裂区设计下分析影响欧洲菊苣产量的因素

在裂区设计下,分析影响欧洲菊苣（Cichorium intybus cv.Europ）产量的7个因素,结果表明：播种季节对株高、产量有显著性影响;播种方式对株高、茎粗、密度、盖度、产量5个指标均有显著影响。进一步通过因子分析得出欧洲菊苣产量最佳组合为撒播、密度在50～59株·m^-2、盖度为94%～100%。     

一种高寒草地草产量快速测定工具的设计和试验

为解决青藏高原天然草地在草产量测定过程中费时、繁琐、草地破坏严重以及对工作人员的潜在危害较大等问题,利用植物群落草层高度、盖度、密度等综合指标与天然草地草产量间的相关性,建立函数关系,并制作成简易的测草杖进行草产量的快速测定。结果表明,与传统的样方法相比,该测草杖可节约时间75%左右,节省劳动力50%左右,降低50%~80%左右成本,同时也保障了工作人员的健康。     

全株饲用大麦品系筛选及赤霉素对其产量的影响

大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）是耐盐、耐寒的优良作物,筛选全株饲用大麦品种（系）进行青刈利用有助于提高盐碱土地利用率、增加春季青绿饲草供应。本研究选用27个常规大麦品系,测定株高、茎粗和叶茎比等农艺性状,并于抽穗期刈割,分别测定产量、可溶性碳水化合物（WSC）、粗蛋白（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和干物质体外消化率（IVDMD）等饲用品质性状,进行农艺性状与产量、饲用品质性状相关分析,筛选产量高、饲用品质优良的大麦品系;利用6个不同类型品系进行外源赤霉素（GA）的喷施试验,研究GA对全株饲用大麦产量的影响。结果表明：R150,R153,R287,R143,R295适宜整株青饲;分蘖数、茎粗和株高可作为辅助选择适宜整株青饲大麦品系（种）的依据。苗期喷施GA对不同类型大麦品系产量的影响不同,R154、R159、R171的产量显著增加（P<0.05）,R195产量增加不显著,R134产量降低。对于R169来说,仅60 g·hm^-2喷施浓度的处理高于对照。因此应结合大麦品种特点选择适宜的GA喷施时间和浓度。     

家蚕细胞色素P450基因CYP9A22的克隆及在中肠和脂肪体的诱导转录

细胞色素P450对昆虫的生长发育、环境适应性以及抗药性具有重要作用。为了探讨氯氰菊酯对家蚕(Bombyxmori)细胞色素P450基因转录的诱导作用,采用RT-PCR技术和cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)策略,从家蚕5龄幼虫克隆到细胞色素P450基因CYP9A22(GenBank登录号:EF535804)。CYP9A22基因的cDNA编码区长1 596 bp,编码531个氨基酸,推定的蛋白质分子质量为61 kD,等电点为7.71。将该基因的cDNA和家蚕基因组序列比对,有9个内含子;与已知的CYP9家族的棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)CYP9A14基因的相应氨基酸同源性达到62.3%。用半定量RT-PCR方法分析氯氰菊酯诱导家蚕CYP9A22表达水平,结果表明:CYP9A22的mRNA转录表达具有组织特异性,在中肠的表达量高于脂肪体;氯氰菊酯诱导家蚕24 h,在其脂肪体的表达量是未诱导家蚕脂肪体的3.1倍,初步推测CYP9A22的过量表达可能与抗药性有一定关系。     

茧层量差异家蚕品种后部丝腺细胞和血液组织的蛋白质表达谱分析

为了研究家蚕茧层量性状的分子调控机制,采用蛋白质双向电泳和图像分析技术,分析了遗传背景基本相同,而结茧性状和茧层量具有明显差异的正常茧、薄皮茧、裸蛹3个家蚕品种的丝腺细胞和血液组织的蛋白质表达与茧层量的关系。结果表明:裸蛹品种的丝腺细胞蛋白斑点与正常茧品种的蛋白斑点的匹配率仅在65%左右,且存在35%左右的特异蛋白斑点,暗示裸蛹性状可能是主效基因控制的微效多基因遗传;3个品种后部丝腺细胞特异蛋白斑点、匹配蛋白斑点按等电点划分的分布规律具有明显差异,而血液组织相应的分布规律非常相似,暗示丝腺细胞中的蛋白及其基因对家蚕茧层量性状的作用要大于血液组织中的蛋白及其基因;正常茧、薄皮茧和裸蛹3个品种后部丝腺细胞中特异蛋白斑点及上调和下调蛋白斑点中,可能分别存在着与家蚕高茧层量性状、结薄皮茧性状以及不结茧性状有关的蛋白质。     

