美国扩大农产品出口的新战略分析

2010年初美国提出五年内使出口翻番、创造200万个就业机会的目标,并连同美国商务部推出"国家出口倡议"(National Export Initiative),农业出口是该倡议的重要组成部分.根据美国农业部在2010年3月5日提出的新战略中,美国将根据各国在农产品贸易连续体中的位置来分类,从而制定"量体裁衣"式策略,以便向不同国家增加出口.本文探讨了美国扩大农产品出口的背景,重点分析了2010年美国对世界各个市场所采取的市场新战略以及扩大农产品出口的战略措施,并为中国扩大农产品出口提出了几点启示及建议.     

Design and Experiment of Slave Computer Control System for Applying Variable-rate Liquid Fertilizer

In order to increase the applying rate of liquid fertilizer and reduce environmental pollution, a slave computer control system for applying variable-rate liquid fertilizer was designed. The system used SMC as core processor and electrically controlled pressure regulator as execution component. The characteristic equation of the system was obtained by using classical control theory. Results indicated that the characteristic equation met the requirements of routh-criterion, which indicated the working process of the system was stable. Performance of the slave computer was verified via bench tests. Results demonstrated that there was no significant influence on the response from interclass error. The fertilization error was less than 0.9, and the fertilization accuracy was larger than 97%. The liquid fertilizer emitted by the fertilizing devices had no significant difference in uniformity, which met the demands of the slave computer control system for applying variable-rate liquid fertilizer.     

汽车侧面碰撞中乘员约束系统的可靠性优化

在汽车侧面碰撞中，约束系统对降低乘员的伤害起到非常重要的作用.本文采用MADYMO仿真分析软件，建立某车型侧面碰撞的约束系统仿真模型；考虑了髋部推动块的压溃力、气囊起爆时间、气体质量流量和气袋排气孔面积对乘员损伤的影响，建立了乘员损伤指标的响应面模型；基于蒙特卡罗随机模拟，进行了侧面碰撞乘员约束系统的可靠性优化.结果表明，优化后的约束系统设计方案满足可靠性目标要求.     

Characterizing long-term forest disturbance history and its drivers in the Ning-Zhen Mountains,Jiangsu Province of eastern China using yearly Landsat observations (1987–2011)

Forest losses or gains have long been recognized as critical processes modulating the carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Timely, accurate and spatially explicit information on forest disturbance and recovery history is required for assessing the effectiveness of existing forest management. The major objectives of our research focused on testing the mapping efficacy of the vegetation change tracker (VCT) model over a forested area in China. We used a new version of VCT algorithm built upon the Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). The LTSS consisted of yearly image acquisitions to map forest disturbance history from 1987 to 2011 over the Ning-Zhen Mountains, Jiangsu Province of east China. The LTSS consisted of TM and ETM+ scenes with different projections due to distinct data sources (Beijing remote sensing ground station and the USGS EROS Center). The validation results of the disturbance year maps showed that most spatial agreement measures ranged from 70 to 86 %, comparable with the VCT accuracies reported for many places in USA. Very low accuracies were identified in 1995 (38.3 %) and 1992 (56.2 %) in the current analysis. These resulted from the insensitivity of the VCT algorithm to detect low intensity disturbances and also from the mis-registration errors of the image pairs. Major forest disturbance types existing in our study area were identified as agricultural expansion (39.8 %), urbanization (24.9 %), forest management practice (19.3 %), and mining (12.8 %). In general, there was a gradual decreasing trend in forest cover throughout this region, caused principally by China’s economic, demographic, environmental and political policies and decisions, as well as some weather events. While VCT has largely been used to assess long term changes and trends in the USA, it has great potential for assessing landscape level change elsewhere throughout the world.     

Effect of ammonia and nitrite on vigour,survival rate,moulting rate of the blue swimming crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Portunus pelagicus</Emphasis> zoea

The effects of ammonia and nitrite on vigour, survival rate, moulting rate of zoea of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, were studied. A total of five nitrite-N treatments (26.67, 53.34, 106.68, 213.36, 426.72 mg/l) and a control (no nitrite-N added) were set up for the acute nitrite-N toxicity experiment; a total of five ammonia-N treatments (8.43, 16.86, 33.72, 67.44, 134.88 mg/l) and a control (no ammonia-N added) were set up for the acute ammonia-N toxicity experiment. The results showed that the vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 53.34 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of nitrite-N were 179.47, 76.56, 66.70, 37.49, 25.01, 25.35, 25.34 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 16.86 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of ammonia-N were 51.04, 39.62, 38.72, 24.43, 16.90, 13.42, 11.16 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The zoeae are highly sensitive to ammonia and nitrite, and the toxicity of ammonia and nitrite on Portunus pelagicus decrease with development of this crab.     

二倍体栽培棉种草棉和亚洲棉的核型比较研究

以二倍体栽培棉种草棉(Gossypium herbaceumL.)3个品种和亚洲棉(G.arboreum L.)6个品种,以及1个亚洲棉与草棉种间杂种 F_1为材料,进行核型分析。结果表明,草棉和亚洲棉在核型上基本相似,其主要差异是草棉具有2对 st 染色体,而亚洲棉中没有;虽然2个棉种的核型类别都属于2A 型,但草棉的核型比亚洲棉更对称,属于较原始的类型。来     

“906”免疫增强剂对鸡新城疫H_I抗体效价的影响

实验观察了“９０６”免疫增强剂对鸡新城疫ＨＩ抗体效价的影响。结果表明，“９０６”免疫增强剂可显著提高鸡新城疫Ｉ系苗的免疫效果（Ｐ＜０．０５），而且在３０天内与油乳剂疫苗免疫具有相近的抗体水平（Ｐ＞０．０５）。