低温贮藏对猕猴桃果实成熟软化相关基因表达影响

为探究低温对果实采后成熟软化与淀粉降解的影响,以红阳猕猴桃果实为试验材料,研究在低温贮藏期间,猕猴桃果实硬度,可溶性固形物、乙烯、淀粉含量以及淀粉酶相关基因的变化。结果表明,低温贮藏能显著抑制猕猴桃果实采后成熟软化,延缓果实淀粉的降解和可溶性固形物含量的增加,维持贮藏期间果实较高的硬度。低温贮藏抑制乙烯合成关键基因AcACO1和AcACS1的表达,抑制乙烯合成。同时,低温贮藏显著抑制淀粉降解相关基因AcAMY1、AcBAM1/3、AcISA3、AcLDA1和AcDPE1的表达。在低温贮藏后期,淀粉酶相关基因AcAMY1、AcBAM1/3、AcLDA1和AcDPE1的表达与乙烯释放速率有关。综上,低温贮藏延缓猕猴桃采后成熟软化进程与淀粉降解密切相关,可能主要通过抑制乙烯合成,从而影响贮藏后期淀粉降解速率,最终延缓果实软化进程。本研究结果为猕猴桃采后低温贮藏提供了理论依据。     

基于SDAE-BP的联合收割机作业故障监测

为了解决联合收割机作业故障的非线性特征信号难以提取的问题,该研究提出了一种基于堆叠去噪自动编码器(Stack Denoising Auto Encoder, SDAE)和BP神经网络(Back Propagation,BP)融合的联合收割机作业故障监测及诊断的方法(SDAE-BP)。以转速传感器采集联合收割机脱粒滚筒转速、籽粒搅龙转速、喂入搅龙转速、杂余搅龙转速、风机转速、输送链耙转速、割刀频率以及逐稿器振动频率,并将采集的数据集作为系统的输入。利用SDAE提取输入信号的深层次特征,并由BP神经网络辨识收割机作业状态,实现联合收割机故障监测。在SDAE-BP模型训练过程中,去噪自动编码器(Denoising Auto Encode, DAE)依次经带有不同分布中心噪声的原始数据进行训练,然后将其堆叠,并通过误差反向传播算法对模型参数进行优化,以提升模型识别故障性能和泛化能力。试验结果表明,对于2018年联合收割机田间试验数据,模型的故障诊断准确率达到99.00%,与SDAE和BP神经网络相比,分别提高了1.5和4.5个百分点。将SDAE-BP故障诊断模型用2019年的试验数据进行更新,并用2018年和2019年试验数据进行测试,结果表明,更新后的模型对2018年试验数据的故障识别准确率为99.25%,对2019年试验数据的故障识别准确率为98.74%,更新后模型在2019试验数据集上的故障识别准确率较未更新模型提高了6.52个百分点。该文所建模型能够准确识别联合收割机的故障类型,且具有较好的鲁棒性,对旋转型机械故障监测及预警具有参考价值。     

Clostridium butyricum as probiotic for promoting growth performance,feed utilization,gut health and microbiota community of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus)

The feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potentials of Clostridium butyricum in the diet of tilapia. Fish (~14 g) were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 0.5 (C‐1), 1 (C‐2), 2 (C‐3), 4 (C‐4) and 8 (C‐5) g/kg commercial probiotic‐containing C. butyricum (1.5 × 10⁸ CFU/g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that weight gain significantly increased, and feed conversion ratio decreased in the C‐2, C‐3 and C‐4 groups (p < .05). The protein retention (except C‐1 group), lipid retention and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter in probiotic supplementation groups were significantly enhanced, and ADC of protein in the C‐4 group was also improved (p < .05). The supplementation of probiotic significantly increased villus height in anterior intestines and reduced the numbers of intestinal Escherichia coli (p < .05). High‐throughput sequencing showed that top three phyla namely Planctomycetes in all probiotic‐containing groups, Proteobacteria in the C‐1 and C‐2 groups and Chloroflexi in the C‐3 group had higher level than the NC group. The cumulative mortality was reduced by dietary probiotic after challenging with Aeromonas hydrophila (p < .05). In conclusion, C. butyricum can be supplemented at 1–2 g/kg feed for promoting the growth, feed utilization, gut health and microbiota of tilapia.     

Effects of fish meal replaced by fermented soybean meal on growth performance,intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSM) and soybean meal (SM) on growth performance, intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The basal diet contained 350 g/kg FM (CON), and then, FM was replaced with SM and FSM at the ratios of 30% and 60% (SM‐30, SM‐60, FSM‐30 and FSM‐60), respectively. The largemouth bass (4.43 ± 0.13 g) were fed for 8 weeks. The results showed that weight gain of fish fed with FSM‐60 and SM‐60 diets was significantly lower, and feed conversion ratio of SM‐30, SM‐60 and FSM‐60 groups was significantly higher than the CON group (p < .05). The intestinal villus height of SM‐60 group and the villus width of SM‐60 and FSM‐60 group were significantly lower than the CON group (p < .05). The 30% FM replacement by SM and FSM significantly increased the abundance of Cetobacterium and Mycoplasma, respectively (p < .05). In conclusion, FSM could replace 30% FM in diet without negative impacts on the growth performance of largemouth bass, while the SM should be controlled below 30%.     

PRA参与式方法探讨广西食用菌生产问题

运用参与式农村评估方法,探讨分析广西食用菌生产发展的现状、问题及对策,得出结论,提出建议。     

地方文化资源数字化保护与文化创意品牌塑造

以惠州龙门农民画产业化为例，惠州龙门农民画是以“南蛮文化”作为独特视角，展现南国传统民俗风情的民间绘画，被誉为世界民间艺术奇葩。分析了产业化发展进程中龙门农民画的艺术特色和文化价值，阐述了基于知识管理的龙门农民画数字化保护思路，并从文化创意角度对龙门农民画的文化品牌塑造进行了探讨。     

Transport of ova through the oviduct of merino ewes

Dissection of the heads of 12 male Red deer revealed that the innervation and blood supply of the antler resembles those in the goat, in that the infratrochlear and zygomaticotemporal nerves supply the antler pedicle accompanied by two main branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein. Analgesia of the antler should be produced by injecting local anaesthetic solution both dorsal to the orbital rim and immediately caudal to the zygomatic process of the frontal bone.     

Studies on hollownesss regulation and properties of crosslinked hollow phenolic fibers

The hollowness of crosslinked hollow phenolic fibers was regulated successfully from 9 % to 80 % by adjusting the curing temperature of the partially crosslinked fibers. The partially crosslinked fibers was studied in detail by mass gained, tensile strength, solvent dissolution, SEM, IR, and TG analysis, and the prepared hollow phenolic fibers with different degrees of hollowness were characterized with SEM, tensile strength, TG-DSC and TG-MS. The results show that the factor determining the hollowness is the crosslinked extent of the partially crosslinked fibers and the hollow fibers with different degrees of hollowness have similar crosslinkage, mechanical properties and thermal stability.