杆菌肽锌对夏季产蛋鸡生产性能及血液指标的影响

３８０日龄北京白鸡８０只被随机分成２个处理，每个处理４个重复，每个重复１０只鸡，对照组喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中添加５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ杆菌肽锌．试验被安排在１９９８年６月３０日至７月３０日进行．试验结果表明：杆菌肽锌对产蛋鸡平均产蛋量、平均蛋重及饲料转化率没有显著影响，但却可以明显改善蛋壳质量（蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度）（Ｐ＜０．０５），并显著减少破软蛋率（Ｐ＜０．０１）．而且在夏季（３２℃以上）蛋鸡产蛋率下降阶段可以减少产蛋率的下降幅度．杆菌肽锌对蛋鸡血液中Ｃａ、Ｐ、Ｚｎ及ＡＬＫＰ（碱性磷酸酶）含量的影响不显著．     

油茶壳及油茶麸堆制有机肥研究初报

将油茶壳和油茶麸配置成4种不同比例进行有机肥沤制试验，结果表明油茶壳与油茶麸3：1时所堆沤成的有机肥中有机质及N、P、K含量较高。建议今后在油茶生产中进行有机肥堆沤时，油茶壳和油茶麸按3：1配比，以达到较优的养分效应。     

镇稻10号机械旱直播高产栽培关键技术研究

90年代初,水稻机械旱直播栽培技术在镇江市丹徒区已经得到广泛推广应用.到了2000年推广应用面积达到50%以上.但由于水稻机械旱直播栽培使水稻生育期明显缩短,因此在品种应用上一般要求选择中粳类型,这极大的限制了水稻产量和农民增收.镇稻10号是早熟晚粳品种,在旱育稀植和机插秧栽培中表现好,产量高,通过试验研究镇稻10号能应用于旱直播栽培,并且能取得高产;但播期必须在6月5日之前,否则不能安全齐穗;播量要求3～4 kg;总N量18kg左右,基蘖肥与穗肥之比为6:4.     

Identification of differentially expressed genes associated with bud dormancy release in tree peony （Paeonia suffruticosa） by suppression subtractive hybridization

A subtractive cDNA library was developed to study genes associated with bud dormancy release in tree peonies.In order to identify genes that are highly expressed in buds released from dormancy,588 clones were examined by differential screening.Of these,185 clones were selected to be sequenced.A total of 37 unique sequences were obtained of which only 31 sequences have matches in the NCBI database or the Arabidopsis thaliana protein database.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm further the expression...     

大熊猫IL-4基因的克隆与序列分析

应用RT-PCR技术从ConA诱导培养的大熊猫外周血淋巴细胞总RNA中扩增得到大熊猫IL-4基因,并将其克隆到PGEM-T载体中。经菌落PCR鉴定、序列测定及序列分析,结果表明,克隆得到的IL-4基因开放阅读框由396个核苷酸组成,编码一个由132个氨基酸组成的多肽,包括编码24个氨基酸的信号肽和108个氨基酸的成熟肽。与GenBank中已登录的大熊猫IL-4（DQ166512）的核苷酸序列同源性分别为99.5%和100%;与其他哺乳动物如犬、猫、人、猪、牛、羊、马、兔、鼠等的IL-4核苷酸同源性为50.7%（鼠）～87.7%（犬）;IL-4编码氨基酸同源性在35.7%（鼠）～78.8%（犬）;进化树构建结果表明,大熊猫与犬、猫遗传距离最近。     

机械CAD技术的发展

计算机辅助设计(CAD)技术的发展,从根本上改变了机械设计自动化的研究方向,大大提高了机械设计的质量和效率,缩短了产品更新换代的周期,在机械设计领域正在引起深刻的变革.     

