冰鲜鸡生产链中沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及PFGE分型研究

为揭示冰鲜鸡生产链中沙门氏菌的分布及传播机制,本研究于2013年7月～2013年12月采集广东某大型一体化养鸡企业下属2个种鸡场、2个孵化场、2个肉鸡场、1个屠宰场和5个销售点样品,用常规法和PCR进行沙门氏菌的分离鉴定,并对分离出的沙门氏菌进行血清学鉴定和PFGE分子分型.种鸡场、肉鸡场、屠宰场和销售点的沙门氏菌的检出率分别为1.46%(7/480)、7.00%(21/300)、62.86%(22/35)和54.67%(41/75),孵化场雏鸡胎粪检出率为1.11%(2/180),死胚检出率为12.00%(9/75).屠宰和销售环节是沙门氏菌污染的重要环节,食品安全风险较高.102株沙门氏菌共产生24种不同的PFGE谱型,从不同环节分离到多组相似度为100%的沙门氏菌,表明冰鲜鸡生产链中存在沙门氏菌沿生产链传播的现象.     

《动物微生物学》实验教学模式的探讨

以《动物微生物学》课程整合和建设国家精品课为契机,加强实验教学。从引导学生树立安全节约、无菌操作、实事求是、学以致用的＂四种观念＂入手,培养＂四步学习＂方法,并以此为基础进行＂四层次＂教学,为锻炼学生实验技能提供合适平台,为个性发展提供充足空间。希望通过该教学模式改革与尝试,使动物医学专业的毕业生能够更准确、扎实地掌握各项微生物学实验操作技术,培养其解决实际问题和科技创新能力,为后续课程的学习以及就业或进一步深造奠定一定基础。     

虫草素预防肥胖及通过ADORA1介导GH3细胞中泌乳素分泌研究

为了研究虫草素是否具有预防肥胖的作用及其可能机制,试验利用高脂饮食诱导肥胖型高脂血症大鼠动物模型,并给予高、中、低不同剂量（50、25、12.5 mg/（kg·d））的虫草素,连续灌胃35 d后观察大鼠体重、脂肪系数、血脂水平的变化;体外培养大鼠脑垂体瘤细胞（GH3）,通过CCK8、Western blotting、ELISA等方法检测虫草素对GH3细胞的增殖毒性,以及腺苷受体A₁（ADORA₁）的表达和对泌乳素分泌量的影响。体内试验结果显示,与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠体重、脂肪系数和血脂水平（高密度脂蛋白（HDL）除外）均极显著升高（P<0.01）;虫草素高、中、低各剂量组均能极显著或显著降低大鼠体重、脂肪系数及总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平（P<0.01;P<0.05）,但HDL水平仅在虫草素高剂量组中显著升高（P<0.05）,而虫草素中、低剂量组均无显著变化（P>0.05）;体外试验结果显示,虫草素浓度低于25 μg/mL时对GH3细胞增殖无影响;虫草素能够诱导GH3细胞ADORA₁表达升高;虫草素和ADORA₁激动剂（R-PIA）单独作用能显著或极显著降低泌乳素的分泌量（P<0.05;P<0.01）,虫草素与ADORA₁抑制剂（DPCPX）联合作用时能够在一定程度上阻断虫草素对泌乳素的抑制作用。结果表明,虫草素具有预防肥胖和降血脂的作用,其可能的作用机制是通过诱导ADORA₁表达抑制泌乳素的分泌,该研究结果将为虫草素作为一种潜在的减肥降脂药物的开发提供一定依据。     

裂区设计下分析影响欧洲菊苣产量的因素

在裂区设计下,分析影响欧洲菊苣（Cichorium intybus cv.Europ）产量的7个因素,结果表明：播种季节对株高、产量有显著性影响;播种方式对株高、茎粗、密度、盖度、产量5个指标均有显著影响。进一步通过因子分析得出欧洲菊苣产量最佳组合为撒播、密度在50～59株·m^-2、盖度为94%～100%。     

一种高寒草地草产量快速测定工具的设计和试验

为解决青藏高原天然草地在草产量测定过程中费时、繁琐、草地破坏严重以及对工作人员的潜在危害较大等问题,利用植物群落草层高度、盖度、密度等综合指标与天然草地草产量间的相关性,建立函数关系,并制作成简易的测草杖进行草产量的快速测定。结果表明,与传统的样方法相比,该测草杖可节约时间75%左右,节省劳动力50%左右,降低50%~80%左右成本,同时也保障了工作人员的健康。     

