杉木人工林根冠比与气候和林分因子的关联分析

根冠比是研究森林生物量存储方式和分配策略的基础,是森林生态系统物质循环的重要组成部分。通过收集筛选134篇文献608条杉木Cunninghmia lanceolata人工林根冠比（RSR）的数据,分别建立根冠比与年平均气温、年平均降水量、林分密度和林龄的最优方程。根冠比随年平均气温、年平均降水量和林分密度的增加而增加,随林龄的增加而减小。同时,利用结构方程,阐述气候和林分因子与根冠比关联特征。结果表明:年平均气温、年平均降水量、林分密度和林龄对根冠比的直接通径系数分别为0.515（P < 0.01）,0.548（P < 0.01）,-0.462（P < 0.01）和0.201（P < 0.01）。年平均降水量和林龄还通过影响年平均气温和林分密度间接影响根冠比,其间接通径系数分别为-0.308（P < 0.01）和-0.082（P < 0.05）。影响杉木人工林根冠比变化因素的69%来自气候和林分因子。     

Changes in soil bacterial communities in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in east China following 4 years of nitrogen addition

Purpose

Evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystems are common in east China, where they are both ecologically and economically important. However, nitrogen (N) addition over many years has had a detrimental effect on these ecosystems. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of 4 years of N addition on microbial communities in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in southern Anhui, China.

Materials and methods

Allochthonous N in the form of aqueous NH₄NO₃ and phosphorus (P) in the form of Ca(H₂PO₄)₂·H₂O were applied at three doses with a control (CK, stream water only without fertilizer): low-N (50 kg N ha^?1 year^?1), high-N (100 kg N ha^?1 year^?1) and high-N+P (100 kg N ha^?1 year^?1 + 50 kg P ha^?1 year^?1). Quantitative PCR analysis of microbial community size and Illumina platform-based sequencing analysis of the V3-V4 16S rRNA gene region were performed to characterize soil bacterial community abundance, structure, and diversity.

Results and discussion

Bacterial diversity was increased in low-N and high-N treatments and decreased in the high-N+P treatment, but α-diversity indices were not significantly affected by N additions. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the predominant phyla in all treatments, and the relative abundance of different genera varied among treatments. Only soil pH (P = 0.051) showed a weak correlation with the bacterial community in CK and low-N treatment.

Conclusions

The composition of the bacterial community and the abundance of different phyla were significantly altered by N addition. The results of the present study indicate that soil bacterial communities in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest are, to a certain extent, resilient to changes derived from N additions.

     

甘蓝型油菜细胞核 细胞质雄性不育三系的研究与利用 Ⅳ.隐性细胞核 波里马细胞质雄性不育三系的创建

甘蓝型油菜隐性细胞核雄性不育与波里马细胞质雄性不育可能具有完全不同的不育基因系统;采用有性杂交和连续回交的方法,将甘蓝型油菜隐性细胞核不育基因导入到含有波里马不育细胞质的基因型中,并得到甘蓝型油莱隐性细胞核 波里马细胞质雄性不育系RGCMS—S45A和RGCMS—117A及其相应的保持系S45B和117B;采用测交方法,从隐性细胞核雄性不育系中筛选出甘蓝型油菜隐性细胞核 波里马细胞质雄性不育保持系9个;波里马细胞质雄性不育的恢复系均是隐性细胞核 波里马细胞质雄性不育的恢复系。     

甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育遗传标记的初步研究——Ⅰ.形态标记与隐性核不育的连锁关系

为了将核不育更有效地应用于杂种优势利用,必须解决有效地除去母本行中约50%的可育株的问题.本试验通过隐性核不育材料与具有苗期形态标记材料杂交及其F_2、BC_1F_1分离群体和F_2后代家系的跟踪调查分析证明:P6-9紫茎性状与可育紧密连锁.利用极大似然法计算其交换值在1.9%～8.5%之间.     