N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对奶牛超排效果及血液指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨饲喂N-氨甲酰谷氨酸（NCG）对奶牛超数排卵效果及血液生化指标的影响。选取荷斯坦育成牛16头，随机分为2组，每组8头，对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组在基础饲粮的基础上饲喂20 g/（d·头）的NCG，采用连续4 d递减注射FSH法测定NCG饲喂时间对供体牛超排效果的影响，分别在3次超排处理的第0、5、9天采集尾根静脉血测定激素指标及血清生化指标。结果表明，①NCG饲喂20 d时（第1次超排），试验组头均回收胚数、可用胚数、退化胚数、未受精卵数与对照组相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）；NCG饲喂50 d时（第2次超排），试验组头均回收胚数显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；NCG饲喂80 d时（第3次超排），试验组头均可用胚数显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；综合考虑3次超排效果，试验组头均回收胚数显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。②NCG饲喂时间对供体牛血清中促卵泡素、促黄体素、孕酮、雌二醇的浓度均无显著影响（P>0.05），说明NCG饲喂时间对奶牛生殖激素的分泌无影响或为次要影响因素，超排效果的变化与生殖激素变化无明显的关联作用。③NCG饲喂时间对供体牛血清中谷草转氨酶的浓度无显著影响（P>0.05）；在NCG饲喂13 d时，试验组供体牛血清中葡萄糖浓度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；在NCG饲喂34 d时，试验组供体牛血清中尿素氮浓度显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；在NCG饲喂43和69 d时，试验组供体牛血清中一氧化氮浓度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。综合考虑，在重复3次超排时，每头供体牛每天饲喂20 g NCG，可提高3次连续超排的回收胚数4.98枚及可用胚数1.8枚，进而降低胚胎的生产成本。     

淀粉水解酶及其水解产物的研究进展

综述了淀粉水解酶的种类和特点,以及不同淀粉酶的酶解产物,并重点介绍了这些产品的主要功能和特性。     

公益性数字文化体系建设问题研析

公益性数字文化是一种新型文化模式,是文化创新的重大举措,它的发展必然会面临新的问题。论文通过研究,探讨公益性数字文化建设中面临的问题,从资源、技术、服务、管理等方面给出建设性意见,并提出解决问题的办法。     

Effects of Inhibition of Different Rumen Microbial Activity on Rumen Fermentation and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Buffaloes

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of inhibiting rumen bacteria,fungi and protozoa with adding linoleic acid and linolenic acid on in vitro rumen fermentation and fatty acid metabolism in buffaloes.Both fatty acids were supplemented with substrate and roughage (3:7) at the rate of 3% on dry matter (DM) basis in an in vitro batch culture system,there were 5 repetitions for each group.At the same time,four groups were set up:Control group and inhibition groups of protozoa,bacteria and fungi.After 24 h of incubation,total gas production,CH₄,pH,VFA,NH₃-N,MCP and LFA concentrations were measured.The results showed that:①With the addition of linolenic acid,compared with control group,the gas production decreased significantly after inhibition the growth of bacteria and protozoa,CH₄ production increased significantly after inhibition of the growth bacteria and fungi,and CH₄ production decreased significantly after inhibition of the growth protozoa (P<0.05).With the addition of linoleic acid,compared with control group,the gas production decreased significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa,and CH₄ production was significantly lower than other groups after inhibition of protozoa (P<0.05).② After inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa,the pH and MCP concentration were affected significantly with the addition of linolenic acid (P<0.05),there was no significant effect on NH₃-N concentration with the addition of linoleic acid (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the content of acetic acid and propionic acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa (P<0.05).The butyric acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linolenic acid (P<0.05).The butyric acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa with the addition of linoleic acid (P<0.05).④ Compared with control group, the concentrations of C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C14:1n5, C15:1n5, C16:1n7, C16:0, C18:3n3, C18:2n6c, C18:0, C20:2n6, C20:3n6, C20:1, C20:3n3, C20:0, C21:0, C22:6n3, C22:2n6, C22:0 was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linolenic acid, the concentrations of C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:1n7, C16:0, C17:0, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C18:2n6c, C18:1n9t, C18:0, C18:2(cis-9,trans-11), C18:2(trans-10,cis-12), C20:2n6, C20:1, C20:0, C21:0, C22:6n3, C22:0, C23:0, C24:1n9, C24:0 was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linoleic acid (P<0.05).The results revealed that the addition of linoleic acid and linolenic acid could significantly manipulate in vitro rumen fermentation parameters,CH₄ yield and fatty acid composition after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa.Protozoa greatly contributed to total gas and CH₄ production while bacteria significantly affected rumen fatty acid metabolism.