抽样技术在森林生物量调查中的应用综述

森林生物量是反映生态系统结构和功能特征的重要指标,也是研究森林生态系统中能量流动与物质循环的基础依据。在满足精度与可靠性的条件下,通过改进样本抽取方法及辅助历史资料,减少抽取样本单元和使样本单元集中是生物量调查要研究的重要问题。生物量空间分布格局是影响调查精度的重要因素,抽样技术是影响调查效率的关键因素,传统等概率抽样在满足规定的精度与可靠性前提下确定的样本单元数仍较多且分散,运用于生物量调查存在局限性。研究适应性抽样技术能基于森林生物量的空间分布格局进行不等概率抽样,能有效提高调查效率,满足不同区域尺度和空间分布特点的生物量估测的实际需要。     

利用盆栽植物来净化室内新地板所释放甲醛的研究

今天甲醛已成为我国室内环境的主要污染物,而本研究的主要目的是利用盆栽植物来净化室内新地板所释放于空气中超标的甲醛。利用两个体积同为40 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm 的透明硬塑料密封箱来模拟室内环境,其中一个箱内分别放入两种常见的室内观赏盆栽植物（绿叶吊兰 Chlorophytum comosum 和 绿萝 Scindapsus aureus) 以及从市面上新购的复合木地板; 另一个箱只放入木地板作为空白对照箱。再利用甲醛检测仪监控两个箱内以及箱外甲醛浓度随时间的变化,从而评价该植物对新木地板所释放出甲醛的净化能力。实验结果表明,两种室内盆栽植物都有良好净化甲醛能力。它们分别在11 – 13 h 后,便能完全净化复合木地板所释放出的甲醛,净化甲醛效率是0.075 – 0.108 mg/m3.h, 而且发现绿萝比绿叶吊兰具有更好的净化甲醛效率。     

森林生态系统研究进展

本文着重介绍近年来国外森林生态系统研究的动态和进展。对生物量积累及净生产量和它们的分配、生态系统的营养循环、生态系统的发育和演替三个主要方面的研究动态作了较详细的叙述。     

磷化氢熏杀其抗性害虫实仓试验

用磷化铝片对储藏在房式仓（仓容５１６ｍ３）中的４００ｔ散装小麦进行熏蒸。储 不小麦水分为１１．５％,储藏平均温度为２９．３℃,小麦用ＰＶＣ（厚度０．１２５ｍｍ）复盖。熏 蒸期间用磷化氢检测管测定ＰＨ3浓度。采用１．０３ｋｇ磷化铝片（可释放０．３４ｋｇ磷化氢） 分成小包进行熏蒸,磷化氢最高值为 １． ０ｍｇ／Ｌ。熏蒸 １６天的 ＣＴ值为 ２１３ｍｇ· ｈ／Ｌ。用 敏感和抗性品系的米象和谷蠹进行生物试验表明．熏蒸１个月后所有的成虫都死亡;熏 蒸４２天所有中度抗性的谷蠹没有发现Ｆ１代成虫出现．米象的印和蛹不能发育为成虫。     

孝义核桃生产现状及生产机械化的思考

根据孝义市核桃生产发展情况及特点,分析了本地核桃生产机械化面临的机遇和问题,提出了发展核桃生产机械化的基本思路.     

Immuno-PCR for one step detection of H5N1 avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus using magnetic gold particles as carriers

Detecting avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at low concentrations from tracheal and cloacal swabs of avian influenza- and Newcastle disease-infected poultry was carried out using a highly sensitive immunological-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-PCR) method. Magnetic gold particles were pre-coated with a capture antibody, either a monoclonal anti-AIV/H5 or monoclonal anti-NDV/F and viruses serially diluted ten-fold from 10(2) to 10(-5)EID(50)/ml. A biotinylated detection antibody bound to the viral antigen was then linked via a streptavidin bridge to biotinylated reporter DNA. After extensive washing, reporter DNA was released by denaturation, transferred to PCR tubes, amplified, electrophoresed and visualized. An optimized immuno-PCR method was able to detect as little as 10(-4)EID(50)/ml AIV and NDV. To further evaluate the specificity and the clinical application of this IPCR assay for AIV H5N1 and NDV, the tracheal swab specimens, taken from chickens which were infected with H5N1/AIV, H9N2/AIV, H7N2/AIV, NDV, IBDV, IBV/H(120), were detected by IPCR. Our data demonstrated that this monoclonal antibody-based immuno-PCR method provides a platform capable of rapid screening of clinical samples for trace levels of AIV H5 and NDV in one step.     

