Whistle signal variations among three Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin populations in the South China Sea: a combined effect of the Qiongzhou Strait's geographical barrier function and local ambient noise?

Geographic variations in the dolphin whistles could be useful in assessing association and isolation among populations. Whistle of free-ranging Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) among the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), Leizhou Bei (LZB) and Sanniang Bay (SNB) populations were investigated. A total of 2850 whistles with legible fundamental contour were extracted and 15 acoustic parameters were measured. Contrary to SNB, PRE and LZB had the same relative proportion of tonal type compositions with flat and sine representing the most frequent types. The generalized linear model analysis showed significant acoustic difference among populations and tonal types. All frequency parameters in SNB were significantly higher than those in PRE and LZB, where no significant variation was observed in most of the parameters either at the population level or within each tonal type. Canonical discriminant functions analysis showed a smaller difference between PRE and LZB than between PRE and SNB and between LZB and SNB. Compared with previous recordings, recent recordings demonstrated a consistent pattern of becoming higher in whistle frequency parameters in both LZB and SNB populations, suggesting that noise pollution in LZB and SNB increasing with time according to the acoustic niche hypothesis. Dolphin whistle's geographic variations could be shaped by the combined function of the geographical barrier function of the Qiongzhou strait and local ambient noise. Considering the isolated condition and the relatively smaller population size of the humpback dolphin in the SNB, more effective and proactive conservation actions should be taken to prevent the extinction of small populations.     

针灸对脾虚犬体重及部分血清指标的影响

通过注射利血平复制犬脾虚证动物模型,观察犬临床体征、体重及部分血清指标变化情况,并研究针灸对脾虚犬体重及血清指标的影响。结果显示,实验犬出现脾虚证后,其体重显著低于空白对照组（P〈0.05）,血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）活性与丙二醛（MDA）含量均显著增高（P〈0.05）;血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著降低（P〈0.05）。经针灸治疗后,实验组犬各项指标均得到明显改善,与阳性对照组比较呈显著性差异（P〈0.05）。试验结果表明,皮下注射利血平复制犬脾虚证动物模型后,选用一定穴位进行针灸,对治疗犬脾虚证有明显疗效。     

Study of Semen Cryopreservation for Banna Mini-pig Inbred Line

In this study, different concentrations of glycerol were added to semen cryoprotective extenders of Banna Mini-pig inbred line (BMI), different thawing solutions and thawing methods were studied. After thawing, the motility, the rates of plasma integrity and acrosome integrity were compared to optimize the cryopreservation method of BMI semen. The results showed that the motility, the rates of plasma integrity and acrosome integrity were significantly higher in 2% and 3% glycerol groups than those in 1%, 4% and 5% glycerol groups (P<0.05);The motility, the rates of plasma integrity and acrosome integrity were significantly higher in thawing solution Ⅰ than those in thawing solution Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.05); Through comparing the motility, the rates of plasma integrity and acrosome integrity, the thawing effect in 40℃ 6 s and 50℃ 6 s groups were better than that in 38℃ 30 s (P<0.05). In conclusion, the optimal semen cryoprotective method for BMI was 2% or 3% glycerol as cryoprotectant, using thawing solution Ⅰ to thaw at 40℃ 6 s or 50℃ 6 s.     

北京市蔬菜标准化基地发展情况及对策

为深入了解北京市蔬菜标准化生产现状,从基本概况、标准化运行、农业标准化认知、生产效益、动机及发展等5个方面调研了北京市28家蔬菜标准化基地,发现北京市蔬菜标准化生产存在土地成本高、生产效率低、后续动能不足等突出问题。对此,从稳定数量和提升质量,提升效益和激发动能等两方面提出增加优级标准化基地比例、提高绿色有机蔬菜生产能力、提升品牌附加值、拓展蔬菜产业多功能性、发展外埠基地或构建产销联盟等5条建议,以便为北京市蔬菜产业可持续发展和农业标准化提供参考。     

