2种头孢氨苄片在比格犬体内的药代动力学及生物等效性试验

【目的】研究头孢氨苄片受试制剂和参比制剂在比格犬体内的生物等效性。【方法】采用双周期和双序列交叉设计,将22只健康比格犬随机分成2组,按30 mg/kg BW分别单剂量口服头孢氨苄片受试制剂Trolevis~?300和参比制剂Rilexine~?300,于给药前(0 h)和给药后0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5、3、4、6、8、12、17和24 h从臂头静脉采血。对超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法进行特异性、线性、检测限、准确度、精密度、稳定性等方法学考察。利用建立好的UPLC-MS/MS方法测定血浆中的药物浓度,并用WinNonlin^TM 8.1软件对药代动力学参数进行分析计算。【结果】方法学结果显示,在100～5 000 ng/mL浓度范围内相关性良好,相关系数(R²)≥0.99,标准曲线方程为y=10.6828x-176.481;高、中、低3个浓度的相对回收率平均值分别为105.63%、104.35%和102.40%;日内和日间变异系数均<15%;检测限为50 ng/mL,定量限为100 ng/mL。药代动力学结果...     

《植物新品种保护条例》有关内容修改的探讨

文章探讨了《中华人民共和国植物新品种保护条例》需要修改的几个问题:扩大保护范围、扩大侵权行为的界定范围、调整品种权转让审批手续和提交有性繁殖材料的时间、增加对申请人故意造假行为的处罚条款等。     

馈能型悬架的工作原理与结构方案评价

为了回收汽车车轴与簧载质量间的振动能量,提出一种既可以改善汽车的行驶平顺性又可以回收振动能量的悬架,称之为馈能型悬架。研究了几种馈能装置的工作原理,利用模糊综合评价方法对馈能型悬架的结构方案进行了评价,结果显示静液式馈能型悬架以显著差异的优势成为最可行的馈能型悬架结构方案。     

对聚羟基丁酸酯球晶细观结构与力学行为试验研究

采用自构建的显微数字相关分析系统,并结合原子力显微镜、扫描电镜及材料力学性能测试设备,研究了晶态高聚物聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)的细观结构与力学性能。提出PHB球晶在正交偏振光场下形成的同心圆环,不是源于球晶径向晶片周期性扭曲所产生的消光现象,而是由于PHB球晶台阶式生长或螺旋式生长的新观点;用光弹性原理与试验技术对黑十字现象及球晶台阶式的生成进行了阐述;通过试验,发现了球晶结晶度、球晶尺寸对材料冲击强度、拉伸强度、硬度等力学性能影响的规律。     

山西晋南小地老虎越冬代成虫发生量与环境因子的关系

为了解掌握山西晋南各地小地老虎越冬代成虫发生量与海拔、气温、降雨等环境因子的关系,2015年进行了不同环境条件下小地老虎越冬代成虫性诱剂诱虫试验。结果表明:低海拔地区的成虫比高海拔地区始见期早,且发生量大;成虫始见期温度为5~6℃,活动的高峰期温度为11~19℃,终末期温度为25~28℃,低于5℃或者高于28℃成虫基本不活动或零星活动;在成虫主要集中活动的11~19℃范围内,不同区域成虫活动与温度变化差异显著,温度高时活动明显加剧,温度低时活动减弱;成虫的发生量随降雨量增加呈递减规律;从降雨前1日到降雨当日再到雨后1日也整体呈递减规律,但中雨前后3日,发生规律有所不同,呈"V"字形趋势;其中,小雨(或阵雨)当日及前1日、中雨前1日的平均单日诱虫量均大于无雨日的诱虫量。     

A dynamic model simulating infection of apple leaves by Venturia inaequalis

A new dynamic model of the infection of apple leaves by Venturia inaequalis is described. The model begins with the release of spores by rain and incorporates the effect of light on the discharge of ascospores from pseudothecia. The model then simulates infection through the sub-processes of germination, appressorium formation and penetration, separately for ascospores and conidia landed concurrently on wet leaves. The rate of the infection process is determined using different equations for ascospores and conidia. Spore mortality when leaves dry is determined by the stage of infection and RH in the dry period. The infection process is driven by surface wetness, temperature and RH. The progress of each infection period is measured as infection efficiency (IE), namely the percentage of landed spores which have penetrated and thereby infected leaves. The final IE quantifies the favourability of weather in each infection period. In orchard tests in each of three years, the new model detected crucial infection periods in spring and early summer which accounted for outbreaks of leaf scab. These periods were not detected by a static model based on Mills'criteria. The models performed similarly in detecting infection periods later in summer.     

马铃薯Y病毒云南昭通烟草分离物的检测及年度间差异比较

利用DAS-ELISA检测试剂盒检测昭通烟草脉斑病样品,结果表明存在马铃薯Y病毒O株系和马铃薯Y病毒N株系两个不同株系病毒。利用Sprimer和M4引物扩增、克隆、测序,得到长度为1 771 bp目的片段,该片段包含病毒的外壳蛋白基因序列、3′ UTR序列以及部分Nib基因序列;序列分析表明与湖南HN 2分离物（GenBank No. GQ200836）和美国NE 11分离物（GenBank No. DQ157180）核苷酸序列相似性均为98%,系统进化分析表明其具有较近的亲缘关系。     

Biological Control of Sclerotinia Diseases of Rapeseed by Aerial Applications of the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans

Indoor and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of applying the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans to the aerial parts of rapeseed plants at the flowering stage to control sclerotinia diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Under controlled conditions, a petal inoculation technique was used to determine the effect of conidial suspensions of C. minitans on suppression of sclerotinia leaf blight. Results showed that C. minitans was effective in inhibiting infection initiated by ascospores of S. sclerotiorum on flower petals by restricting mycelial growth of the pathogen. Suppression of lesion development was related to the conidial concentration of C. minitans, with larger lesions at low concentration (5×10³conidia ml⁻¹), but smaller lesions at high concentration (5×10⁴ conidia ml⁻¹ or higher). When C. minitans-treated rapeseed leaves were inoculated with mycelia of S. sclerotiorum, C. minitans failed to prevent infection of leaves, but caused a significant reduction in number of sclerotia produced on the diseased leaves. No significant difference in efficacy was detected between the two isolates of C. minitans, LRC 2137 and Chy-1, on the two rapeseed cultivars, Westar (spring type) and Zhongyou 821 (winter type). Results of field trials showed a significant reduction of stem rot of rapeseed in four (1997, 1999, 2003 and 2004) out of five years by aerial application of C. minitans, compared with controls. No significant difference in suppressive efficacy was observed between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + benomyl (50 μg ml⁻¹) and benomyl (100 μg ml⁻¹) in 2003, and between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + vinclozolin (100 μg ml⁻¹) and vinclozolin (500 μg ml⁻¹) in 2004. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum collected from diseased plants in plots treated with C. minitans in 1999, 2000 and 2003, or with C. minitans + benomyl in 2003 were infected by C. minitans at frequencies ranging from 21.3 to 54.5%. This study concludes that aerial spraying of C. minitans is an effective method for controlling sclerotinia diseases of rapeseed.