H₁₇₇₆N₃₁₄O₃₄₉S₅,the molecular mass was 26.00 ku,and the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) was 5.88,which suggested that the protein was acidic.The average value of ADIPOQ hydrophilic protein (GRAVY) was －0.403,which indicated that the protein was hydrophilic and didn’t belong to transmembrane protein.In addition,the signal peptide sequence was Met¹-Ala¹⁷,and the cleavage site was between Ala¹⁷ and Arg¹⁸.ADIPOQ existed collagen structure domain and C1Q conserved structure domain at position 45－101 and 101－237,respectively.The secondary structure mainly composed of random coil (66.95%).The construction of protein interaction network indicated that ADIPOQ might interact with ADIPOR1,ADIPOR2,CDH13 and LEP.The results provided a theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular biological functions of ADIPOQ gene in the process of muscle development in Hanper sheep.     

光核桃AmSO基因初克隆及生物信息学分析

为了初步探索光核桃（Amygdalus mira）亚硫酸盐氧化酶（Sulfite oxidase，SO）的蛋白结构与功能，以1 a生光核桃叶片cDNA为模板，采用分子克隆技术获得光核桃AmSO基因全长为1 182 bp的开放阅读框（ORF），共编码393个氨基酸，相对分子质量是43.45 ku。生物信息学分析结果显示，AmSO蛋白是一种能在细胞核内发挥生物学作用的稳定碱性亲水蛋白，二级结构由无规则卷曲、α-螺旋和延伸链构成。蛋白结构域的预测及氨基酸序列同源性比对发现，编码氨基酸序列的N端具有氧化钼结构域，常存在于氧化还原酶中，可以与钼辅因子结合；在C端具有钼钴（Mo-co）二聚体结构域，该结构域参与二聚体的结合，并且能够参与硫、氮和碳循环中的氧化还原反应，二者在进化过程中高度保守。系统进化树分析表明AmSO与碧桃PpSO亲缘性最近，进化相对保守。对光核桃AmSO蛋白进行生物信息学预测，有助于进一步系统研究光核桃 AmSO基因在生物学上的功能，为进一步了解其对非生物胁迫的响应机制奠定基础。     

无级变速拖拉机跃度最优化调速控制

针对无人驾驶拖拉机加减速导致的作业平稳性低和燃油经济性差等问题，该研究基于CVT（constantly variable transmission，无级变速传动）拖拉机，设计了一种基于贝尔曼最优性原理的最小跃度多项式局部速度规划算法。基于贝尔曼最优性原理和最优控制思想设计全局规划目标、局部规划目标及约束，提出基于最小跃度多项式的局部速度规划算法并开发速度跟随控制系统。田间试验表明，相对于无最优化调速技术的对照组，U型掉头的速度误差平均值和均方根分别降低42.31%和50.75%，加速度平均值与方差分别降低8.26%和16.36%，跃度平均值与方差分别降低7.65%和14.23%，发动机转速方差降低63.36%，发动机扭矩百分比方差降低60.26%，瞬时油耗方差降低71.25%，总油耗降低2.37%。直线行驶调速效果呈现相同趋势，与对照组相比，速度误差平均值和均方根分别降低9.45%和11.14%，加速度平均值与方差分别降低6.03%和13.68%。跃度平均值和均方根分别降低1.55%和3.59%。发动机转速方差降低31.78%，发动机扭矩百分比方差降低25.13%，瞬时油耗方差降低31.82%，总油耗降低2.48%。所提方法满足无级变速拖拉机无人驾驶速度平稳切换需要，并提高了燃油经济性。     

