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81.
黄土高原不同封育年限草地土壤与植物根系的生态化学计量特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
黄土高原特别是干草原地区植被演替的研究比较薄弱。当前植物生态化学计量学的研究主要集中在植物叶片方面,对根系的研究较少。选取宁夏云雾山草原植被不同封育年限的土壤和植物样品,以生态化学计量学原理为基础,测定并分析了土壤与根系的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)及其生态化学计量比与相互关系。结果表明:(1)随着封育年限的增加,土壤容重逐渐减小,土壤有机碳和全氮变异性较大,全磷变异性较小,且封育初期土壤有机碳和全氮含量先降后升,至封育20、30年,保持相对平稳。0~20 cm土层土壤的碳氮比(C∶N)、碳磷比(C∶P)、氮磷比(N∶P)分别为9.04~9.63、19.62~32.27、2.14~3.37,20~40 cm土层土壤的分别为8.68~9.22、15.74~26.32、1.80~3.03。土壤有机碳与全氮、全磷之间存在极显著的正相关。(2)植物根系C、N、P含量变化范围分别为357.6~381.4 g kg-1、7.35~8.18 g kg-1、0.54~0.70 g kg-1;根系中的C元素含量随封育年限的增加逐渐升高,N、P元素含量均小于全球平均值。根系C∶N随着封育年限的增加变异性较大,C∶P、N∶P随着封育年限的增加变异性较小。(3)植物根系的C∶N∶P化学计量特征受土壤的影响调控大于其自身,且土壤磷含量对植物根系C∶N∶P生态化学计量特征影响的显著性(p0.01)大于土壤氮含量(p0.05)。此外,该地区封禁后,草地生产力易受到土壤N含量的限制。 相似文献
82.
Effects of Irrigation Patterns and Nitrogen Fertilization on Rice Yield and Microbial Community Structure in Paddy Soil 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Water and nitrogen (N) are considered the most important factors affecting rice production and play vital roles in regulating soil microbial biomass, activity, and community. The effects of irrigation patterns and N fertilizer levels on the soil microbial community structure and yield of paddy rice were investigated in a pot experiment. The experiment was designed with four N levels of 0 (N0), 126 (N1), 157.5 (N2), and 210 kg N ha-1 (N3) under two irrigation patterns of continuous water-logging irrigation (WLI) and water-controlled irrigation (WCI). Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was conducted to track the dynamics of soil microbial communities at tillering, grain-filling, and maturity stages. The results showed that the maximums of grain yield, above-ground biomass, and total N uptake were all obtained in the N2 treatment under WCI. Similar variations in total PLFAs, as well as bacterial and fungal PLFAs, were found, with an increase from the tillering to the grain-filling stage and a decrease at the maturity stage except for actinomycetic PLFAs, which decreased continuously from the tillering to the maturity stage. A shift in composition of the microbial community at different stages of the plant growth was indicated by principal component analysis (PCA), in which the samples at the vegetative stage (tillering stage) were separated from those at the reproductive stage (grain-filling and maturity stages). Soil microbial biomass, measured as total PLFAs, was significantly higher under WCI than that under WLI mainly at the grain-filling stage, whereas the fungal PLFAs detected under WCI were significantly higher than those under WLI at the tillering, grain-filling, and maturity stages. The application of N fertilizer also significantly increased soil microbial biomass and the main microbial groups both under WLI and WCI conditions. The proper combination of irrigation management and N fertilizer level in this study was the N2 (157.5 kg N ha-1) treatment under the water-controlled irrigation pattern. 相似文献
83.
阐述了3S技术的原理及其在精准农业中的应用,采用差分GPS大大提高定位精度,应用归一化植被指数NDVI值对叶面积指数和植株含氮量进行监测,依GPS定位导航将田块按网格取样,经分析后生产施肥处方图已指导变量施肥。 相似文献
84.
85.
有机酸对不同磷源施入石灰性潮土后无机磷形态转化的影响 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
采用室内培养和化学分析的方法研究了几种有机酸对石灰性潮土无机磷形态转化的影响。结果表明,1)石灰性潮土中磷素主要以有效性很低的磷酸盐(Ca10-P等)形式存在,而有效性较高的磷酸盐(Ca8-P等)含量较少,Ca2-P就更少。2)不同磷源施入土壤后,无机磷总量相应增加。磷酸二氢钾与磷酸二钙主要向Ca8-P、Al-P等有效性相对较差的磷素形态转化,磷酸八钙、氟磷灰石、磷酸铁、磷酸铝等有效性较差的磷源,在较短的时期内主要以自身的形态存在。3)施加各种有机酸可以不同程度地降低土壤中Fe-P、Al-P和Ca10-P含量,增加Ca2-P、Ca8-P和O-P含量,总的趋势是促进土壤中植物难以利用的无机磷形态向植物可以利用的形态转化。这种促进能力因有机酸种类和性质的不同而不同,其作用大小顺序为草酸柠檬酸酒石酸。 相似文献
86.
