膨化菜籽对肉鸡生产性能及部分血液生化指标的影响

试验选用160只21日龄的艾维茵肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组4个重复(栏),每栏8只鸡,在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加不同水平膨化菜籽(2.0%、6.0%、10%和14%)。试验结果表明:(1)整个生长期膨化菜籽组与对照组相比,平均日增重、日采食量均有显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05),添加6.0%膨化菜籽组对肉鸡促生长效果最好;(2)膨化菜籽组与对照组相比,对肉鸡血清中白蛋白、尿素氮、碱性磷酸酶、总胆固醇和甘油三酯等生化指标没有显著性影响(P>0.05)。     

红芪、党参复方添加剂对肉仔鸡抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

试验选用180只1日龄AA肉公雏,采用单因子完全随机设计,分为3个处理,每处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组在基础日粮基础上添加5 mg/kg黄霉素,试验Ⅱ组在基础日粮基础上添加1%红芪党参复方添加剂。试验期为6周。旨在研究饲粮中添加红芪、党参复方添加剂对肉仔鸡抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加红芪、党参复方添加剂能显著提高肉仔鸡21日龄血浆和所有脏器以及42日龄血浆和心脏的超氧化物歧化酶活性(P<0.05);除42日龄肾脏外,红芪、党参复方能显著提高肉鸡前、后期血浆和所有脏器的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05);红芪党参添加组21、42日龄肉仔鸡T-淋巴细胞酸性α萘酯酶染色阳性率(ANAE+)显著提高(P≤0.018)。结果说明,红芪、党参复方添加剂能提高肉鸡的抗氧化能力和细胞免疫功能。     

Erythrocyte-replaced mouse model for Haemoparasite studies: comparison of NOD/shi-scid and C.B-17/Jcl-scid mouse upon acceptability of human erythrocytes

The erythrocyte-exchanged chimera mouse model has become to be a significant tool for studying animal and human (hu) protozoan haemoparasites, though the usefulness of this model varies depending primarily on the acceptability of xenogeneic red blood cells (RBC). To find a superior recipient in comparison with C.B-17/Jcl mouse with severe combined immuno-deficiency (scid) mutation, we examined in this report the non-obese diabetes (NOD)/shi-scid mouse, a recently available strain of SCID. When 2.5 x 10(8) of fluorescent dye-labeled hu-RBCs were transfused, C.B-17scid mouse eliminated them logarithmically by a simple linear regression, while NOD-scid mouse eradicated hu-RBCs by a unique two-step fashion, i.e., a potent but only briefly functioning RBC eradication followed by a weak steadily functioning step. The means of regression line constance +/- their standard deviations (SD) of 205 C.B-17scid and of 213 NOD-scid mice for their short- and long-lasting steps were -0.73 +/- 0.63, -0.53 +/- 0.25 and -0.16 +/- 0.10, respectively. Hu-RBC half-lives determined from these means of C.B-17scid mice and of NOD-scid mice for the short- and long-living steps were 3.6, 4.9 and 16.3 hr, respectively. Higher hu-RBC acceptability of NOD-scid mouse, especially at their long-lasting step, was also demonstrated under at an activated state of mouse innate immunity. Treatment with 1.0 mg heat-killed Candida cells caused an acceleration of hu-RBC elimination in both mouse strains but the magnitudes for the short- and long-living steps of NOD-scid mice evaluated by "stimulation index" were only 1/2.6 and 1/7.6 of C.B-17scid mice, respectively.     

家蚕GH18家族几丁质酶的系统进化和BmChi的时期表达分析

昆虫GH18家族几丁质酶主要参与昆虫蜕皮、细胞增殖和免疫等生理过程。为了系统开展家蚕GH18家族基因的研究,通过多物种几丁质酶的系统进化分析鉴定了8个家蚕GH18家族成员,并根据含有糖苷水解酶18(Glyco_18)催化结构域和几丁质结合结构域的不同将其分为6类,其中,各物种的CHT5具有典型几丁质酶结构。家蚕GH18家族成员中,BmChiR-1具有5个Glyco_18催化结构域和6个几丁质结合结构域,其它7个成员均只有1个Glyco_18催化结构域,BmCHT12还有1个ChitnaseA_N端结构域。8个家蚕GH18家族成员的基因分布在7条染色体上。通过半定量RT-PCR调查家蚕CHT5基因Bm-Chi在家蚕各发育时期的转录表达模式,该基因在蜕皮、化蛹、羽化等发育时期均有高水平表达,推测BmChi在蚕体旧表皮几丁质的降解过程中发挥重要作用。     