全株饲用大麦品系筛选及赤霉素对其产量的影响

大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）是耐盐、耐寒的优良作物,筛选全株饲用大麦品种（系）进行青刈利用有助于提高盐碱土地利用率、增加春季青绿饲草供应。本研究选用27个常规大麦品系,测定株高、茎粗和叶茎比等农艺性状,并于抽穗期刈割,分别测定产量、可溶性碳水化合物（WSC）、粗蛋白（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和干物质体外消化率（IVDMD）等饲用品质性状,进行农艺性状与产量、饲用品质性状相关分析,筛选产量高、饲用品质优良的大麦品系;利用6个不同类型品系进行外源赤霉素（GA）的喷施试验,研究GA对全株饲用大麦产量的影响。结果表明：R150,R153,R287,R143,R295适宜整株青饲;分蘖数、茎粗和株高可作为辅助选择适宜整株青饲大麦品系（种）的依据。苗期喷施GA对不同类型大麦品系产量的影响不同,R154、R159、R171的产量显著增加（P<0.05）,R195产量增加不显著,R134产量降低。对于R169来说,仅60 g·hm^-2喷施浓度的处理高于对照。因此应结合大麦品种特点选择适宜的GA喷施时间和浓度。     

Effect of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Intestinal Structure of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on growth performance,immune function and intestinal structure of broilers. A total of 270 one-day-old healthy Tiejiaoma broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Control group was fed with the basal diet,group Ⅱ was fed with basal diet adding 8% flavomycin 60 mg/kg +15% aureomycin 270 mg/kg and group Ⅲ was fed with basal diet adding 1% Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The trial period lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follow:① At 21 days of age,the average daily feed intake of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the average daily gain and F/G among the three groups (P>0.05).②At 21 days of age,the thymus and bursa of Fabricius indexes of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05);But the spleen index were not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).③ At 21 days of age,the content of IgA and IgM in serum of groups Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IgG in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05).④At 21 days of age,the content of IL-2,TNF-α and sIgA in intestinal mucosa of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IL-6 in intestinal mucosa of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).⑤At 21 days of age,the villus height of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),the villus height/crypt depth of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). However,the crypt depth was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).In conclusion,that Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara could not affect the growth performance of broilers,but it could improve the development of immune organs,increase the secretion of serum immunoglobulin, promote the immune function of intestinal mucosa and intestinal morphology of jejunum.     

Advances on Detection Methods for Residues of Nitrofurans in Food

Nitrofurans are broad-spectrum antibiotics which have been widely used in food animals to the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections.Due to abuse of drugs by criminals,animals could produce drug-resistant strains,which reduces the role of antibiotics.Meanwhile,excessive drugs residues in food has carcinogenic,teratogenic and mutagenic effects to the human body.In this paper,the damage and the detection methods of the residues of the nitrofurans in food are surveyed.The main detection methods include high performance liquid chromatography,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,enzyme-linked immunoassay,colloidal gold immunoassay and fluorescence immunity analysis method.The research status of various detection methods are summarized and the suggestions for further research are put forward.It is expected to provide reference for future research.     

基于《耕地质量等级》的靖远县耕地质量等级评价

基于《耕地质量等级》标准,按照黄土高原区耕地质量等级评定指标体系,利用县域耕地资源管理信息系统建立耕地质量等级信息系统数据库,运用空间分析、层次分析、模糊数学和综合指数等方法对靖远县耕地质量等级进行综合评价.结果表明:靖远县耕地受地貌、地形和水文地质条件影响等级高低出现了明显的区域分布规律,从北到南,依次为十等地到三等地,面积占比分别为1.51％、23.51％、41.55％、15.92％、10.31％、3.87％、2.34％、0.99％.耕地质量平均等级为7.64等,耕地主要利用类型由旱地和砂田逐渐向菜地和水田过渡.全县耕地土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾平均含量为11.41 g/kg、16.55 mg/kg、178.03 mg/kg,均属于中等水平.全氮为0.70 g/kg,属于低等水平.该评价较准确地反映了靖远县耕地质量等级现状,可对耕地质量的监测和保护提供了参考依据.     

江西地方品种水牛产肉性能及肉品质分析研究

对18～24月龄鄱阳湖、峡江和信丰山地3个江西地方品种水牛各3头,进行肉用性能和牛肉主要营养养分的测定分析。结果表明,水牛肌肉肉色符合标准,且无PSE肉、DFD肉产生,符合优质肉牛标准;鄱阳湖水牛的胴体重、净肉重、胴体产肉率、Fe含量、Zn含量较高,显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）;鄱阳湖水牛18种氨基酸含量除酪氨酸外均高于其它2个地方品种,其中天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸及胱氨酸含量显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）,鲜味氨基酸、甜鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）;牛肉脂肪酸中花生酸含量在品种间存在显著差异（P<0.05）,而其它各种脂肪酸含量、硬脂肪酸总含量和不饱和脂肪总含量在品种间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。