热休克诱导马苏大麻哈鱼三倍体的初步研究

为探索马苏大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus masou)三倍体育种技术方法,更好地解决其个体小、生长慢和性成熟后死亡率高等问题,采用热休克法进行三倍体诱导实验,设4个诱导温度(24、26、28、30℃),2个起始诱导时间(15 min、20 min)和2个持续诱导时间(15 min、20 min)共分13个实验组和1个对照组。结果显示,13个实验组均能诱导出三倍体个体,而不同温度组的诱导率差异显著,分别为13.3%、31.65%、52.28%和78.81%(P<0.0.5)。随着温度的上升,孵化率呈显著降低的趋势。结果表明,温度是影响诱导成功的关键因素,利用热休克诱导受精卵制备陆封型马苏大麻哈鱼三倍体苗种的方法是可行的,三倍体诱导的最佳条件是:水温28℃,卵子受精后15 min持续处理20 min,发眼率(72.57±0.26)%,孵化率(60.92±0.31)%,三倍体率53.1%,综合诱导效果最佳。     

气候变化下西北太平洋大海洋生态系海表面温度特征分析

黄鳍金枪鱼 (Thunnus albacares) 为高度洄游的大洋性鱼类,有较高的生态和经济价值,中西太平洋 (Western and Central Pacific Ocean, WCPO) 是全球金枪鱼捕捞产量最高的海区。为了解和预测中西太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼不同渔业对气候变化的反应,根据1990—2020年世界各国在中西太平洋的围网和延绳钓作业以及海洋尼诺指数 (Oceanic Niño index, ONI) 数据,分析了常规自回归积分滑动平均模型 (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model, ARIMA) 和加入ONI标准差为协变量的动态ARIMA模型在渔业资源量研究中的适用性,以及ONI对中西太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼年际单位捕捞努力量渔获量 (Catch per unit effort, CPUE) 的影响。结果表明：1) 常规ARIMA模型能够充分考虑中西太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼年CPUE的变化特征,可用于黄鳍金枪鱼年CPUE的长期拟合;2) 相比常规ARIMA模型,动态ARIMA模型的拟合度更好,拟合值和真实值的相关性更高,同时平均绝对误差、均方根误差更小;3) ONI对中西太平洋赤道南北海域黄鳍金枪鱼的年CPUE影响不同,相对而言,在赤道以北,ONI的影响因素更关键,模型的拟合度更高;4) ONI对中西太平洋不同渔业的黄鳍金枪鱼的年CPUE影响有差别,对中西太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼延绳钓渔业存在滞后1~2年的影响,而在强厄尔尼诺和强拉尼娜现象时,对围网渔业的影响速度较快,不存在滞后。     

中国森林生态系统碳平衡研究

森林生态系统是陆地生态系统的主体, 它不仅具有改善和维护区域生态环境的功能, 而且在全球碳平衡中起着巨大的作用, 充分发挥森林的固碳能力关系到能否降低大气CO₂浓度和抑制全球变暖趋势。文中就我国森林生态系统固碳功能和碳储量的研究进行了概括, 并对未来森林生态系统碳循环研究提出一些看法。     

Effect of Luteolin on Blood Indexes,Liver and Kidney in Mice with Acute Mercury Poisoning

To study the effect of luteolin on blood indexes,liver and kidney in mice with acute mercury poisoning,28 mice were randomly divided into four groups:Control group (intraperitoneal injection 0.9% saline),luteolin group (lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin),mercuric chloride group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercury chloride) and mercury chloride+luteolin group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercuric chloride,lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin).The activities of ALT in serum,AST,CREA and BUN contents,blood WBC,RBC,HGB content and GSH and MDA contents of liver tissue were detected.Morphological changes of liver and kidney tissues were observed.The results showed that compared with the control group,the activities of ALT and AST of mercuric chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P < 0.01),serum CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents were significantly increased (P < 0.05) while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were obviously.Compared with mercuric chloride group,the activities of ALT,AST in serum,CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents of mercuric chloride+luteolin group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05),while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly elevated (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were attenuated obviously.The poisoning were characterized by inflammation and the occurrence of anemia when acute mercury poisoning occurred,liver and kidney showed different degrees of injury in mice.Luteolin could reduce the toxic effects of acute mercury poisoning on blood,liver and kidney.     

