Malvastrum leaf curl Guangdong virus is a distinct monopartite begomovirus

Virus isolates GD6, GD7, GD8, GD9 and GD10 were obtained from Malvastrum coromandelianum showing leaf curl symptoms in Guangdong Province of China. A specific 500 bp product was consistently detected in total DNA extracts, amplified with universal primers specific for members of the genus Begomovirus. Analysis of their partial DNA sequences revealed that they are isolates of the same begomovirus species, sharing 92·8%–97·1% nucleotide sequence identity. The complete DNA sequences of both GD6 and GD9 were found to be 2767 nucleotides, with all the characteristic features of begomovirus genome organization. The two isolates have less than 85·2% nucleotide sequence identity with other reported begomoviruses. Consequently, GD6 and GD9 are considered to be isolates of a novel begomovirus species, for which the name Malvastrum leaf curl Guangdong virus (MLCuGdV) is proposed. Sequence analyses suggest that MLCuGdV may have arisen by recombination between viruses related to Papaya leaf curl China virus , Tomato leaf curl Philippines virus and other undiscovered virus ancestors. Neither the DNA-B component nor the DNAβ molecule associated with these begomovirus isolates was found. An infectious clone of GD6 was constructed. GD6 efficiently infected Nicotiana benthamiana , N. glutinosa and Petunia hybrida by agro-inoculation, and Malvastrum coromandelianum by whitefly transmission, inducing leaf curling, vein swelling and stunting symptoms. GD6 was also infectious in N. tabacum , but did not induce observable disease symptoms.     

甲霜灵·刺复配剂对棉疫病菌的联合毒力

在实验室条件下，测定了甲霜灵和霜霉威复配剂对棉疫病菌（Phytophthora boehmeriae）的联合毒力。结果表明，复配剂MPA、MPB、MPC对棉疫病菌的DC5。分别为0．0555,0．1044μg／mL和0．0845μg／mL，对照单剂甲霜灵和霜霉威对棉疫病菌的EC50分别为0．0391μg／mL和10．6183μg／mL；联合毒力分析表明，甲霜灵和霜霉威按1：1．5复配有增效作用，按1：1和1．5：1复配有相减作用。     

农药登记的生物学资料评审基本原则

本文概述了我国农药登记的基本程序,重点介绍了农药登记的生物学资料评审原则,包括审查依据、资料审查和技术审查,而技术审查中又包括有效性、安全性、抗性、风险性等。我国农药登记管理工作已逐步从传统评价工作向风险评估和预测评估方向过渡。在生物学资料评审中,在加强有效性和安全性审查的同时,更要加强抗性和风险性等方面的审查。如何能科学、合理、公正的评价和管理农药,是我国农业可持续发展的一个重要课题。     

犬类几种常见传染病诊断中基因芯片的应用

采用PCR技术扩增出犬腺病毒(CAV)ORF(P-VIII)基因、犬细小病毒(CPV)VP2基因、鸡血红蛋白的珠蛋白基因片断;采用RT-PCR扩增出犬冠病毒(CCV)纤突蛋白(S)基因、犬瘟热病毒(CDV)融合蛋白(F)基因、犬副流感病毒(CPIV)核衣壳结构蛋白(NP)基因、狂犬病病毒(RV)核蛋白(N)基因的各一段保守序列,纯化后点在硝酸纤维素膜上,制成基因芯片。通过RT-PCR将生物素标记到被检样品的核酸上,将已经标记的扩增产物与诊断基因芯片进行特异性的逆向点杂交,然后扫描仪对芯片进行扫描分析、判断。结果表明,此方法比病毒分离、HI、PCR方法灵敏度高、特异性强,平均检出率要高20%以上,并可同时对犬多种疫病进行快速诊断。     

