混合圩区排涝布局优化研究

随着我国城市化进展加快,一些传统的农业圩区逐渐转型为半城区半农业的混合圩区,区内人口密集,经济发达,圩区排涝计算对保障人民生命安全,减少受涝损失有着重要意义。以往排涝分析只着重于排涝模数,排涝动力的计算,很少考虑对排涝动力的配置计算。采用回归分析法确定河道平均洪水位与泵站排涝能力线性函数关系,并运用最优化法最终确定排涝动力的布局。以广东肇庆大旺经济开发区为例,在确定排涝模数和排涝动力的基础上,通过分析计算,实现排涝动力的优化配置。     

云龙河三级水电站大坝下游消能区边坡稳定有限元分析

采用有限单元法研究云龙河三级水电站大坝下游消能区泄洪冲刷坑对边坡稳定性的影响.以开挖的方式模拟泄洪冲刷坑,分析冲刷坑对两岸边坡应力状态、变形状态及稳定性的影响;模拟了两组优势节理,分别研究了岩块和两组节理的点安全度及屈服区分布;采用遗传算法搜索了可能最危险滑动面;阐述了评价大坝下游消能区泄洪冲刷坑对边坡稳定性不利影响的方法.     

基于层次分析法的节水型社会评价研究

以郑州市为例,根据实际情况,建立了节水型社会定量评价指标体系,采用层次分析方法对建立的评价指标体系做了评价,计算得出,2010年将初步建立节水型社会,2020年将全面建成与小康社会相适应的节水型社会.     

农机监理执法困境及应对措施

农机监理执法是确保农机安全生产的必要手段,但在实际执法过程中常常会遇到一些困境,如责、权不一,农民法制观念淡薄等,所以需要强化农机监理执法人员素质,提高执法水平,加大宣传力度,提高农民的法律意识和法制观念。     

把握构建社会主义和谐社会的着力点

党的十六届六中全会以来,构建社会主义和谐社会已成为我们党的一项重要的战略任务。准确把握构建社会主义和谐社会的重大意义和科学内涵,正确认识构建社会主义和谐社会所面临的挑战,是把握构建社会主义和谐社会着力点的关键。     

黑龙江茴鱼(Thymallus arcticus grubei Dybowski)精子活力的观察

用BSS和水两种激活剂对黑龙江茴鱼精子活力进行测定,并在4℃和14℃(室温)条件下,对精原液和用ASP稀释的精液分别进行保存试验.试验结果显示,用BSS和水均可激活黑龙江茴鱼精子,其精子活率分别可达100%和98%.14℃条件下,用BSS激活黑龙江茴鱼精子平均寿命为72.1s,A级(快速)运动时间平均为14.1s;用水激活精子平均寿命为67.2s,A级运动时间平均为12.5s.不同温度保存的精子寿命和快速运动时间也有显著差异:精原液4℃保存2h后精子失去A级运动,其激活率在70%以上,保存6h后激活率小于20%;精原液14℃保存1.5h后精子失去A级运动,其激活率大于70%,4h后激活率小于20%.经ASP(pH分别为7.0、7.8、8.0、8.5、9.0)稀释的精液,在4℃和14℃条件下,BSS和water对精子的激活率均小于20%,且精子均呈现C、D级运动,1.5h后各保存组激活率为0.试验结果表明,BSS对黑龙江茴鱼的精子有良好的激活效果;精原液4℃保存效果好于14℃,在4℃保存条件下2h以内使用,可以得到理想的结果;精液不宜用ASP稀释保存.     

长江流域铜鱼和圆口铜鱼的遗传多样性

利用线粒体DNA控制区序列多态性分析了长江流域铜鱼（Coreius heterodon）和圆口铜鱼（Coreius guichenoti）各4个群体的遗传结构;同时利用9对自行开发的多态性微卫星标记分析圆口铜鱼4个群体的遗传结构。结果显示,铜鱼线粒体DNA（mtDNA）D-loop序列共检出22个多态位点,28种单倍型,平均单倍型多样性指数（h）和核苷酸多样性指数（7r）分别为0．849和0．00257。圆口铜鱼线粒体DNA（mtDNA）D-loop序列共检出18个多态位点,28种单倍型,平均单倍型多样性指数和核苷酸多样性指数分别为0．902和0．00424。分子变异分析（AMOVA）结果提示,铜鱼和圆口铜鱼分别有98．80％和99．17％的遗传变异发生于群体内部,表明铜鱼和圆口铜鱼未出现种群分化。选用的9个微卫星标记在圆口铜鱼群体中共检测到48个等位基因;群体平均观测杂合度在0．631～0．753之间;平均期望杂合度为0．598-0．728：平均多态信息含量为0．548～0．670。结果表明,长江流域铜鱼遗传多样性较低,长江上游圆口铜鱼遗传多样性较高,且均未出现种群遗传分化。圆口铜鱼SSR固定指数为0．12l58,高于D．1oop固定指数,显示SSR标记对圆口铜鱼群体间遗传差异的检测更为灵敏。[中国水产科学,2008,15（3）：377-385]     

