全射流喷头的磨损试验

全射流喷头的接嘴插拔深度对喷头的正常运转及转动频率有着重要的影响,理论分析与试验结果有着相同的结论:接嘴插拔深度深时,转动快;接嘴插拔深度浅时,转动慢。试验表明,PXH10型全射流喷头接嘴h值最大移动范围为0.25mm。自行设计制作了自循环喷头耐磨损试验台,对喷头的耐磨性进行了测量。试验表明,喷头运行200h后,接嘴磨损0.13mm,出口盖板磨损0.15mm。此时转动频率变慢,喷头流量增大2.92%。     

Improving in-season nitrogen recommendations for maize using an active sensor

An active crop canopy reflectance sensor could be used to increase N-use efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.), if temporal and spatial variability in soil N availability and plant demand are adequately accounted for with an in-season N application. Our objective was to evaluate the success of using an active canopy sensor for developing maize N recommendations. This study was conducted in 21 farmers’ fields from 2007 to 2009, representing the maize production regions of east central and southeastern Pennsylvania, USA. Four blocks at each site included seven sidedress N rates (0–280 kg N ha⁻¹) and one at-planting N rate of 280 kg N ha⁻¹. Canopy reflectance in the 590 nm and 880 nm wavelengths, soil samples, chlorophyll meter (SPAD) measurements and above-ground biomass were collected at the 6th–7th-leaf growth stage (V6–V7). Relative amber normalized difference vegetative index (ANDVI_relative) and relative SPAD (SPAD_relative) were determined based on the relative measurements from the zero sidedress treatment to the 280 kg N ha⁻¹ at-planting treatment. Observations from the current study were compared to relationships between economic optimum N rate (EONR) and ANDVI_relative, presidedress NO₃ test (PSNT), or SPAD_relative that were developed from a previous study. These comparisons were based on an absolute mean difference (AMD) between observed EONR and the previously determined predicted relationships. The AMD for the relationship between EONR and ANDVI_relative in the current study was 46 kg N ha⁻¹. Neither the PSNT (AMD = 66 kg N ha⁻¹) nor the SPAD_relative (AMD = 72 kg N ha⁻¹) provided as good an indicator of EONR. When using all the observations from the two studies for the relationships between EONR and the various measurements, ANDVI_relative (R² = 0.65) provided a better estimate of EONR than PSNT (R² = 0.49) or SPAD_relative (not significant). Crop reflectance captured similar information as the PSNT and SPAD_relative, as reflected in strong relationships (R² > 0.60) among these variables. Crop canopy reflectance using an active sensor (i.e. ANDVI_relative) provided as good or better an indicator of EONR than PSNT or SPAD_relative, and provides an opportunity to easily adjust in-season N applications spatially.     

萝卜新品种热杂60的选育

萝卜新品种热杂６０以萝卜雄性不育系１２２５Ａ为母本,６０早９０－８－８－３－１３自交系为父本配制而成,肉质根近圆形,皮肉白色,生食脆嫩,煮食化渣味甜,具有耐热、早熟、抗病毒病、不易糠心等特点,一般６６７ｍ＾２产２５００ｋｇ左右,最高可达６０００ｋｇ以上。     

微波远红外耦合杀青工艺对绿茶品质的影响

为研究微波远红外耦合杀青工艺对绿茶品质的影响,试验分析了杀青时间、杀青功率和投叶量等因素对绿茶香气、滋味品质的影响,通过L9(34)正交试验设计,优化了绿茶微波远红外耦合杀青工艺,并与其他杀青方式进行了比较,结果表明：较佳的耦合杀青工艺为杀青功率微波10 kW +远红外6 kW,投叶量0.5 kg/min,杀青时间先微波1.5 min+后远红外1.5 min。此时杀青的茶叶香气滋味最好,感官品质总分达到91.40,茶多酚、儿茶素、咖啡碱、氨基酸、可溶性糖和芳香油质量分数分别达到17.24%、12.62%、3.10%、3.72%、4.64%、15.40×10-2 mg/g,香气滋味品质好于其他杀青方式,杀青时间是传统杀青的1/4～1/3,能耗成本是传统杀青的1/3～1/2。该杀青工艺克服了单纯使用微波杀青的不足,为绿茶加工生产提供参考。     