Aetiology of Rhizoctonia in sheath blight of maize in Sichuan

Rhizoctonia isolates obtained from maize grown in commercial fields in 33 representative counties (or cities) in Sichuan province in China were characterized according to colony morphology, hyphal anastomosis and pathogenicity. Of 141 isolates, 116 were identified as R. solani , 23 as R. zeae and two as binucleate Rhizoctonia . The isolates of R. solani were assigned to four anastomosis groups (AG): AG-1-IA (101 isolates, accounting for 71.6% of the total), AG-1-IB (2, 1.4%), AG-4 (9, 6.4%) and AG-5 (4, 2.8%). The two isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia belonged to AG-K. On maize, isolates of AG-1-IA caused typical sheath blight symptoms. Lesions produced by isolates of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were darker than those of AG-1-IA. Rhizoctonia zeae usually caused discontinuous lesions with a dark brown margin and a brown centre on the leaf sheaths, as well as ear rot. Isolates of AG-1-IA were the most virulent to maize, with an average lesion length of approximately 15 cm. Isolates of R. zeae produced lesions approximately 12 cm long, while those of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were progressively shorter. On potato dextrose agar (PDA; pH 6.4), the minimum temperature for mycelial growth of R. zeae isolates was 14–18°C, the maximum 38–40°C and optimum 30°C. Isolates of R. zeae did not grow on PDA (28°C) at pH 2.0, the optimum for growth being pH 6.4.     

淹水、干旱条件下北空越桔生理反应的研究

采用盆栽试验,研究了'北空'越桔在连续淹水、干旱条件下的生理反应。结果表明,在淹水和干旱条件下,越桔叶片的光合强度、叶绿素含量（Chla、Chlb、Chla＋b、Chla／Chlb）、光量子通量密度降低,而呼吸强度、气孔导度、蒸腾速率升高,随逆境时间加长,变化幅度增大。     

密植桃园的主干形修剪栽培试验

连续五年密植桃园的主干形修剪试验表明：主干形修剪技术用于密植栽培桃树早结果早丰产效果显著。‘春花’成苗定植后第二年产量达1300kg·666．7m-2,第三年为1500kg·666．7m-2,第四年为2250kg·666,7m-2,第五年为1750kg·666．7m-2;‘湖景蜜露’定植后第二年和第三年产量为1021kg·666．7m-2和1019kg·666．7m-2;‘锦绣’定植后第二年产量为120km·666．7m-2,第三年为1204km·666．7m-2,第四年为1876km·666．7m-2;‘沪463’定植后第三年产量为47．5kg·666．7m-2,第四年为2125kg·666．7m-2。主干形修剪夏季摘心可促进早期副梢的萌发,利用副梢坐果,均衡树势。主干形修剪对桃果实的品质有一定的影响,使果实相对变小,单果重减轻,要注意疏花疏果,加强肥水管理。     

广东水稻品种抗性与稻瘟病菌生理小种变化动态的关系

１９９１￣１９９５年对广东稻瘟病菌生理小种及部分主栽品种抗性的研究结果表明,广东稻瘟病菌小种分布及发生动态相对稳定,优势种群为ＺＢ群,ＺＣ群;优势小种为ＺＢ１３、ＺＢ５、ＺＣ１３和ＺＢ１,不同生态稻区优势小种有差异。品种间具有不同的抗性水平,本省育成推广的主栽品种对稻瘟病属中等的抗性水平,个别品种抗性偏低,属于中感至感。粳籼８９等的抗病性逐年下降,这些主栽品种抗性丧失的主要原因,一方面是原有小种的     

喷克防治苹果主要病害应用技术

喷克（ｍａｎｃｏｚｅｂ）８０％可湿性粉剂６００倍,８００倍,１０００倍室内对苹果轮纹（Ｐｈｙｓａｌｏｓｐｏｒａｐｉｒｉｃｏｌａ）抑菌效果均达１００％,６００倍,００倍对苹果斑点落叶病菌（Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａｍａｌｉ）炭疽病菌（Ｇｌｏｍｅｒｅｌｌａｃｉｎｇｕｌａｔａ）亦具显著的抑制效果,人工接菌条件下,８００倍液防治苹果斑点落叶病的实际保护期主１０－１２ｄ,防治苹果轮纹病的有效保护期为８－１０ｄ。田     

腐霉利·百菌清复合烟剂的气相色谱分析

本文介绍选用５％ＸＥ－６０,１ｍ×３ｍｍ（ｉ．ｄ）玻璃柱,以正二十八碳烷为内标物,在１９５℃柱温下对腐霉利·百菌清烟剂中有效成分腐霉利和百菌清同时进行气相色谱分析。百菌清的标准偏差为０．１３６,变异系数为１．３０％,回收率为９９．２７％,线性相关系数为０．９９９９;腐霉利的标准偏差为０．０７０,变异系数为０．６２６％,回收率为９９．７８％,线性相关系数为０．９９９９。