高寒围栏草地短期放牧育肥牦牛增重试验

选择 40头成年阉牦牛 ,( 2 0头为试验组、2 0头为对照组 ) ,进行围栏草地上短期放牧育肥试验。结果 ,在围栏草地上放牧育肥的试验组阉牦牛 ,试验组每头牦牛的总增重比对照组提高 3 .3 1kg ,平均日增重 83g ,提高 44 % ,(P <0 .0 1)。试验组比对照组牦牛每头分别增收 2 6.48元     

Preharvest applications of growth regulators and their effect on postharvest quality of table grapes during cold storage

Over 54,600 ha of table grapes (Vitis vinifera), mainly cvs. ‘Thompson Seedless’, ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Redglobe’, are planted in Chile. Almost the entire production is exported to the USA, Europe, Asia, or one of several Latin American countries, which typically requires 15–40 d of maritime transportation. During this period, several physical, physiological, and pathological factors cause table grape deterioration. Because berry size is the main quality factor in international markets, farmers often overuse the growth regulators, gibberellic acid (GA₃) and forchlorfenuron (CPPU), in an effort to increase berry size. We examined the effect of preharvest growth regulators on seedless (‘Thompson Seedless’, and ‘Ruby Seedless’) and seeded (‘Redglobe’) table grape cultivars during cold (0 °C) storage plus a shelf life period of 3 d at 20 °C. The overuse of GA₃, eight instead of two GA₃ applications on Thompson Seedless, and the use of one GA₃ application on Redglobe and ‘Ruby Seedless’, increased berry pedicel thickness and lowered cuticle content but induced shatter and predisposed grapes to gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. In contrast, CPPU increased berry pedicel thickness and cuticle content but did not increase shatter or gray mold incidence. Clusters that were subjected to overuse of combined GA₃ and CPPU were highly sensitive to shatter, had the thickest pedicel, and developed a high gray mold incidence during cold storage. Hairline, a fine cracking developed during cold storage, was induced on ‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Ruby Seedless’ by growth regulators, but no hairline occurred on ‘Redglobe’ table grapes. Therefore, berry quality during cold storage is greatly influenced by growth regulator management in the vineyard.     

试论工科院校大学生的审美教育

工科院校在强调专业教育的同时，没能同样重视审美教育。加强对工科院校大学生的审美教育，有助于培养正确的审美观，提高审美能力;有助于完善知识结构，提升人文精神; 有助于形成独立完善的人格，提升人格境界;有助于培养个性和谐、德智体美全而发展的高素质人才。     

S1核酸酶突变检测法的优化

优化了S1核酸酶突变检测体系,结果表明(1)扩增法比杂交法产生异源双链DNA更节省时间;(2)PCR产物可以直接作为突变检测的底物;(3)适当降低反应温度、适当增加反应缓冲液中的NaCl浓度、适当缩短反应时间可提高突变检测效果。     

磷对奶牛红细胞膜脂质的影响

对１５例临床上有明显低磷血症的奶牛血清磷、红细胞膜脂质成分进行了测定。结果表明，低磷血症奶牛血清磷、红细胞膜磷脂明显降低；红细胞膜胆固醇及膜胆固醇／磷脂摩尔比值（ｎｃｈ／ｎｐｌ）明显升高，与健康对照组牛相比差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；直线相关分析表明，血清磷与红细胞膜磷脂之间呈极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９１７，ｙ＝１０．８５２ｘ＋３．１９６，Ｐ＜０．０１）；与红细胞膜胆固醇以及ｎｃｈ／ｎｐｌ之间分别呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．９４０，ｙ＝２．８５０ｘ－１．０７２，Ｐ＜０．０１；ｒ＝－０．９２０，ｙ＝１．９６８ｘ－１．４０１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。此外，红细胞膜微粘度与膜磷脂之间呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．９５４，ｙ＝１９．１２２ｘ－４．３８４，Ｐ＜０．０１），而与膜胆固醇以及ｎｃｈ／ｎｐｌ之间呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９８８，ｙ＝０．９２７ｘ＋０．９６４，Ｐ＜０．０１；ｒ＝０．９７８，ｙ＝－０．２９３ｘ＋１．１１３，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明，磷是红细胞膜脂质成分改变的先决因素，而后者又是红细胞膜流动性及膜结构、功能发生变化并导致膜损伤的一个重要因素。     

益生素预防畜禽腹泻机理的研究

用革兰氏阳性的嗜酸乳杆菌和枯草杆菌的活菌和死菌喂饲了８０只雏鸡，用嗜酸乳杆菌的活菌和死菌喂饲了３７头仔猪和２４头犊牛，观察这些细菌防畜禽腹泻的效果。结果证明这两种细菌的活菌与死菌都有预防腹泻的功能，嗜酸乳杆菌的效果好于枯草杆菌。两种菌的活菌和死菌都有预防作用说明是菌体成分或代谢产物可能是预防腹泻的主要有效成分。     

用免疫荧光、酶标技术检测赭曲霉毒素A的研究

该项研究采用本课题组提纯的赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A·简称OA)和研制的兔抗OA抗体等,进行间接荧光法和ELISA间接法检测OA的试验。通过对不同浓度的OA纯品和含毒饲料浸提液及中毒死亡鸡内脏的间接荧光染色,均能检出分布均匀、大小有别的黄绿色荧光亮点;用OA为被检抗原和兔抗OA抗体与羊抗兔IgG-HRP进行ELISA间接法试验,对含不同浓度OA的试验孔和对照孔的检测,结果均正确稳定。研究结果证明,以上两种检测方法检测OA均具有灵敏、特异、快速等优点。     

银荆引种育苗试验

报道了引种银荆过程中播种，芽移育苗，苗木生长及其抗冻性，耐涝性，病害发生情况。     

古柏赤枯病病原菌的研究

经Ｋｏｃｈ＇ｓ法则检验证明，ＡｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａｔｅｎｕｉｓＮｅｅｓ（细链格孢霉）是北京地区古柏赤枯病的病原菌。它引起古柏针叶及嫩梢的大量死亡。２—３年生桧柏及侧柏苗经人工接种证明，该病菌有较强的致病力，它还侵染某些种类的杨树。该病潜育期为５—６天。对病菌生物学特性也作了研究。病原菌生长和孢子萌发最适温度为２５℃Ｆ相对湿度在９０％以上；最适ｐＨ值为６；葡萄糖、淀粉、蛋白胨、谷氨酸为该菌纯培养的优良营养源。     

桃需冷量遗传特性的研究

对桃的９个杂交组合４６３株杂种实生苗需冷量进行测定,统计结果表明：桃需冷量是由多基因控制的,Ｆ＿１需冷量平均值较亲中值短,不同组合偏离程度不同,南山甜桃、红日、玛丽维拉、白凤、大久保需冷量育种值分别为１５９、２１６、３１９、８３１、８３４ｈ,遗传传递力分别为７９%、５４%、９２%、８３%、９３%。需冷量的遗传力为８９．６９%。萌芽开花与需冷量密切相关。