Gut microbiota—a positive contributor in the process of intermittent fasting-mediated obesity control

Historically, intermittent fasting (IF) has been considered as an effective strategy for controlling the weight of athletes before competition. Along with excellent insight into its application in various spaces by numerous studies, increasing IF-mediated positive effects have been reported, including anti-aging, neuroprotection, especially obesity control. Recently, the gut microbiota has been considered as an essential manipulator for host energy metabolism and its structure has been reported to be sensitive to dietary structure and habits, indicating that there is a potential and strong association between IF and gut microbiota. In this paper, we focus on the crosstalk between these symbionts and energy metabolism during IF which hold the promise to optimize host energy metabolism at various physical positions, including adipose tissue, liver and intestines, and further improve milieu internal homeostasis. Moreover, this paper also discusses the positive function of a potential recommendatory strain (Akkermansia muciniphila) based on the observational data for IF-mediated alternated pattern of gut microbiota and a hopefully regulatory pathway (circadian rhythm) for gut microbiota in IF-involved improvement on host energy metabolism. Finally, this review addresses the limitation and perspective originating from these studies, such as the association with tissue-specific bio-clock and single strain research, which may continuously reveal novel viewpoints and mechanisms to understand the energy metabolism and develop new strategies for treating obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders.     

检疫性有害生物发生程度评估方法的建立

通过对检疫性有害生物的发生危害情况进行综合分析研究,揭示了一套检疫性病、虫、杂草的发生面积统计标准以及发生程度4级评估方法,并利用该方法制作了2000～2002年广西23种检疫性有害生物疫情发生情况图.     

滴头性能综合测试平台构建及其在水力特性研究中的应用

在对国内外滴头性能测试系统进行深入分析的基础上，构建了面向滴头性能研究的综合测试平台，并利用该系统对目前中国农业灌溉领域最为典型的8种迷宫式流道滴头水力性能进行了研究，结果表明：测试系统完全符合滴头流量-压力测试要求；升压、降压两种工作方式对滴头出流的有一定影响，但未达到显著水平；经典的流量-压力关系模型完全适合于1.5～15.0 m压力区间；从水力学角度来看，8种滴头能够满足微重力滴灌滴头的要求；滴头流量偏差系数在整个压力区间范围内都在一定数值附近，制造偏差是属于滴头本身的特性，并不随滴头进口压力的变化而变化，用流量偏差系数完全可以反映这种特性。     

‘丰香’草莓叶片高效再生体系的建立

 以草莓主栽品种丰香( Fragaria ×ananassa Duch ‘Toyonoka’) 叶片为外植体, 研究了影响组织培养的多个因素, 建立了高效再生体系。结果表明: MS + TDZ 1.5 mg·L ^{- 1} + IBA 0.4 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基最适于不定芽分化。不同滤光膜(绿膜、红膜、蓝膜、黄膜) 对草莓不定芽的分化具显著效应, 绿膜和红膜对芽的分化有明显促进作用, 不定芽再生率达95%以上, 平均每个外植体再生芽数在25个以上; 而蓝膜和黄膜则不利于芽的分化。不同滤光膜光谱差异主要集中在300～700 nm, 红、绿膜在该波段光强较弱,而黄、蓝膜和荧光灯较强。暗处理4周比1、2、3周更有利于提高叶片的不定芽再生率, 此后转到光下培养, 获得的不定芽再生率可达100%。