贵州省鸡淋巴性白血病J亚型血清学调查研究

为了解和掌握鸡淋巴白血病J亚型(ALV -J)在贵州的发生和流行的基本情况,在7个主要养殖地区的35个养鸡生产场共采集1 205份血清样本,采用ALV -J诊断试剂盒进行了ALV -J的ELISA血清学抗体检测.检测及相关流行病学调查结果表明:ALV -J亚群的平均阳性感染率为13.776％,其中肉鸡为20.050％,...     

Impacts of a freedom farrowing pen design on sow behaviours and performance

The limited space in farrowing crate imposes many challenges, such as prolonged farrowing duration and high piglet stillbirth rate. Although the features of farrowing pens compensate for the drawbacks of farrowing crates, they are associated with high piglet crushing mortality caused by the greater space afforded to sows and their rolling-over behaviour. Therefore, a freedom farrowing pen was designed to overcome the drawbacks of both farrowing crates and farrowing pens. The main features of the freedom farrowing pen are its left anti-crushing bar and detachable right anti-crushing bar on the sides of the sow lying area. It also has a 10 cm-high anti-crushing bar in the non-lying area. Eighteen healthy, multiparous Yorkshire sows (3-7 parity) were averaged and randomly assigned to farrowing crates, farrowing pens, and freedom farrowing pens to compare the effects of the farrowing systems on sow behaviour and performance. Results showed that the farrowing duration and the mean piglet birth intervals were longer for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the sows in farrowing pens and those in freedom farrowing pens (P>0.05). The piglet stillbirth rate was higher for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.001). Crushing mortality was higher among piglets in farrowing pens (P<0.001), but there was no difference between piglets in freedom farrowing pens and those in farrowing crates (P>0.05). The freedom farrowing pen and the farrowing pen allowed sows to turn around and move freely, but because of the different structures of their anti-crushing bars, the increase in sow movement did not cause higher piglet crushing mortality (P>0.05). Sows in freedom farrowing pens were found to be more protective of their piglets.     

兽医病理学在现代兽医专业教学和动物疾病诊断中的重要作用

为了阐述兽医病理学在现代兽医专业教学和动物疾病诊断中的作用,本文从人才培养、科研和生产实践应用等方面进行了探讨。指出兽医病理学具有培养高素质兽医专业人才、为动物疾病诊断提供方向或确诊疾病、验证和评估诊断结果、为科研选题提供手段与方向和解决动物医疗纠纷的重要作用。期望广大兽医专业教学工作者重视该课程教学,使学生掌握兽医病理学基础及其诊断技术。     

磺胺二甲嘧啶在黑鲪体内的药物代谢动力学和残留消除研究

在(14±1)℃水温条件下,对黑鲪单次口灌100 mg/kg体重的磺胺二甲嘧啶,进行药物代谢动力学研究。在(20±2)℃水温条件下,按照《中华人民共和国水产行业标准磺胺类药物水产养殖使用规范》推荐剂量对黑鮶连续5天口灌给予磺胺二甲嘧啶,研究其在黑鮶体内的残留消除规律。血浆、肌肉和肝脏样品采用高效液相色谱检测,DAS2.0药物代谢动力学软件对数据进行处理分析。结果表明磺胺二甲嘧啶在黑鲪血浆、肌肉和肝脏中均符合一室模型,肝脏、血液和肌肉中药物达峰时间分别为6 h,8 h和10 h;峰值浓度分别为26.45μg/g、25.57μg/g和31.15μg/g;连续多次给药后,黑鮶血液、肌肉、肝脏中药物浓度分别在给药后12d、14d、15d后小于最大残留限量要求(0.1mg/kg)。     

我国兔毛品质研究状况的探讨

通过对兔毛纤维类型、物理特性和结构特征的分析,并与相关动物纤维作比较,探讨了兔毛在纺织上的应用价值。     

Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6 as FMDV receptors: Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and comparison with other species

Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions. Many integrins recognize RGD sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. Four members of the αv integrin family of cellular receptors, αvβ3, αvβ6, αvβ1 and αvβ8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in the infected animals. To analyse the roles of the αv integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we have cloned Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 integrin cDNAs and compared them to those of other species. The coding sequences for Bactrian camel integrin αv, β3 and β6 were found to be 3165, 2289 and 2367 nucleotides in length, encoding 1054, 762 and 788 amino acids, respectively. The Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 subunits share many structural features with homologues of other species, including the ligand binding domain and cysteine-rich region. Phylogenetic trees and similarity analyses showed the close relationships of integrin genes from Bactrian camels, pigs and cattle, which are each susceptible to FMDV infection, that were distinct from the orders Rodentia, Primates, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes and Xenopus. We postulate that host tropism of FMDV may in part be related to the divergence in integrin subunits among different species.     

辽西北暖性灌草丛类草原牧鸡治蝗效果试验

在辽西北暖性灌草丛类天然草原开展了牧鸡治蝗试验,通过对草原蝗虫防治效果、日捕食量、牧鸡日增重、牧草生产力水平及经济效益等指标进行测定分析,初步探索辽西北草原区牧鸡治蝗综合防治效果.     

自然主义的哈尼稻作及其可持续发展

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t探究水稻秸秆的饲用特征对UV-B辐射的响应。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t通过大田原位模拟试验,以元阳梯田传统水稻品种白脚老粳为材料,研究不同强度UV-B辐射处理(0、2.5、5.0和7.5 kJ/m²)对水稻秸秆生长形态(茎秆长、茎粗和生物量)和饲用化学成分(粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、淀粉、可溶性糖和非蛋白氮)的影响,并分析秸秆的品质营养价值指数(秸秆的可吸收营养物质总量TDN、净能NE₁、秸秆干物质采食量DMI、可消化的干物质DDM和相对饲料价值RFV)。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t随着UV-B辐射增强,水稻秸秆的长度和茎粗增加,生物量下降。不同UV-B辐射增强处理下,水稻秸秆的粗蛋白含量、粗纤维含量、粗脂肪含量、粗灰分含量和中性洗涤纤维含量没有显著的差异;非蛋白氮含量、淀粉含量和可溶性糖含量表现出单峰变化规律;酸性洗涤纤维含量在2.5 kJ/m² UV-B辐射处理时最低。2.5和5.0 kJ/m² UV-B辐射处理时,形态响应指数、饲用品质响应指数和综合响应指数较高;2.5 kJ/m² UV-B辐射处理时,秸秆的品质营养价值指数TDN、NE₁、DMI、DDM和RFV最高,分别为46.92 g/kg、5.01 MJ/kg、1.93 g/kg、56.05 g/kg和83.85%。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t适当的UV-B辐射能提高水稻秸秆的饲用特征,UV-B辐射为2.5 kJ/m²时水稻秸秆饲用特征较好。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t     

曲靖市马龙区荒野格局分析

以马龙区荒野为研究对象,选取距聚居点的遥远度、距可达道路的遥远度、人口分布密度、生物物理自然度4项指标进行叠加分析,绘制了马龙区荒野的分布图,并对荒野面积的水平分布、垂直分布、景观格局以及荒野保护空间进行了分析评价。结果表明：马龙区荒野在水平空间上呈环带分布格局,中部区域荒野面积相对较大、荒野质量相对较高;其外围环带区域荒野面积较小、质量较低、“孤岛化”、“碎片化”较为严重;最外围环带荒野质量又显明提高,面积较为完整。马龙区高质量荒野的储量占比较大,主要集中分布于海拔1 957～2 178 m,面积占比52.92 %。其中一级荒野斑块连通性最好,二、三级荒野斑块的破碎程度较大,四级荒野的斑块形状最复杂;现有保护形式未能对高质荒野形成全面覆盖。马龙区应加强荒野保护区建设,提高对荒野的保护覆盖率,同时通过人工手段恢复和提高低质荒野质量。研究结果可为马龙区荒野保护工作的展开提供参考。