Effect of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Intestinal Structure of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on growth performance,immune function and intestinal structure of broilers. A total of 270 one-day-old healthy Tiejiaoma broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Control group was fed with the basal diet,group Ⅱ was fed with basal diet adding 8% flavomycin 60 mg/kg +15% aureomycin 270 mg/kg and group Ⅲ was fed with basal diet adding 1% Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The trial period lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follow:① At 21 days of age,the average daily feed intake of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the average daily gain and F/G among the three groups (P>0.05).②At 21 days of age,the thymus and bursa of Fabricius indexes of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05);But the spleen index were not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).③ At 21 days of age,the content of IgA and IgM in serum of groups Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IgG in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05).④At 21 days of age,the content of IL-2,TNF-α and sIgA in intestinal mucosa of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IL-6 in intestinal mucosa of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).⑤At 21 days of age,the villus height of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),the villus height/crypt depth of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). However,the crypt depth was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).In conclusion,that Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara could not affect the growth performance of broilers,but it could improve the development of immune organs,increase the secretion of serum immunoglobulin, promote the immune function of intestinal mucosa and intestinal morphology of jejunum.     

基于体外细胞模型的霉菌毒素毒性评价

霉菌毒素是由多种真菌产生的次级代谢产物,广泛存在于食品和饲料中。霉菌毒素污染的粮食和饲料会给畜牧业生产和畜产品质量安全带来极大隐患。研究霉菌毒素致毒机理,为今后研究其对动物及人的影响开展更深入更全面的研究提供理论依据。细胞模型作为一种常用的体外试验方法广泛用于毒理学研究中。本文简述了黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)和展青霉素(PAT)的一般特性,并综述了利用细胞模型进行AFB_1、OTA、DON、ZEA和PAT毒性、联合毒性及致毒机理研究的进展。     

Advances on Detection Methods for Residues of Nitrofurans in Food

Nitrofurans are broad-spectrum antibiotics which have been widely used in food animals to the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections.Due to abuse of drugs by criminals,animals could produce drug-resistant strains,which reduces the role of antibiotics.Meanwhile,excessive drugs residues in food has carcinogenic,teratogenic and mutagenic effects to the human body.In this paper,the damage and the detection methods of the residues of the nitrofurans in food are surveyed.The main detection methods include high performance liquid chromatography,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,enzyme-linked immunoassay,colloidal gold immunoassay and fluorescence immunity analysis method.The research status of various detection methods are summarized and the suggestions for further research are put forward.It is expected to provide reference for future research.     

基于《耕地质量等级》的靖远县耕地质量等级评价

基于《耕地质量等级》标准,按照黄土高原区耕地质量等级评定指标体系,利用县域耕地资源管理信息系统建立耕地质量等级信息系统数据库,运用空间分析、层次分析、模糊数学和综合指数等方法对靖远县耕地质量等级进行综合评价.结果表明:靖远县耕地受地貌、地形和水文地质条件影响等级高低出现了明显的区域分布规律,从北到南,依次为十等地到三等地,面积占比分别为1.51％、23.51％、41.55％、15.92％、10.31％、3.87％、2.34％、0.99％.耕地质量平均等级为7.64等,耕地主要利用类型由旱地和砂田逐渐向菜地和水田过渡.全县耕地土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾平均含量为11.41 g/kg、16.55 mg/kg、178.03 mg/kg,均属于中等水平.全氮为0.70 g/kg,属于低等水平.该评价较准确地反映了靖远县耕地质量等级现状,可对耕地质量的监测和保护提供了参考依据.     

肯塔基沙门菌对氟喹诺酮和碳青霉烯类药物耐药性研究进展

肯塔基沙门菌（Salmonella Kentucky）是继鼠伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌后又一与人类肠道疾病相关的沙门菌血清型,因其获得和传播耐药性的能力较强而逐渐引起关注。该血清型沙门菌按照多位点序列分型分得的众多亚型中,ST198血清亚型具有易获得耐药突变的基因组岛的特性,21世纪以来不断进化,除获得常见抗菌药物耐药基因外,还相继获得对氟喹诺酮类和碳青霉烯类药物的耐药性并扩散全球,造成临床上难以治疗的病例而引起世界卫生组织的关注。作者整理了肯塔基沙门菌的进化历程,着重阐述肯塔基沙门菌关于氟喹诺酮类及碳青霉烯类药物的耐药情况及耐药机制,以期为中国沙门菌的实验室防控监测系统提供理论依据。