苜蓿种质资源遗传关系的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记技术研究了来自国内外的30份苜蓿(Medicago L.)材料的遗传多样性,为其遗传改良和分子标记辅助育种提供依据.结果表明:10个ISSR引物共扩增出112条带,其中59条带是多态性谱带,多态性比率平均值为74.5％,平均每个引物扩增出11.2条带.用POPEGENE 32软件分析多态性指数和有效等位基因数的平均值分别为0.3727和1.4280,遗传多样性水平较高.利用扩增结果进行遗传距离分析,构建了分子树状图,可以把30份材料划分为3个类群,第1类包括准格尔、敖汉、肇东等19份种质材料;金达苜蓿单独划分为1类;第3类包括和平、德宝等10份种质材料.     

Evaluating the impact of excess dietary tryptophan on laying performance and immune function of laying hens reared under hot and humid summer conditions

1. Tryptophan (Trp), besides its role as an essential amino acid in protein synthesis, may also have other important effects on laying hens under summer conditions.

2. Babcock Brown layers (n?=?768), 40 weeks of age, were allocated to 4 treatment groups, each of which included 6 replicates of 32 hens. Each group received the same basal diet, formulated with maize and soybean meal, for 8 weeks. Hens were fed on the basal diet with 0·0, 0·2, 0·4, and 0·8?g/kg L-Trp to achieve dietary concentrations of 1·7, 1·9?g/kg, 2·1?g/kg or 2·5?g/kg of Trp, respectively.

3. Supplementing L-Trp had no affect on laying performance. Adding 0·2 or 0·4?g/kg L-Trp improved egg shell strength compared with those fed on the control diet. Serum albumin concentration increased at 0·4?g/kg compared with those receiving 0·0 or 0·8?g/kg Trp. The addition of Trp at 0·4?g/kg increased serum IgM concentration quadratically. Serum superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) increased linearly and quadratically at 0·4?g/kg.

4. In conclusion, we suggest that 0·2 to 0·4?g/kg Trp may have beneficial effects on laying hens under conditions of high temperature and humidity.     

实行动物检疫证明网络机打出证，提升动物卫生监督信息化管理水平

动物检疫证明网络机打出证系统是在我市畜牧业快速发展,出栏动物大幅增加,动物卫生检疫监督管理相对置后的情况下,为了提高动物检疫监督管理水平,更好地履行动物卫生监管职责,通过多方研究探索实践开发出来的。实施动物检疫证明网络机打出证,解决了很多以前无法解决的问题,弥补了手工出证的不足,实现了规范出证、便捷高效、网络查询、安全追溯、有效防伪、准确统计。为动物卫生及动物产品安全监管提供强有力的支撑平台和工作手段,加     

8个微卫星座位在海北金银滩藏羊群体中的多态性分析

研究旨在分析金银滩藏羊的微卫星DNA多态性,以期了解该品种的遗传多样性,为该品种的保种选育和品质的进一步提高提供有益资料。利用8对微卫星引物,以金银滩藏羊为研究对象,通过计算基因频率、多态性信息含量、有效等位基因数和杂合度,评估其品种内的遗传变异。结果表明：在8个微卫星座位中,共检测到83个等位基因,每个座位平均10.38个等位基因;平均杂合度0.893;平均有效等位基因数9.06;平均多态性信息含量0.871。结果提示,金银滩藏羊群体存在丰富的遗传多样性,所选微卫星标记可用于绵羊遗传多样性评估。     

Initial sequence characterization of the rhabdoviruses of squamate reptiles, including a novel rhabdovirus from a caiman lizard (Dracaena guianensis)

Rhabdoviruses infect a variety of hosts, including non-avian reptiles. Consensus PCR techniques were used to obtain partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene sequence from five rhabdoviruses of South American lizards; Marco, Chaco, Timbo, Sena Madureira, and a rhabdovirus from a caiman lizard (Dracaena guianensis). The caiman lizard rhabdovirus formed inclusions in erythrocytes, which may be a route for infecting hematophagous insects. This is the first information on behavior of a rhabdovirus in squamates. We also obtained sequence from two rhabdoviruses of Australian lizards, confirming previous Charleville virus sequence and finding that, unlike a previous sequence report but in agreement with serologic reports, Almpiwar virus is clearly distinct from Charleville virus. Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis revealed that most known rhabdoviruses of squamates cluster in the Almpiwar subgroup. The exception is Marco virus, which is found in the Hart Park group.     

Survey of the effectiveness of stunning procedures used in Spanish pig abattoirs

Two pig abattoirs (A and B) equipped with an automated head-only and head-to-chest electrical stunning system, and two (C and D) equipped with a manual carbon dioxide stunning system, were evaluated to compare the effectiveness of stunning in a total of 10,454 pigs slaughtered under commercial conditions. In the abattoirs with the electrical stunning system, the percentage of animals that responded to a nose prick was significantly lower (P<0.05) in abattoir B, where a higher current intensity was used (P<0.05), than in abattoir A. No righting reflex was observed in the electrically stunned pigs. In the abattoirs with the carbon dioxide stunning system, the percentage of animals that responded to a nose prick and showed a righting reflex was significantly lower (P<0.05) in abattoir C, where the duration of the carbon dioxide cycle was longer and the interval between discharge from the system to sticking was shorter (P<0.05), than in D. Comparing the electrical and carbon dioxide stunning systems, the pigs stunned with carbon dioxide were significantly more responsive to a nose prick (P<0.05) and 25 per cent of them showed a righting reflex. Under the conditions of the study the fully automated head-only stunning with additional chest electrodes appeared to be more effective and less susceptible to incorrect handling than the manual carbon dioxide stunning system.     

Comparison of morphology, viability, and function between blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats

The morphological features of blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats were compared using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry in order to investigate the cytological changes of neutrophils after migration into the mammary gland. The kinetics of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generation and gelatinase release of blood and milk neutrophils, with or without stimulation of phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate ester (PMA), were used to characterize their responses to inflammatory stimuli. Neutrophils isolated from goat milk were highly segmented and contained multi-lobed nuclei. Ultrastructurally, milk neutrophils were more ruffled on the surface compared to blood neutrophils. Approximately 30% of milk neutrophils were undergoing cell death, either necrosis or apoptosis, in contrast to 8% of blood neutrophils. The ROI production of activated milk neutrophils peaked earlier than blood neutrophils, but the duration and the intensity were much less. Neutrophils from both sources augmented the release of gelatinase in response to PMA (1 ng/mL). However, the amount of gelatinase released from milk neutrophils was lower (P < 0.05) than that of blood neutrophils. In summary, more neutrophils become apoptotic and necrotic in the mammary gland, presumably due to spontaneous aging, the process of diapedesis, and the interaction with milk components. Milk neutrophils have impaired functionalities in comparison with blood neutrophils. The information is relevant when studying mammary gland immunity and related diseases, such as mastitis.     

乳源性生长因子对仔猪胃肠道生长发育的影响

猪初乳中含有多种生长因子,包括胰岛素样生长因子、胰岛素和表皮生长因子等。这些乳源性生长因子在促进新生仔猪胃肠道生长发育以及提高损伤黏膜修复等方面起着重要的调节作用。