植物增殖细胞核抗原与DNA复制关系的研究现状

为了更深入的对植物增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA)进行研究,本研究归纳了PCNA的研究现状,总结了PCNA的结构特征和包括PCNA参与DNA复制、DNA损伤修复和细胞周期调控等在内的PCNA的功能特点。目前有关PCNA的研究以医学和动物体为主,有关植物PCNA研究的报道很少且相对落后,但已有文献指出,PCNA调控DNA复制,参与DNA复制以确保植物体正常生长发育,因此植物PCNA的功能值得继续研究。     

Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein up-regulates endothelin receptors in mouse mesenteric artery through p38 MAPK pathway

AIMTo investigate whether minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) affects the quantity and activity of endothelin （ET） type A (ET_A) and type B (ET_B) receptors in mouse mesenteric artery by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory pathway. METHODSThe KM mice were divided into normal saline (NS) group (injection of NS via caudal vein), mmLDL group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein), LDL group (injection of LDL via caudal vein), mmLDL+SB 203580 group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein and intraperitoneal injection of p38 MAPK pathway specific inhibitor SB 203580) and mmLDL+DMSO group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein and intraperitoneal injection of DMSO). Mesenteric artery ring segment vasoconstriction dose-response curves affected by sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) and ET-1 were recorded by the myography system. The mRNA levels of ET_B receptor, ET_A receptor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of ET_B receptor, ET_A receptor, IL-6, p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, NF-κB and p-NF-κB were determined by Western blot. The serum concentration of IL-6 was measured by ELISA. RESULTSThe contractile responses of the blood vessel segments to S6c and ET-1 were significantly increased by mmLDL (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of ET_A receptor, ET_B receptor, and IL-6 significantly increased (P<0.01). The protein levels of p-p38 MAPK and p-NF-κB were significantly increased (P<0.01). The serum level of IL-6 was significantly increased (P<0.01). These effects of mmLDL were inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580. CONCLUSION mmLDL increses the serum concentration of IL-6, up-regulates the expression of IL-6, ET_A receptor and ET_B receptor in mouse mesenteric artery, and enhances the vasoconstriction function medi?ated by ET_A and ET_B receptors, which is related to the activation of p38 MAPK inflammatory pathway and downstream NF-κB pathway.     

盐酸返滴定法测定玉米脂肪酸值的可行性

为验证玉米脂肪酸值快速、简便、直观、准确的测定方法,以现行的国家标准GB/T 20570-2015《玉米储存品质判定规则》附录A中手工滴定法和电位滴定法为基础,采用盐酸返滴定法,对外观颜色相近的28个玉米样品及外观颜色明显差异的11个不同玉米品种的脂肪酸值进行测定。结果表明:28个外观颜色相近的玉米样品脂肪酸值手工滴定法与盐酸返滴定法的最小差为0.06 mg/100g,最大差为1.98mg/100g(小于2 mg/100g),2种方法测定脂肪酸值结果基本一致;二者的标准差分别在0.03～0.95mg/100g和0.11～0.82 mg/100g,RSD分别在0.22%～4.47%和0.62%～3.16%(RSD均小于5%),方法稳定性好。外观颜色明显差异的11个玉米品种脂肪酸测定值在手工滴定、电位滴定和盐酸返滴定3种方法间存在显著线性相关性(R2≥0.993)。盐酸返滴定法测定玉米脂肪酸值其精密度和稳定性均能满足测定要求,滴定速度快,终点颜色易判断,测定结果准确度高。     

从乡村振兴视角谈科技特派员制度创新——以浙江省为例

乡村振兴战略的提出赋予科技特派员制度新的要求:产业振兴要求体系更完整,且有产业化更强的科技供给能力;文化振兴和生态振兴对科技特派员的人文和规划设计素养提出新需求;组织振兴和人才振兴赋予了科技特派员制度新使命。从政府和高校2个维度对科技特派员制度提出创新建议:拓宽振兴领域,打造科技特派员制度升级版;强化多方联动,激发科技特派员制度新动能;发挥高校优势,建设双师型科技特派员新队伍;推进劳动教育,挖掘科技特派员制度新功能。     

东方百合鳞茎快速增长的组培体系研究

以东方百合栽培品种‘Sorbonne’和‘Siberia’的组培苗为试验材料,研究了蔗糖、6-BA、IAA、PP333及活性炭（AC）的添加浓度对组培苗小鳞茎增重和直径生长的影响;结果表明：80g／L蔗糖浓度有利于‘Sorbonne’和‘Siberia’组培苗小鳞茎增重;6-BA浓度为0．2mg／L、IAA浓度为0．5和1．0mg／L时‘Sorbonne’和‘Siberia’组培苗小鳞茎平均直径增加最大,分别为120．7％和138．0％;PP333浓度达3．2mg／L和1．6mg／L时,‘Sorbonne’和‘Siberia’的组培苗小鳞茎平均直径增加最大,分别达到505．7％和211．3％;AC浓度达到2．0g／L时‘Sorbonne’试管苗小鳞茎平均直径增加最大,浓度达到4．0g／L‘Siberia’组培苗小鳞茎平均直径增加最大,分别为194．7％和220．3％。     