适宜直播栽培的茎瘤芥品种筛选试验

摘要：为筛选适宜直播栽培的茎瘤芥（榨菜）品种,为茎瘤芥直播栽培提供参考,选用生产上主推的4个茎瘤芥品种为试验材料,比较直播条件下植株性状、产量及其主要性状的差异。结果表明：直播条件下,与对照品种“永安小叶”相比,“渝直80”“涪优928”“渝早圆100天”的株高、净菜率、空心率及白空率均无显著差异,而开展度、单株瘤茎质量、单株叶片质量、菜形指数、瘤茎产量、黄空率差异达显著或极显著水平,综合分析得出“渝早圆100天”是适宜直播的茎瘤芥品种,其株高、开展度分别为43.6、61.9 cm,单株瘤茎质量为499 g,叶片少,单株叶片质量仅346.3 g,菜形指数好,为1.22,净菜率高,为94.66%,空心率低,为8.33%,黄空发生少,瘤茎667 m2产量达到2 631.94 kg。     

不同复合酶对烟梗化学成分和感官评吸的影响

研究了不同复合酶处理对烟梗化学成分和感官评吸的影响,结果表明:不同复合酶处理后,烟梗的化学成分含量以及相互间的协调性指标均有改善;0.01%的复合酶A处理后烟梗的化学成分含量以及相互间的协调性综合表现最好,感官评吸质量明显提高。     

膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花盐离子、养分吸收及干物质分配的影响

【目的】探索南疆地区膜下咸水滴灌条件下水肥盐调控管理模式。【方法】设置不同淡咸水混合比例(1∶0、4∶1和2∶3)和不同施氮量(400、300 kg/hm²和200 kg/hm²)组合方案,其中淡咸水混合比例1∶0、施氮量300 kg/hm²为对照,研究了膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花盐离子、养分吸收及干物质分配的影响。【结果】随着灌溉水矿化度的增大,棉株体内盐离子(Na⁺、Cl^-与Ca²⁺)量呈增加趋势,其中Na⁺与Cl^-量显著增加;吸收的盐离子主要积累在茎和叶,在叶中积累量最高。灌溉水矿化度的增大对棉株N、P和K量及积累量均呈降低趋势。增施氮肥可以有效促进根系干物质的积累和植株对养分与盐离子的吸收,植株体内N和K量显著性增加,有效促进了棉花的生长;同时,增施氮肥也促进了棉株对Na⁺与Cl^-的吸收,淡咸比例4∶1混合灌溉(微咸水)茎和叶中适量的Na⁺     

石蒜小孢子发生与雄配子体形成

报道了石蒜(Lycoris radiataHerb.)小孢子和雄配子体的发生发育。花药由4个花粉囊组成,花粉囊壁包括表皮、药室内壁、中层与绒毡层。小孢子母细胞减数分裂后胞质分裂为连续型。小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程存在滞后染色体、染色体桥、染色体片段和微核等现象。成熟花粉粒具有二核、三核和营养细胞中存在二核等异常现象。减数分裂异常和绒毡层细胞延迟退化是导致花粉败育的主要因素。     

贵州茅台水源功能区植物群落的分类和排序

为给植被生态保护和植物群落后期的结构调整提供理论依据,选择贵州茅台水源功能区典型植物群落样方57个,采用TWINSPAN分类和DCA排序对茅台水源区植物群落分类、植物群落、物种与环境间的生态关系进行分析。结果表明:1)TWINSPAN分类将57个样方划分为11个群丛,并在样方DCA二维排序图上得到了很好的印证。2)群落样方DCA排序表明,土壤水分和坡向是贵州茅台水源功能区植物群落分布的主导因子。3)物种DCA排序表明,土壤水分和光照对植物分布起关键作用,排序轴对角线反映群落中物种在各群落类型中的替代关系。群落样方、物种DCA的排序结果揭示了物种的分布格局和群落的分布格局具有很大的相似性。     

黄土高原退耕还林试点地区现状调查与思考

退耕还林是实现西部生态环境重建的重要举措。在退耕还林试点地区进行的现状调查和研究对退耕还林工作的进一步开展具有重要意义。通过对陕西省吴旗县和安塞县的实地调查，就黄土高原试点地区取得的成绩及存在的问题进行了分析和探讨，并提出相关建议。