黑河地区林业生态工程构建技术

通年对黑河地区水土流失现状的调查和分析，论述了林业生态工程建设的必要性提出了界河防护林、水库水源涵养林、坡地水土保持林及废旧矿区植被恢复与重建等林业生态工程构建技术，为振兴地方经济，改善生态环境及制定区域性发展规划提供科学依据。     

Comparative pharmacokinetic study of paeoniflorin and albiflorin after oral administration of Radix Paeoniae Rubra in normal rats and the acute cholestasis hepatitis rats

A comparative study was designed and conducted to compare the pharmacokinetic difference of paeoniflorin and albiflorin after oral administration of Radix Paeoniae Rubra to normal rats and the acute cholestasis hepatitis rats induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT). UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was employed to determine the level of paeoniflorin and albiflorin in rat plasma using geniposide as the internal standard (IS). Unpaired Student's t-test was used for the statistical comparison. The investigation showed that there were significant differences between the normal rats and the acute cholestasis hepatitis rat groups in calculated parameters, such as AUC(0-t), AUC(0-∞), T(max) and CLz/F. The results indicated that acute liver injury in rats could alter the pharmacokinetics of drug. Since patients are the final users of the drug, it is essential to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the drug in disease status. Therefore, we used normal rats and the acute cholestasis hepatitis rats to study pharmacokinetics of Radix Paeoniae Rubra with the purpose of examining the influence of disease on the metabolic course.     

塑料大棚小气候的模拟和检测(英文)

为了研究大棚内外空气热量的物质交换的机理,该文把用在大玻璃温室的让布鲁温室动态模型应用于小塑料大棚。此模型考虑了温室内三层土壤、作物层、空气层、覆盖物和保温幕之间的传导、对流、太阳辐射和热辐射以及潜热交换,在此基础上进行了在不同气候条件下模拟的实测结果的比较分析。其结果表明,模型达到较高精度。     

基于图像处理与人工神经网络的小麦颗粒外观品质评价方法

综合利用计算机视觉、图像处理、人工神经网络技术,实现小麦品质评价自动化。通过比较不同背景,发现在黑色毛面纸板背景下,使用数码像机获得容易处理的小麦图像。应用分水岭算法自主开发了图像分割处理软件,分割小麦图像并识别提取出完整的小麦颗粒,针对每个小麦颗粒,计算了其12个形态学特征、12个色泽参数等图像特征参数。利用所提取的24个小麦图像特征参数,采用人工神经网络BP算法建立起小麦粒径外观品质评价模型,并应用于小麦的品质识别,取得了良好的试验结果。多次建模运算证明,该方法具有较好的稳定性,对小麦粒径外观品质评价的平均识别准确率可达93%。     

春油菜高光效结角层结构的研究

通过对内蒙古海拉尔地区春油菜结角层的研究,分析了结角层中角果组成,分布及其性状的变化,结果表明:1、春油菜结角层较薄,PAI较小,提高产量主要是控制下位分枝的生长,改善结角层内部的光照条件,形成一个高光效的结角层结构。群体直立不倒,各枝序排列有序。2、提高结角层生产力的关键是在结角层的纵向上提高千粒重、横向上增加角粒数。3、各枝序的生产力与它们的结角起止高度密切相关。     

广西高峰林场林业示范基地3种人工林林地土壤理化性质的研究

对地处南亚热带的广西高峰林场林业示范基地不同林龄的尾巨桉林、灰木莲林和厚荚相思林3种人工林林地0～40 cm土层土壤的理化性质进行了研究。结果表明,3种人工林林地的土壤较为疏松,持水性能较强;土壤养分含量除磷元素相对偏低外,其他元素的含量较为丰富。其林地土壤的养分含量及物理性状优良度的排序为：灰木莲林〉厚荚相思林〉尾巨桉林。方差分析结果表明,3种林分林地土壤除pH值差异显著外,其他指标的差异不显著。