Overcoming Self-Incompatibility of Brassica napus by Salt (NaC1) Spray

The results of studies from 1982 to 1989 confirm that self-incompatibility (SI) of B. napus can be effectively overcome by spraying solutions of 2 — 10 % table salt (NaCl) during the flowering period. The optimum salt concentration was found to be 5 %. Spraying onto both stigma and stamen is better than onto only one of them, in particular better than spraying only onto the stamen. When self-pollination occurred at intervals of 1 to 32 hours after spraying 5 % NaCl solution upon stigma and stamen, the compatibility indexes fall slightly; they decrease considerably after 72 and 120 hours, but still then they stay higher than without spraying. After spraying 5 % NaCl solution at intervals of 4, 5, 8 and 24 hours, respectively, the compatibility indexes after self-pollination are almost equal to that of bud-pollination; this treatment is effective even at intervals of 48 or 72 hours after selfing. In practice, spraying 5 % NaCl solution every 3 to 5 days during the flowering period is enough for satisfying seed set of SI lines under field conditions.     

甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育恢复系轮回选择群体的建立

在被测交的５个甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育恢复系中，没有１个能使显性细胞核雄性不育系恢复可育性。分别以纯合型显性细胞核雄性不育系Ｒｓ１０４６和显性细胞核雄性不育杂种中杂３号作父本与具有不育细胞质的波里马细胞质雄性不育恢复系花叶恢杂交，成功地将显性细胞核雄性不育基因导入到波里马细胞质雄性不育恢复系花叶恢中。以作者自己选育的具有不同来源的双低甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育恢复系作父本与得到的具有波里马细胞质的显性细胞核雄性不育株不断回交，并将所有回交后代种子混合种植，建立起了一个甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育恢复系的轮回选择群体。     

黄山丘陵地区杉木幼林生长分析

试验结果表明：杉木连栽幼林生长显明下降;杉粮间作有效地改善了林地小气候条件和土壤理化特性,与对照相比,杉木玉米间作类型幼林内光强降低３２．７～４２．Ｏ％,气温下降１．６℃,相对湿度提高３．８％;土壤有机质含量提高３２．５９％,速效Ｎ、Ｐ和Ｋ分别增加１６．３１％、１１．４５％和２２．２４％;有效地促进了幼林生长,幼林高、径生长量分别提高１２．２％和１５．０％     

森林转换对土壤活性有机碳组分的影响

为了研究林型转换对土壤活性有机碳组分的影响,在安徽皖南地区蔡家桥林场选取了马尾松次生林、湿地松人工林以及杉木人工林3种森林类型,分别采集了0—10,10—30,30—50 cm的土壤,测定了土壤有机碳(SOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、易氧化有机碳(EOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)以及土壤理化指标,分析了林型转换后土壤活性有机碳组分变化特征及其与土壤理化因子间的相关关系。结果表明：(1)马尾松次生林转换成湿地松人工林和杉木人工林后主要对0—10 cm土壤活性有机碳组分产生影响,其中土壤SOC,POC,EOC含量均在林型转换后出现下降,DOC含量上升,而MBC在林型转换前后无显著差异。(2)林型转换后各土层POC/SOC均出现下降,DOC和EOC占SOC比例总体呈升高趋势,MBC/SOC则未表现出明显规律。(3)土壤有机碳与活性碳组分以及TN,EC,NH⁺₄-N,NO^-₃-N均呈极显著正相关,各活性碳组分之间也存在极显著正相关关系(p<0.01)。综上,马尾松次生林转换成...     

抗松材线虫病马尾松无性系夏季光合作用日变化研究

利用LI6400光合仪测定抗松材线虫病马尾松针叶的净光合速率,研究其夏季变化与生理生态因子的关系。结果表明：（1）抗性马尾松净光合速率日变化趋势呈现“双峰”曲线,峰值出现在10时和15时,有明显的“午休”现象。这种现象不是由于气孔阻力的增大而引起叶肉细胞间CO2亏缺造成的,而是非气孔限制起着主要作用。（2）净光合速率（Pn）与胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、空气温度（Tair）、叶片温度（Tleaf）、光合有效辐射（PAR）都有极显著的相关关系．但经过通径分析发现,对Pn起作用的最主要因子是PAR。