军曹鱼黏膜免疫组织发育的形态学研究

运用组织学及组织化学的染色方法,对出膜后第l-44天（days post-hatch,dph）的军曹鱼（Rachycentron canadum）黏膜免疫组织的发育过程进行研究。结果显示,白细胞在黏膜免疫组织出现的时间顺序由早到晚依次为鳃、皮肤、胃、肠,同大量抗原接触鱼体组织时白细胞出现的时间顺序相符。军曹鱼胃固有层中丰富的白细胞说明胃可能在黏膜免疫中发挥着很大的作用。黏液细胞最早出现在胃;其后是皮肤和肠道;鳃最晚。在胃肠、皮肤内的黏液细胞几天后就可分泌中性至酸性黏液物质,且分泌量随鱼体分发育而增多,但在鳃组织内,黏液的分泌早于黏液细胞的出现。在采样的时间段里,黏膜免疫组织未发现浆细胞,可能是由于B细胞还没有发育成熟并具备免疫功能。从白细胞在军曹鱼黏膜组织内发育及分布的状况,可见黏膜组织具有完成免疫应答的细胞基础。     

Effect of dietary supplemental l‐carnitine on growth performance,body composition and antioxidant status in juvenile black sea bream,Sparus macrocephalus

Effects of dietary l ‐carnitine were studied in juvenile black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus). The semipurified basal diet [crude protein 450 g kg^?1 dry matter (DM); crude lipid 126 g kg^?1 DM] was formulated to choose white fishmeal as the protein source and fish oil plus corn oil (1 : 1) as the lipid source. Six diets (control + diets 1–5) containing 0.1, 0.12, 0.16, 0.24, 0.39 and 1.1 g of l ‐carnitine kg^?1 diet were fed to triplicate groups of black sea bream (initial weight 13.10 ± 0.05 g) for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance, body composition and antioxidant status were determined. The results showed that relative growth rate (RGR) was significantly improved by the elevation of dietary l ‐carnitine level from 0.1 to 0.24 g kg^?1, but decreased with further increment (P < 0.05). Lipid content decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the dorsal muscle whereas increased (P < 0.05) in the liver with the addition of dietary l ‐carnitine. Dietary l ‐carnitine supplements elevated enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione‐S‐transferase, GST) activities (P < 0.05) yet decreased the content of non‐enzymatic factor, total sulphydryl groups (TSH) (P < 0.05). In summary, the optimum dietary l ‐carnitine level was 0.284 g kg^?1 diet by second‐polynomial regression analysis based on RGR (y = ?647.4x² +367.97x + 234.55; R² = 0.977, x = dietary l ‐carnitine levels, y = RGR), and dietary l ‐carnitine addition within the levels adopted in our study could depress lipid peroxidation in tissues of juvenile black sea bream.     

Optimal dietary lipid level for large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae

A 30‐day feeding experiment was conducted in blue tanks (70 × 50 × 60 cm, water volume 180 L) to determine the effects of dietary lipid levels on the survival, growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae (12 days after hatchery, with initial average weight 1.93 ± 0.11 mg). Five practical microdiets, containing 83 g kg^?1 (Diet 1), 126 g kg^?1 (Diet 2), 164 g kg^?1 (Diet 3), 204 g kg^?1 (Diet 4) and 248 g kg^?1 lipid (Diet 5), were formulated. Live feeds (Artemia sinicia nauplii and live copepods) were used as the control diet (Diet 6). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of tanks, and each tank was stocked with 3500 larvae. During the experiment, water temperature was maintained at 23(±1) °C, pH 8.0 (±0.2) and salinity 25 (±2) g L^?1. The results showed that dietary lipid significantly influenced the survival and growth of large yellow croaker larvae. Survival increased with the increase of dietary lipid from 83 to 164 g kg^?1, and then decreased. The survival of larvae fed the diet with 83 g kg^?1 lipid (16.1%) was significantly lower than that of larvae fed other diets. However, the survival in larvae fed the diet with 16.4 g kg^?1 lipid was the highest compared with other artificial microdiets. Specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid level from 83 to 164 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05), and then decreased. The SGR in larvae fed the diet with 164 g kg^?1 lipid (10.0% per day) was comparable with 204 g kg^?1 lipid (9.6% per day), but were significantly higher than other microdiets (P < 0.05). On the basis of survival and SGR, the optimum dietary lipid level was estimated to be 172 and 177 g kg^?1 of diet using second‐order polynomial regression analysis respectively.