VC-2-三聚磷酸酯热稳定性的研究

实验分别在80、90、100、110、120℃和0.05、0.1、0.15MPa大气压下,通过紫外吸收法研究了VC-2-三聚磷酸酯的热稳定性。实验结果表明,VC-2-三聚磷酸酯的热稳定性随着温度的升高而降低,随着压强的升高而降低;同时在温度和压强不变的条件下随着时间的延长而降低,但保留率保持在90%以上。     

饲料霉变品质变化及其评价指标探讨

霉变是造成饲料和食品大量浪费的世界性危害．近年来，全球多发的自然灾害（如暴雨、洪涝灾害、干旱和霜冻），加上经济的全球化使谷物和饲料中霉菌和霉菌毒素的污染有加重的趋势。根据联合国粮农组织估算。全世界每年大约有5％～7％的粮食、饲料等农作物产品受霉菌污染．霉变所造成的粮食和饲料经济损失可达数千亿美元。我国一些地区，尤其是南方地区．饲料霉变问题相当严重。     

Identification of candidate markers on bovine chromosome 14 (BTA14) under milk production trait quantitative trait loci in Holstein

The objective of this study was to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms using a bovine chromosome 14 high-density SNP panel after accounting for the effect of DGAT1. Linkage disequilibrium information and sire heterozygosity were used to select markers for linkage analysis on bovine chromosome 14 for milk production traits in 321 Holstein animals. Results show putative milk peaks at 42 and 61 cM, both at p<0.10, a fat yield peak at 42 and 63 cM, both at p<0.05; a protein yield peak at 42 (p<0.01) and 84 cM (p<0.05); fat per cent peaks at 3 (p<0.01) and 29 cM (p<0.05), and a protein per cent peak at 4 cM (p<0.05). Once quantitative trait loci positions were established, allele substitution effects for all markers were evaluated using the same statistical model. Overlaying information between quantitative trait loci (QTL) and allele effect analysis enabled the identification (p<0.01) of 20 SNPs under the milk yield QTL, 2 under both of the fat yield peaks, 8 and 9 under the protein yield peaks, 2 and 6 for the fat per cent peaks and 5 for the protein per cent peak. One SNP in particular, ss61514555:A>C, showed association with 3 of the 5 traits: milk (p=1.59E-04), fat (p=6.88E-05) and protein yields (p=5.76E-05). Overall, combining information from linkage disequilibrium, sire heterozygosity and genetic knowledge of traits enabled the characterization of additional markers with significant associations with milk production traits.     

安全环保型蛋鸡饲料配方的筛选与应用

在优化出海兰灰蛋鸡氨基酸模型的基础上,确立了日粮低蛋白水平15%、14%的试验;集成和优化了蛋鸡安全环保型日粮的配方和添加剂组合(包括复合酶、植酸酶、益生素、果寡糖、除臭灵等),开发出了产蛋鸡安全环保1%预混合饲料,使用该环保添加剂,在生产性能不降低的前提下,可使蛋鸡粪便氮、磷排出量分别降低;同时蛋壳质量和鸡蛋品质得到改善。     

浅谈母猪低温不食症的原因与治疗

笔者在日常从事动物疾病诊治中经常碰到妊娠母猪低温不食症。本病是母猪低温症是一种因饲养管理不当,营养失调,体内产热不足或散热过多而引起母猪体温下降的一种临床综合症,患猪都表现为突然发病,体温降至35～37℃,食欲明显下降甚至废绝。如不及时治疗或治疗方法不当,往往造成母、仔猪共同死亡,较严重的影响了广大农户的经济效益。     

Recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing P12A and 3C of FMDV can partially protect piglets against FMDV challenge

One of the crucial factors for evaluation of an effective genetically engineered vaccine is whether susceptible animals are protected from virus challenge after vaccination. In this study, a recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV-P12A3C) that expressed capsid precursor polypeptide P12A and nonstructural protein 3C of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was used as a vaccine. The expression of P12A3C and its immunogenicity and protective efficacy against FMDV challenge were measured. Humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated after each immunization. Subsequently, each piglet was challenged with 1000 ID₅₀ (50% infection dose) FMDV serotype O, named OR/80, which is used to produce vaccine in China. PRV-P12A3C induced a high level of neutralizing antibody and FMDV-specific lymphocytes. Inactivated vaccine provided 100% protection, and the vector strain (TK⁻/gE⁻/gI⁻) showed no protection. PRV-P12A3C induced 60% protection, compared with piglets that were vaccinated with TK⁻/gE⁻/gI⁻. The severity of clinical signs for the remaining two piglets was lighter and the appearance of vesicles was delayed.