The bovine neutrophil: Structure and function in blood and milk

Migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) into the mammary gland provide the first line of defense against invading mastitis pathogens. Bacteria release potent toxins that activate white blood cells and epithelial cells in the mammary gland to secrete cytokines that recruit PMN that function as phagocytes at the site of infection. While freshly migrated PMN are active phagocytes, continued exposure of PMN to inhibitory factors in milk such as fat globules and casein, leads to altered PMN morphology and reduced phagocytosis. In the course of phagocytosing and destroying invading pathogens, PMN release chemicals that not only kill the pathogens but that also cause injury to the delicate lining of the mammary gland. This will result in permanent scarring and reduced numbers of milk secretory cells. The life span of PMN is limited by the onset of apoptosis. To minimize damage to mammary tissue, PMN undergo a specialized process of programmed cell death known as apoptosis. Macrophages quickly engulf and phagocytose apoptotic PMN, thereby minimizing the release of PMN granular contents that are damaging to tissue. The PMN possess an array of cell surface receptors that allow them to adhere and migrate through endothelium and to recognize and phagocytose bacteria. One receptor found on phagocytes that is receiving considerable attention in the control of infections by Gram-negative bacteria is CD14. Binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to membrane bound CD14 causes release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and sepsis. Binding of LPS to soluble CD14 shed from CD14-bearing cells results in neutralization of LPS and rapid recruitment of PMN to the site of infection. Recent advances in the fields of genomics and proteomics should greatly enhance our understanding of the PMN role in controlling intramammary infections in ruminants. Further, manipulation of PMN, through either recombinant proteins such as soluble CD14 that enhance PMN response or agents that mediate PMN apoptosis, may serve as novel therapeutics for the treatment of mastitis.     

猪粪对环境的污染及其处理与利用技术

随着养猪业的迅猛发展，猪排泄物所造成的环境污染问题日益严峻，因此，探索猪粪无害化处理方法和综合利用途径势在必行。这里就猪粪对环境的污染原因及其处理与利用技术现状进行了综述．并指出了处理利用猪排泄物时应注意的问题。     

甘肃天祝高寒地区5种灌木中酚类物质含量的研究

对甘肃天祝金强河高寒地区5种灌木中的酚类物质含量进行了测定和比较分析。结果表明,不同的灌木品种其酚类物质的含量不同。藏沙棘总酚,单宁和缩合单宁的干物质含量均高于其他灌木,分别高达69.67,63.34和42.45 g/kg,而其简单酚的干物质含量最低,仅为4.27 g/kg。窄叶鲜卑木的酚类物质含量较低,与其他灌木相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。相关性分析表明,单宁和简单酚含量呈显著的正相关关系(r=0.94,P<0.01),与缩合单宁的相关系数为r=0.82(P<0.05),而简单酚与缩合单宁含量呈不显著的负相关关系。     

猪链球菌多价灭活疫苗对实验小鼠免疫效果的研究

临床分离的猪链球菌经随机扩增多态性DNA分析，挑选出4株毒力强。免疫原性好且遗传距离较远的猪链球菌作为疫苗株，研制出猪链球菌病氢氧化铝胶多价灭活疫苗。该疫苗对实验小鼠安全性好，无不良反应。实验室的小鼠免疫效力试验证实该苗的保护率为100％，优于单价灭活疫苗和猪链球菌病活疫苗。     

胰腺干细胞的研究进展

概述了胰腺干细胞的分布、胰腺的发生、胰腺干细胞的相关标记物以及胰腺干细胞的体外分离培养、增殖、分化等领域的研究进展，并对胰腺干细胞的生物学特征、体外分离培养时遇到的困难等进行了探讨，针对所遇到的困难提出了一些改进意见。     

16S rRNA基因及外膜蛋白基因分析在鸭疫里默氏菌鉴定中的应用

本实验对鸭疫里默氏菌（包括6个血清型）、大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和多杀性巴氏杆菌进行了16S rRNA基因片段的扩增和测序，并将测序结果进行了同源性比较和酶切分析；同时根据标准血清2型鸭疫里默氏菌外膜蛋白的基因序列设计一对引物进行扩增。根据16S rRNA的测序结果及EcoRⅠ和HaeⅢ酶切片段分析，可将鸭疫里默氏菌与其它临床症状易混淆的细菌感染相区别，而外膜蛋白基因序列的特异性也为鸭疫里默氏菌的鉴别诊断提供了一种快速、准确的PCR鉴定方法。     

福建中、东部养殖贝类质量状况调查

2003～2005年对福建中、东部沿海的主要贝类养殖区养殖贝类进行质量抽检,品种包括菲律宾蛤仔、文蛤、牡蛎、贻贝及缢蛏,检测项目为汞、铅、砷、镉、石油烃等,并对检测结果进行分析讨论,结果表明大部分贝类产品卫生质量状况良好。     

奶牛营养平衡与需要量

随着我国奶牛业的快速发展,奶牛对日粮营养平衡的要求越来越高,而正确理解奶牛的营养需要对制定营养平衡的日粮配方非常重要。本文主要从能量、蛋白质、纤维、矿物质和维生素方面探讨奶牛的适宜营养需要量。     

D型魏氏梭菌毒素研究进展

魏氏梭菌病是由魏氏梭菌引起的一种重要的人兽共患传染病。可导致各种动物的肠毒血症或坏死性肠炎,D型魏氏梭菌病包括牛、羔羊、绵羊、山羊以及灰鼠的肠毒血症等。D型魏氏梭菌所产的毒素是引起动物死亡的重要因素之一,本文综述了D型魏氏梭菌毒素的结构、功能以及检测方法的研究进展。     

淫羊藿苷对大鼠腺垂体细胞合成分泌CTH的影响

通过腺垂体细胞的原代培养技术和半定量RT-PCR技术观察淫羊藿苷对大鼠腺垂体合成分泌GTH的影响。建立了腺垂体细胞总RNA的提取、FSH和LH特异基因的PCR扩增的体系和条件,并以β-actin为内参照与FSH和LH特异基因进行多重比较。结果淫羊藿苷能提高大鼠腺垂体细胞中GTHmRNA的水平,但并非与剂量呈线形关系,中剂量组(60μl/l)时大鼠腺垂体细胞中GTHmRNA的水平最高,与低剂量组(30μl/l)和高剂量组(100μl/l)差异显著。表明淫羊藿苷不但能通过直接作用与性腺来发挥“壮阳”的作用,而且其对垂体细胞也有刺激作用。