Genomic footprints of wheat evolution in China reflected by a Wheat660K SNP array

Common wheat(Triticum aestiuum L.)is one of the most important crops because it provides about 20%of the total calories for humans.T.aestiuum is an excellent modern species for studying concerted evolution of sub-genomes in polyploid species,because of its large chromosome size and three well-known genome donors.Establishment of common wheat genome reference sequence and development of high-density SNP chips provide an excellent foundation to answer questions of wheat evolution and breeding at the genomic level.By genotyping more than 600 accessions of common wheat and their diploid and tetraploid ancestors using a Wheat660 K SNP array,we found dramatic genome changes due to tetraploidization and hexaploidization,in contrast to weaker influences of domestication and breeding on them.Further,since common wheat was introduced in China in 1500 BCE,Chinese landraces formed two subgroups(T.aestiuum-L1 and T.aestiuum-L2)with considerably diverse geographic distributions and agronomic traits.T.aestiuum-L2,mainly distributed in central and east China is found to have more but smaller oval grains with early maturity characteristics.We found that variation and selection in intergenic regions of the A and B sub-genomes dominated this differentiation,in which chromosomes 7 A and 3 B took the leading roles due to the existence of putative genes related to defense responses and environmental adaption in the highly differentiated regions.Large haplotype blocks were detected on 3 B(232.6-398.3 Mb)and 7 A(211.7-272.9 Mb)in the landraces,forming two distinct haplotypes,respectively.We discovered that artificial crosses in breeding promoted recombination in the whole genome,however,this recombination and differentiation was highly asymmetric among the three sub-genomes in homoeologous regions.In addition,we found that the wide use of European and northern American cultivars in breeding at early era,led dramatic changes in Chinese wheat genome,whereas,the recent breeding functioned to optimize it.This study will provide the insight for reconsideration of wheat evolution and breeding,and a new strategy for parent selection in breeding.     

Generation of a uniform thymic malignant lymphoma model with C57BL/6J p53 gene deficient mice

Lymphoma is the third most common cancer diagnosed in children, and T-cell lymphoma has the worst prognosis based on clinical observations. To date, a lymphoma model with uniform penetrance has not yet been developed. In this study, we generated a p53 deficient mouse model by targeting embryonic stem cells derived from a C57BL/6J mouse strain. Homozygous p53 deficient mice exhibited a higher rate of spontaneous tumorigenesis, with a high spontaneous occurrence rate (93.3%) of malignant lymphoma. Because tumor models with high phenotypic consistency are currently needed, we generated a lymphoma model by a single intraperitoneal injection of 37.5 or 75 mg/kg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea to p53 deficient mice. Lymphoma and retinal degeneration occurred in 100% of p53^+/− mice administered with higher concentrations of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, a much greater response than those of previously reported models. The main anatomic sites of lymphoma were the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Both induced and spontaneous lymphomas in the thymus and spleen stained positive for CD3 antigen, and flow cytometry detected positive CD4 and/or CD8 cells. Based on our observations and previous data, we hypothesize that mice with a B6 background are prone to lymphomagenesis.     

花鲈虹彩病毒交叉引物恒温扩增检测方法的建立

【目的】花鲈虹彩病毒(Lateolabrax maculatus iridovirus,LMIV)严重威胁花鲈养殖业安全,无特效防控药物,早期诊断在LMIV防控中发挥极其重要的作用。建立一种简便、快捷、准确的现场快速诊断方法,可为LMIV的基层诊断提供技术支撑。【方法】利用交叉引物恒温扩增技术(Cross priming amplification,CPA),针对LMIV ATPase基因高保守区设计1套单交叉引物。以构建的ATPase重组质粒作为阳性模板,对反应体系中的引物浓度比,Bst DNA聚合酶、Betaine、MgSO₄、dNTP浓度,以及反应温度和反应时间进行优化;结合一次性核酸试纸条,建立可视化检测LMIV-CPA的方法。【结果】最优引物浓度比组合为交叉引物CPF1.0μmol/L,引物F3和B3均为0.4μmol/L,探针引物B1(FAM)和B2(Biotin)均为0.8μmol/L;MgSO4浓度为6 mmol/L、Betaine浓度为0.4 mol/L、dNTP浓度为0.6 mmol/L、Bst DNA聚合酶浓度为0.256 U/μL;最佳反应...     

PBL模式《小动物透明标本制作与技术改良》建设与教学探索

《小动物透明标本制作与技术改良》课程引入国际流行的PBL(Problem based learning)教学模式,通过教师引导,学生自主学习、讨论制定实验方案,主动动手操作,并总结汇报实验成果的教学流程,探讨小动物透明标本的制作方法及技术改良手段,以及创新性实验课程的开设模式.教学实践表明:基于PBL的实验教学模式不仅...