Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel anthranilic diamides containing acylthiourea and acylurea

Two series of anthranilic diamides containing acylthiourea and acylurea linkers were designed and synthesized, with changed length and flexibility of the linkers to compare to known anthranilic diamide insecticides. In total, 26 novel compounds were synthesized, and all compounds were characterized by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Their insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm ( Mythimna separata ), mosquito larvae ( Culex pipiens pallens ), and diamondback moth ( Plutella xylostella ) were evaluated. The larvicidal activities against oriental armyworm indicated that the introduction of acylthiourea into some structures could retain their insecticidal activity; 8 of the 15 compounds (13a-13e, 14a-14e, and 15a-15e) exhibited 100% larvicidal activity at 10 mg/L. However, the introduction of acylurea decreased the insecticidal activity; only 3 of the 11 compounds (17a-17k) exhibited 100% larvicidal activity at 200 mg/L. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique indicated that compound 13b and chlorantraniliprole exhibited similar effects on the voltage-gated calcium channel. The calcium-imaging technique was also applied to investigate the effects of compounds 13b and 15a on the intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), which indicated that they released stored calcium ions from endoplasmic reticulum. Experimental results denoted that several new compounds are potential activators of the insect ryanodine receptor (RyR).     

棉花虫害诊断系统的设计与Web实现

为了推广棉花虫害诊断知识,满足更多棉农对领域专家诊断的需求,该文利用Java和Web技术,并以SQL Server2000为数据库开发工具,设计了一套网络化的棉花虫害诊断系统,实现了借助互联网对棉花虫害进行远程诊断的目标。该系统引入了模糊推理与案例相结合的方法,对棉花虫害的诊断及原有知识获取方法进行改进,提高了棉花虫害诊断的准确度和效率,弥补了单纯运用案例检索方法诊断的不足;系统不仅提供了知识浏览、案例查询、专家咨询等功能,可为棉农提供快速、方便、准确的智能查询服务,而且可通过专家咨询功能,向棉农提供在线远程会诊服务。     

M85甲醇燃料在EQ6100发动机上应用的试验研究

为了缓解汽车对石油的依赖,改善我国大气污染,适应我国能源开发的需要,对保有量大、应用面广的ＥＱ６１００汽车发动机进行了高掺烧比例甲醇燃料（Ｍ８５）的技术改造和试验研究。通过对原发动机的结构改装和有关参数的调整,试验结果表明Ｍ８５甲醇发动机与原发动机相比,其动力性、经济性和尾气排放均有大幅度的改善和提高。甲醇燃料完全可以在现有改装的汽油机上使用。     

石灰性土壤交换性钙和镁测定方法的研究

石灰性土壤交换性盐基组成的测定,通行的方法是采用70%乙醇溶液反复洗盐,再经pH 8.50.1 mol L-1氯化铵-70%乙醇(CH3CH2OH)溶液进行多次交换处理,测定交换液中的K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+浓度。但此方法常常受操作步骤繁琐,以及土壤中碳酸盐的溶解量因多次浸提而增加的困扰,最终导致测定结果偏高。基于上述原因,选择不同浓度、不同pH的NH4OAc和NH4Cl 10种交换剂,对比分析10种交换剂中的碳酸盐溶解度和土壤交换性钙镁含量。结果表明,pH=8.5 1 mol L-1氯化铵-70%乙醇(CH3CH2OH)溶液较适合石灰性土壤交换性盐基的测定。此新方法是先经70%乙醇(CH3CH2OH)溶液洗盐,再用pH8.5 1 mol L-1氯化铵(NH4Cl)-70%乙醇(CH3CH2OH)溶液进行一次性交换处理,然后测定交换液的K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+浓度,简化了操作程序的同时有效抑制了土壤碳酸盐的溶解,降低了测定结果的偏差。     

Mapping quantitative trait loci for cottonseed oil,protein and gossypol content in a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis> × <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium barbadense</Emphasis> backcross inbred line population

Cotton is one of the most important oil-producing crops and the cottonseed meal provides important protein nutrients as animal feed. However, information on the genetic basis of cottonseed oil and protein contents is lacking. A backcross inbred line (BIL) population from a cross between Gossypium hirsutum as the recurrent parent and G. barbadense was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for cottonseed oil, protein, and gossypol contents. The BIL population of 146 lines together with the two parental lines was tested in the same location for three years in China. Based on a genetic map of 392 SSR markers and a total genetic distance of 2,895.2 cM, 17 QTLs on 12 chromosomes for oil content, 22 QTLs on 12 chromosomes for protein content and three QTLs on two chromosomes for gossypol content were detected. Seed oil content was significantly and negatively correlated with seed protein content, which can be explained by eight QTLs for both oil and protein contents co-localized in the same regions but with opposite additive effects. This research represents the first report using a permanent advanced backcross inbred population of an interspecific hybrid population to identify QTLs for seed quality traits in cotton in three environments.     

澳洲坚果引种试种研究初报

澳洲坚果无性系从１９７９年开始引入中国，并在南亚热带作物研究所（南亚所）试种，现已在南亚热带地区七省扩大试种达２００ｈｍ＾２，各地生长均良好，已有少量结果。南亚所植区澳洲坚果１３龄树平均单株年产已达６ｋｇ（壳果），抗寒性良好，在－４℃时仍未受害，病虫害不严重（曾发生过花序枯萎病、速衰病、茎干溃疡病），但风害严重。澳洲坚果的适生温度在１０℃－３０℃，以最冷月（１）平均气温≤１０℃，年降雨量在１０００     

FDI融资效应对农业产业组织的影响机理研究

融资能力不足是制约我国农业发展和农业产业发展的主要瓶颈。FDI对东道国相关产业的融资效应显而易见,本文分析了我国农业产业组织融资过程中遇到的障碍与问题,并就FDI如何通过融资效应促进我国农业产业发展做了深入分析。      

青海省农作物品种管理数据库系统的建立及应用技术研究

青海省首次建成并使用的“青海省农作物品种管理数据库系统”是促进全省品种管理、合理推广应用优良品种，为社会提供品种咨询服务业务的信息系统工程，对发展农业生产，提高良种覆盖率具有很高的实用价值和理论意义。     

养分投入和作物根系对土壤微生物氮转化的影响

土壤氮转化的主体是微生物,土壤有机质与根系分泌物是微生物氮转化的驱动力。综述了养分投入和作物根系通过微生物对土壤氮转化的影响。指出化肥或有机肥的投入,通过改变光合产物向根系的分配和土壤难/易有机质的数量,或直接提供微生物底物方式,改变微生物生物量、群落结构、氮转化功能基因的数量或相关酶的产生,从而影响土壤氮的转化;还指出根系通过根系分泌物或根茬还田影响土壤微生物的数量和活性,土壤有机质含量也显著影响微生物氮转化过程。总之,养分投入通过直接或间接方式影响土壤微生物,进而影响土壤养分的存在状态,最终影响作物对养分的吸收。