方勇 《广西农业生物科学》2006,25(3):265-268
采用盆栽玫瑰海棠的叶片作外植体进行组织培养试验。结果表明:用0.1%HgC l2对叶片表面灭菌10 m in的死亡率和感染率较低,接种于3/4 M S 6-BA 2.5 m g/L NAA 1.0 m g/L 琼脂7.8 g/L 蔗糖25g/L的培养基上诱导出新生芽,在3/4 M S 6-BA 1.0 m g/L NAA 0.2 m g/L 琼脂7.8 g/L 蔗糖25 g/L的培养基上,增殖系数可达6~8;在1/2M S KT 2.0 m g/L NAA 0.3 m g/L 琼脂7.8 g/L 蔗糖25 g/L的培养基上培养25 d左右,可形成6~9条粗壮的根和2.0~3.0 cm高的完整植株,试管小苗带培养基移栽到泥炭 泥沙 锯屑(1∶1∶1)的基质上,成活率达95%。 相似文献
87.
河漫滩上沉积物的沉积伴随着与沉积物相结合的营养和污染物质的沉积。已有研究表明,河漫滩是与沉积物相结合的磷的沉积地。采用137Cs技术,并结合河漫滩沉积物中全磷(TP)含量的剖面信息,可以调查近年河漫滩沉积物中的TP含量,计算TP储量。本文根据英国Devon郡Culm河8个河漫滩采样环沉积物中的数据,重建了在过去40~50年内TP储量和含量的变化。结果表明,在Culm河河漫滩沉积物中,在1963~2000年间TP平均含量为0.60~1.96gkg-1,该值自河流上游向下游和自过去到现在有逐渐增加的趋势;在相同的河漫滩沉积物中,在相同的时期内TP储量为18.62~435.48gm-2,即0.49~11.46gm-2a-1,最大值出现在河流的中游。 相似文献
88.
以本实验室构建的重组南瓜(Cucurbita moschata)韧皮部特异启动子dENP构建了植物表达载体pBdENP。利用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)LBA44O4介导转化马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)品种Favorita,经过抗生素筛选,共获得转pBdENP和对照pBI121的抗卡那霉素马铃薯再生植株106株。通过PCR初步筛查,筛选出65株为转基因阳性植株。通过Southern blot对部分植株进一步分析,确证外源gus基因已经插入到转基因马铃薯植株的基因组中,插入拷贝数在1个或2个以上。对这些转基因马铃薯植株进行GUS染色结果表明, dENP和CaMV35S启动子一样均能驱动gus基因的表达,前者仅在马铃薯的韧皮部内特异表达,而CaMV35S启动子驱动的gus基因为组成型性表达。GUS酶活力测定结果进一步表明dENP和CaMV35S启动子驱动gus基因表达水平没有明显区别。以上结果证明dENP启动子驱动的外源基因在马铃薯中也具有韧皮部特异而高效表达的特征,从而可用于马铃薯抗病、抗蚜虫转基因研究。 相似文献
89.
中国土壤氮含量、空间格局及其环境控制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Soil holds the largest nitrogen (N) pool in terrestrial ecosystems, but estimates of soil N stock remain controversial. Storage and spatial distribution of soil N in China were estimated and the relationships between soil N density and environmental factors were explored using data from China's Second National Soil Survey and field investigation in northwest China and the Tibetan Plateau. China's soil N storage at a depth of one meter was estimated at 7.4 Pg, with an average density of 0.84 kg m^-2. Soil N density appeared to be high in southwest and northeast China and low in the middle areas of the country. Soil N density increased from the arid to semi-arid zone in northern China, and decreased from cold-temperate to tropical zone in the eastern part of the country. An analysis of general linear model suggested that climate and vegetation determined the spatial pattern of soil N density for natural vegetation, which explained 75.4% of the total variance. 相似文献
90.
For the foreign monopoly of current non-contact tonometry technology and the disadvantage of domestic existing technology,we develop a new type of non-contact tonometry system base on equilibrium principle and aerostatic technology. The system adopts ARM9 S3C2440A as the core,mainly including flotation measurement module,control module,human-computer interaction and communication interface module. The flotation measurement module could finish the signal acquisition and measurement on CCD camera,pressure sensor,and optical signals of corneal reflection that the control module mainly controlled the supply gas pressure of centered gas chamber. When the developed system is used to measure human intraocular pressure,the measured values show that there is only less than 6.01% repeatability error. Compared with the imported non-contact tonometry,the absolute error between two equipments’ measured IOP values is also no more than 1.3m mHg,which shows that the system could detect the intraocular pressure of people quickly and easily. 相似文献