利用人工口腔来客观评定猪肉多汁性的新方法

研制两种人工口腔模型（ＡＭＡ和ＡＭＢ）用于度量猪肉的多汁性。人工口腔由海绵舌和人工牙组成。肉样方水浴后在一定压力下被人工口腔咬合Ｉｓ由这种咬合导致的肉汁损失量用作猪肉多汁性的工量。根据３０个猪背最长肌胸段随机查本测定结果,ＡＭＢ型人工口腔在加压４００Ｎ时对肉样的度量值能达到最佳重复率（０．８５）,并与主观度量的多汁性形成最强的相关。此外,ＡＭＢ型人工口腔对肉样的度量值与肉质参数的相关程度要高于主观     

河南省豆科植物根瘤菌表型多样性研究

在河南省根瘤菌资源调查的基础上 ,选取 2 9株快生根瘤菌和 34株参比菌株 ,进行了 10 2项表型性状测定和聚类分析。结果表明 :不同地理来源、甚至同一地理来源或同种寄主的不同菌株在碳氮源利用、抗生素抗性、耐逆性等方面存在着较大的多样性。有 7株菌对链霉素、青霉素和白霉素有较强的耐受性 ;有 2 3株和 2 5株菌可分别耐受 2 .0 g/ L的香酚兰和中性红 ;有 2株菌可在含 5 0 g/ L Na Cl的 YMA培养基上生长 ;有 6株菌在 p H值 11条件下能够生长。在 84 %的相似性水平上未知菌株构成了 2个独立的表观群 ,其中 Cluster 1有 7株菌 ,中心菌株为 H 0 38;Cluster 2有 3株菌 ,中心菌株为 H0 2 6。     

60Co-γ辐射对大花紫薇叶绿素荧光特性的影响

为探究60Co-γ射线辐射处理种子对大花紫薇生长发育中光合效率的影响,以大花紫薇种子为试验材料,以不同60Co-γ射线辐射剂量(0、20、60、100、140、180 Gy)进行辐射处理,测量不同处理生长发育过程中叶绿素及光合指标的变化,研究其对紫薇光合系统的影响。结果表明:20、60 Gy处理较对照和其他处理叶绿素质量分数更高,更有利于叶片进行光合作用;60、100 Gy处理较对照和其他处理潜在光合速率和最大光合效率更好;各时期光合性能指数与综合性能指数均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,但随时间的增加整体呈现下降的趋势,60 Gy较其他处理性能指数高。由此得出,60 Gy辐射处理有利于大花紫薇光合色素的产生与积累,较好的增加电子传递效率,有利于光合系统的运转和能量的积累。     

云南沟谷雨林建群种绒毛番龙眼居群的遗传多样性

【目的】了解云南特有的沟谷雨林主要建群种绒毛番龙眼居群的遗传多样性及遗传结构特征,为雨林植被恢复的采种规划和恢复效果评估提供重要参考。【方法】采用SSR分子标记技术,检测分析云南省西双版纳州和普洱市思茅区的绒毛番龙眼3个天然居群和1个人工居群共82个样本的SSR多态性,采用POPGENE v.1.32、GenAlEx 6.501和STRUCTURE 2.3.3等进行遗传多样性及遗传结构分析。【结果】19对SSR引物共检测到88个等位基因,每对引物平均4.632个,19个位点的Shannon’s信息指数（I）变化范围为0.264~1.687,平均为0.879;多态信息指数（PIC）变化范围为0.128~0.729,平均为0.422,期望杂合度（He）的变化范围为0.138~0.765,平均为0.473;4个居群I和He的均值分别为0.785,0.437。19个位点的遗传分化系数（F_ST）均值为0.069,基因流（Nm）的均值为3.363。STRUCTURE分析将绒毛番龙眼4个居群82个样本分为4个类群,基于遗传距离的UPGMA聚类显示4个居群聚为2个分支,菜阳河天然林居群、普文人工林居群和普文天然林居群聚为一支,勐养镇天然林居群单独为另一支。【结论】绒毛番龙眼的遗传多样性处于中等水平;居群间的遗传分化较低,遗传变异主要来源于居群内;建议特别关注居群内个体的选择和保护,在沟谷雨林植被恢复中设定天然居群多样性水平的恢复目标,并通过科学的采种规划实现这一目标。     

广东省赤红壤区土壤团聚体有机碳和铁氧化物特征及稳定性

通过野外采样和室内分析相结合,以广东省赤红壤区花岗岩(G)、第四纪红土(Q)和砂页岩(S)母质发育的林地(FL)、水田(PF)和旱地(UL)土壤为研究对象,分析了土壤团聚体有机碳及其组分和不同形态铁氧化物含量,探究了其对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响及贡献.结果显示:(1)3种母质发育的3种利用方式土壤团聚体均以>0.25 m...     

