白菜抗小菜蛾网室鉴定和离体鉴定方法比较

以8份白菜自交系材料为试材,分别利用网室鉴定和离体鉴定两种方法进行抗虫性鉴定。结果表明,两种鉴定方法的结果基本一致,材料间对小菜蛾抗性均表现极显著差异;在网室鉴定和离体鉴定中,599-3-7均表现高抗,519-3-3均表现中抗,而114-4-4和116-4-4都表现高感,部分材料的表现稍有差异;两种鉴定方法的相关系数为0.96,达到极显著水平;离体鉴定和网室鉴定相结合,能准确、全面地研究植物对小菜蛾的抗性及抗虫机理。     

扁穗牛鞭草种质遗传多样性的ISSR分析

用ISSR标记对来自中国西南地区(四川、重庆、贵州)的28份扁穗牛鞭草材料的遗传多样性进行了检测。从96个ISSR引物中共筛选出13个多态性明显、反应稳定的引物。28份材料的DNA共扩增出129条谱带,平均每个引物扩增出9.9条带,多态性条带比率达84.2%。材料间遗传相似系数为0.466~0.980,表现出丰富的遗传多样性。通过聚类分析和主成分分析,将28份扁穗牛鞭草分为两大类,同一地区的扁穗牛鞭草品种(系)基本聚在同一类,呈现出一定的地域性分布规律。     

Protocol: a highly sensitive RT-PCR method for detection and quantification of microRNAs

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs with a critical role in development and environmental responses. Efficient and reliable detection of miRNAs is an essential step towards understanding their roles in specific cells and tissues. However, gel-based assays currently used to detect miRNAs are very limited in terms of throughput, sensitivity and specificity. Here we provide protocols for detection and quantification of miRNAs by RT-PCR. We describe an end-point and real-time looped RT-PCR procedure and demonstrate detection of miRNAs from as little as 20 pg of plant tissue total RNA and from total RNA isolated from as little as 0.1 μl of phloem sap. In addition, we have developed an alternative real-time PCR assay that can further improve specificity when detecting low abundant miRNAs. Using this assay, we have demonstrated that miRNAs are differentially expressed in the phloem sap and the surrounding vascular tissue. This method enables fast, sensitive and specific miRNA expression profiling and is suitable for facilitation of high-throughput detection and quantification of miRNA expression.     

Aetiology of Rhizoctonia in sheath blight of maize in Sichuan

Rhizoctonia isolates obtained from maize grown in commercial fields in 33 representative counties (or cities) in Sichuan province in China were characterized according to colony morphology, hyphal anastomosis and pathogenicity. Of 141 isolates, 116 were identified as R. solani , 23 as R. zeae and two as binucleate Rhizoctonia . The isolates of R. solani were assigned to four anastomosis groups (AG): AG-1-IA (101 isolates, accounting for 71.6% of the total), AG-1-IB (2, 1.4%), AG-4 (9, 6.4%) and AG-5 (4, 2.8%). The two isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia belonged to AG-K. On maize, isolates of AG-1-IA caused typical sheath blight symptoms. Lesions produced by isolates of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were darker than those of AG-1-IA. Rhizoctonia zeae usually caused discontinuous lesions with a dark brown margin and a brown centre on the leaf sheaths, as well as ear rot. Isolates of AG-1-IA were the most virulent to maize, with an average lesion length of approximately 15 cm. Isolates of R. zeae produced lesions approximately 12 cm long, while those of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were progressively shorter. On potato dextrose agar (PDA; pH 6.4), the minimum temperature for mycelial growth of R. zeae isolates was 14–18°C, the maximum 38–40°C and optimum 30°C. Isolates of R. zeae did not grow on PDA (28°C) at pH 2.0, the optimum for growth being pH 6.4.     

中国主栽双孢蘑菇菌株的DNA多态性

本文以中国双孢蘑菇不同主栽产区的9个具代表性的双孢蘑菇菌株为材料,用20个随机引物对其进行RAPD分析。结果表明,20个随机引物中,有15个随机引物的扩增产物DNA片段表现出明显的多态性,其中每个引物对不同菌株扩增出的DNA片段数目各不相同,而且不同引物扩增出的DNA带谱也不同,差异较大。这15个引物对供试菌株总共扩增出168条DNA片段,其中最大的片段可达6.77kb,最小的DNA片段仪有0.31kb。同时,比较了供试菌株两两间的遗传相似性,发现它们之间的变化不大,其相似系数从0.6891到1.0000,而平均相似系数仅为0.8500,表明供试菌株之间的亲缘关系较近,遗传变异不丰富。另外,采用系统聚类法中的类平均法,对供试菌株相似系数两两间进行聚类分析并生成树状图谱,直观准确地揭示了它们之间的差异。当相似系数为77％时,所有供试菌株都被聚为一大类,说明我国主栽双孢蘑菇菌株的遗传基础较狭窄,可能来源于同一品系,这为进一步开展双孢蘑菇菌种的遗传改良提供了理论依据。     

不同培养基对香菇菌丝体酯酶同工酶的影响

本文应用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,对在不同培养基上生长的香菇菌丝体进行酯酶同工酶分析。结果表明,不同培养基会导致香菇菌丝体酯酶同工酶酶谱产生差异。     

淹水、干旱条件下北空越桔生理反应的研究

采用盆栽试验,研究了'北空'越桔在连续淹水、干旱条件下的生理反应。结果表明,在淹水和干旱条件下,越桔叶片的光合强度、叶绿素含量（Chla、Chlb、Chla＋b、Chla／Chlb）、光量子通量密度降低,而呼吸强度、气孔导度、蒸腾速率升高,随逆境时间加长,变化幅度增大。     

密植桃园的主干形修剪栽培试验

连续五年密植桃园的主干形修剪试验表明：主干形修剪技术用于密植栽培桃树早结果早丰产效果显著。‘春花’成苗定植后第二年产量达1300kg·666．7m-2,第三年为1500kg·666．7m-2,第四年为2250kg·666,7m-2,第五年为1750kg·666．7m-2;‘湖景蜜露’定植后第二年和第三年产量为1021kg·666．7m-2和1019kg·666．7m-2;‘锦绣’定植后第二年产量为120km·666．7m-2,第三年为1204km·666．7m-2,第四年为1876km·666．7m-2;‘沪463’定植后第三年产量为47．5kg·666．7m-2,第四年为2125kg·666．7m-2。主干形修剪夏季摘心可促进早期副梢的萌发,利用副梢坐果,均衡树势。主干形修剪对桃果实的品质有一定的影响,使果实相对变小,单果重减轻,要注意疏花疏果,加强肥水管理。