小麦分引组合式双行宽条带导种装置设计与试验

针对稻茬田小麦机械化带状播种时受黏重土壤与秸秆还田耦合作用制约存在导种装置壅堵导致断条的问题，该研究设计了一种分引组合式双行宽条带导种装置，导种过程中利用球面弹籽部件对下落种群左右均匀分种、借助坡度斜面对分流种群宽带引种。运用质点运动学理论建立了小麦分种、引种过程的力学模型，明确了球面弹籽部件直径和斜面坡度对导种均匀性有影响。运用EDEM软件对小麦导种装置关键结构参数进行优化设计，以球面弹籽部件直径和斜面坡度为试验因素，以各行排量一致性变异系数和行内横向均匀度变异系数为评价指标，通过单因素和二次正交旋转组合试验获取相关试验数据，应用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行回归分析，建立了试验因素与试验指标之间的回归方程。结果表明，球面弹籽部件直径对各行排量一致性影响显著（P＜0.05），斜面坡度对行内横向均匀度有极显著影响（ P＜0.01 ），斜面底板导种装置最优结构参数为球面弹籽部件直径40 mm、斜面坡度10°。并与市场上已有的波浪底板、弧面底板、平面底板3种型式导种装置进行3种播量下的仿真对比试验。仿真试验结果表明，各播量下的各行排量一致性变异系数和行内横向均匀度变异系数由大到小均为平面底板、弧面底板、波浪底板和斜面底板型导种装置，在播量450 kg/hm²下，斜面底板型导种装置播种效果最佳，各行排量一致性变异系数为2.92%，行内横向均匀度变异系数为14.19%。台架与田间对比试验表明，斜面底板型导种装置的各行排量一致性变异系数和行内横向均匀度变异系数均最小，此时各行排量一致性变异系数均不大于4.0%，行内横向均匀度变异系数均不大于16%；田间对比试验中，在播量450 kg/hm²下，斜面底板型导种装置较其他3种导种装置各行排量一致性变异系数最低下降了2.73个百分比，行内横向均匀度变异系数最低下降了10.61个百分点。试验结果与仿真结果误差不超过5%，表明装置结构参数优化结果可靠，满足国家播种机质量评价技术规范及大田播种农艺要求。研究结果可为稻茬黏壤土环境下小麦宽条带导种装置优化设计提供参考。     

履带式收割机全田块路径跟踪算法设计与试验

针对中小型传统收割机无人化作业需求，该研究设计了一套后装式全田块自动驾驶系统。以沃得锐龙单边制动转向型履带式收割机为平台，搭建手自兼容自动驾驶系统，并进行系统特性辨识试验，明确其测控性能限制。针对测控性能限制设计一种PD-Fuzzy-BangBang组合路径跟踪算法，并进行样机集成与试验。水泥地面直线行驶试验表明，组合算法相较单一PD算法的上线距离缩短57.3%，稳态标准差缩小81.3%。全田块模拟试验证明，组合算法在理想条件下的路径跟踪最大偏差为6.00 cm，标准差为2.42 cm，样机具备全田块自动驾驶功能。实际水田收割作业试验证明，样机在车速0.7 m/s条件下，上线过程的路径跟踪最大偏差为12.00 cm，标准差为 6.18 cm，全田块不漏割，割幅利用率大于80%，满足田间作业需求。     

抗强毒新城疫、禽流感(H5、H9) 多价二联高免卵黄抗体的研制和应用

以强毒新城疫(VND)、禽流感(AI H5、H9型)高效价抗原多次免疫健康蛋鸡，收集ND、AI卵黄抗体均高于14Log2的鸡蛋，经过特殊工艺处理，加入一定量的丁胺卡那霉素、防腐剂按适当比例用灭菌生理盐水稀释制备新城疫、禽流感(H5、H9)多价二联高免卵黄抗体。应用该高免卵黄抗体对1月龄鸡只进行预防免疫，攻毒治疗试验。试验结果表明，预防ND免疫保护率可达87-100％，治疗保护率达73％以上；预防AI免疫保护率可达100％，治疗保护率达80％。     

Effects of tirofiban on no-reflow and activation of NF-κB after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of platelet glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa receptor inhibitor tirofiban on myocardial no-reflow and activation of NF-κB after acute ischemia/reperfusion in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomized into sham operation group, control group and tirofiban treatment group. Control group and tirofiban group were subjected ischemia for 90 min by ligation of coronary artery after thoracotomy and subsequently reperfusion for 120 min to establish acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion no-reflow models. Thioflavine S, Evans blue and triphenyltetra zolium chloride (TTC) staining were performed to evaluate the area of no-reflow (ANR), infracted area (IA) and risk area (RA) of the heart. Immunohistochemistry was used for semi-quantitative analysis of the expression of nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) protein in myocytes and arteriole. Activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in risk area of the heart were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. RESULTS: After 120 min for reperfusion, compared to sham group, the statistical differences of higher positive expression of NF-κB p65 in myocytes and arteriole, activity of MPO and content of MDA both in control and tirofiban group were observed. Compared to control group, lower positive expression of NF-κB p65 in myocyte and arteriole, activity of MPO and content of MDA in tirofiban group were found (P<0.05, P<0.01). A markedly reduced ANR and IA were observed in tirofiban group than those in control group (34.36%±6.04% vs 52.09%±6.89%, P<0.01; 80.41%±8.48% vs 90.13%±5.72%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: After myocardial ischemia/reperfusion for 120 min, no-reflow phenomenon can be observed in rats. Tirofiban reduces the areas of anatomic no-reflow and infarction, inhibits the activation of NF-κB in myocyte and arteriole, and decreases the infiltration of neutrophils and release of oxygen free radicals.