Effect of LED light quality on the phototaxis and locomotion behaviour of Haliotis discus hannai

Abalones were reared in a laboratory to determine the percentage response rate, response time, average crawling speed and the time taken to recover an upright posture under nine light‐emitting diode light quality treatments (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple, white and grey) and a dark environment. Animals were placed in the centre of an experimental device, and the tropism of each animal was continuously monitored by video. The highest percentage response rate (80% in dark adapted abalones, 60% in light adapted abalones) was observed in the dark environment, followed by red and orange light (27% and 30% in dark adapted abalones, respectively, 22% and 24% in light adapted abalones). Two induction materials (substrate and brown algae Laminaria japonica) were used to assess the effect of light quality on the tropism of abalones, with the highest percentage response rate (76% in the L. japonica treatment, 22% in the substrate treatment) also observed in the dark environment, followed by red and orange light (both 25% in the L. japonica treatment, and 26% and 32%, respectively, in the substrate treatment). The tropism order of the abalones under dark, red, orange and yellow light was as follows: dark > orange > red, yellow, but fewer abalones chose to stay in blue, green, cyan and purple light. The response time (about 700 s) in the dark environment was significantly longer than for the other light quality treatments. Compared with the average crawling speed in the other light quality treatments, abalones were relatively slower (about 3.8 mm s^?1) in red and orange light, and the dark environment. The mean time required for the recovery of an upright posture in red light and the dark environment was longer than in the other light quality treatments, with the average recovery time reaching a maximum of 60 s in the dark environment. The results demonstrate the phototaxis and locomotion behaviour of abalones, as well as confirming the necessity of a dark, orange or red environment for their management and aquaculture.     

The Kinetic Study of Adsorption of Methane on Anthracite and Its Char

The adsorption quantities of methane on anthracite and its char at different tem-perature and time were measured by using volumetric niethod. The corresponding adsorption formula-is presented. The experimental results have shown that the diffusion acti-vation energies of methane in the anthracite and its char are 14.3 kJ/mol and 26. 3 kJ/mol.It issuggested that the diffusion process of methane could be the flow through the micropores in the an-thracite and its char.     

啤酒大麦优质高产栽培措施及收藏要领

啤酒大麦作为我国啤酒工业的重要原料,不仅要求有较好的外观色泽、较高的内在品质、较低的蛋白质含量、较高的千粒重,还需保持较高的发芽率。所以,熟练掌握啤酒大麦的优质高产栽培措施和其安全贮藏技术,是提高啤酒大麦生产效益和使用价值的关键所在。啤酒大麦的优质高产栽培必须以主攻穗数、稳定粒数、提高粒重为目标,确保每公顷成穗数达750万～825万、每穗20～22粒、千粒重40g以上,确保每公顷产量突破6000～6750kg;而其安全贮藏则必须做到适时收获、及时摊晒、科学堆放、科学防治病虫等四点。     

‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果锈发生规律调查与防治建议

以‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄为调查对象,以果袋颜色、植物生长调节剂、负载量、氮钙施肥配比、挂树时间、树龄、果粒大小、糖度等指标为变量,连续多年在河南省调查了‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果锈的发生规律,并提出了防治措施,即:套绿色或蓝色果袋;使用25 mg/L GA3+5 mg/L CPPU或25 mg/L GA3+2.5 mg/L TDZ进行无核保果处理;667 m^2产量控制在1500~2000 kg;高钙低氮配比施肥;果实糖度达到18%以后及时采收;培养壮树;多留副梢,尤其是果穗附近副梢叶片;减少或不要触碰果实。