黑木耳简单快速组织分离新法

利用酒精、镊子对黑木耳耳片进行组织分离,方法方便、快捷,分离成功率100%。     

松杉灵芝液体发酵培养营养条件优化

以松杉灵芝为试材,研究松杉灵芝在发酵培养过程中营养成分对其菌丝体形态、生物量及多糖产量的影响。结果表明:通过生物量和粗多糖的产量确定最佳碳源为玉米粉;最佳氮源为麦麸;添加无机盐的效果更加明显。试验结果为今后灵芝的液体发酵及工业化生产提供参考依据。     

剩余污泥臭氧化减量处置方法研究进展

综合臭氧污泥减量化近年来的发展和研究,对其技术原理和工艺应用进行分析,提出了其现存问题,并讨论了未来的技术发展万向.     

基于GWAS后分析策略研究TRAPPC9基因对奶牛产奶性状的遗传效应

本研究基于课题组前期对北京地区中国荷斯坦牛群体产奶性状全基因组关联分析结果,在新的中国荷斯坦牛群中将转运蛋白颗粒复合体9(TRAPPC9)基因作为产奶性状的候选基因进行遗传效应验证。研究利用混池测序寻找SNPs位点,结合前期GWAS结果筛选到的SNPs位点,进而分析这些多态性位点与中国荷斯坦牛产奶性状的相关性。结果发现,SNP1、SNP2位点对乳蛋白率和乳糖率效应均显著(P0.05);SNP3位点对乳脂率和乳蛋白率的效应均极显著(P0.01);SNP4位点对乳脂率有极显著影响(P0.01);SNP5位点对乳脂率和乳糖率的效应显著(P0.05)。同时发现TRAPPC9基因的表达量对产奶性状也有显著影响(P0.05),而TRAPPC9基因启动子区DNA甲基化对产奶性状无直接显著影响。该结果进一步表明,TRAPPC9基因可以考虑作为分子遗传标记应用于中国荷斯坦牛产奶性状的标记辅助选择。     

重组猪抑制素蛋白质中毒素残留检测及其理化稳定性

为探索纯化的重组猪抑制素蛋白质毒素残留情况以及重组猪抑制素蛋白质稳定性,本研究利用鲎试剂、气相色谱和SDS-PAGE方法对重组猪抑制素蛋白质中的细菌内毒素、β-巯基乙醇的残留量及其蛋白质在不同温度、极端p H值和反复冻融条件下的稳定性进行检测。结果显示,经过3次等电点沉淀洗涤后,重组猪抑制素蛋白质中细菌内毒素和β-巯基乙醇的残留量大幅减少。通过在不同温度下的处理发现,重组猪抑制素蛋白质在4℃环境下较稳定,可以长期保存;但在37℃时,稳定性快速下降,随着温度上升而降解加速。通过极端p H值和反复冻融试验发现,重组猪抑制素蛋白质对极端p H值和反复冻融具有较好的耐受性。     

Cultivation Influences on Soil Organic Carbon Associated with Texture in Seasonally Frozen Zones

[Objective] This study aimed to examine indicative roles of texture representing soil organic carbon presence and variability subsequent to cultivation under cold temperate climates with seasonal freeze-thaw events.[Method] Three chronosequences were selected for paired comparisons.Soil samples were collected at six depths with a 10 cm increment.Analysis of variance with general linear model and regression was performed for statistical analysis.[Result] In seasonally frozen soils where fragmentation of macroaggregates was stimulated,soil organic carbon level was positively associated with clay ＋ silt proportion due to a wider textural range,better than sole clay content.Exponential function better fitted the experimental data to present progressively increased effectiveness of clay ＋ silt content in maintaining carbon.Clay content explained 12％-41％ and 14％-43％ of variation via linear and exponential functions,respectively.Accordingly,clay ＋ silt content explained 47％-65％ and 46％-70％.[Conclusion] Texture reflected soil organic carbon occurrence as consequences of reclamation.For seasonally frozen soils with wider textural ranges,it is robust to adapt clay ＋ silt content as dependent variable and exponential function.The generated algorithms provided an available pathway to estimate soil organic carbon losses following cultivation and to evaluate soil fertility.